Bai Shouyi, a famous historian, editor-in-chief: General History of China (Volume 14) Section 4 Chen Youliang.
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The fourth quarter Chen Youliang.
Chen Youliang is a fisherman from Yushan County, Mianyang. The original surname is Xie, and the ancestors attached Chen, because they follow their surnames. Little reading makes a little knowledge of literature. He used to be a county magistrate, but he didn't like it. After the Qi and Huang Uprising broke out, he generously defected to the Red Scarf Army and served as Marshal Ni Wenjun's official servant. From Wen Jun, he attacked the city and captured the pool. He was promoted to marshal and stationed in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei). In September of the 17th year of Zheng Zheng (1357), Wen Jun attempted to assassinate Emperor Shouhui and fled to Huangzhou. You Liang took the opportunity to kill him, and all his men belonged to You Liang, claiming to be the messenger of comfort. He soon became a political officer in Pingzhang, and later held the military and political power of the regime.
At that time, the Song regime of the Northern Red Scarf Army was strong, leading troops to attack the capital of song dynasty and dividing the army into three northern expeditions. Attracted the main force of the yuan army and was unable to take care of the south. Chen Youliang seized the opportunity to expand its territory in the south. In October of that year, You Liang sent warships eastward to join forces with Zhao Pu, the Chaohu Navy, to attack Anqing. Don't you dare go straight to Xiaogushan and defeat Marshal Hu and other rebels, Enemy at the Gates. General manager Zhu of Raozhou was ordered by his friends to attack the south gate, the east gate of Pusheng Army and the west gate of Youliang Army, and build a flying tower to attack it day and night. In Yuan Dynasty, Yu Que, Zuo Cheng of Huainan, was injured, and thousands of people in the city were burned. In the first month of the eighteenth year of Zheng Zheng, the city was breached. Since 12 years in Zheng Zheng, Zhao Pusheng has repeatedly attacked Anqing and even Enemy at the Gates. From Sichuan to Chizhou, the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River were opened, and the military strength increased greatly.
After Chen Youliang captured Anqing, he divided his forces to attack Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi.
Zhao Pusheng was ordered to move eastward to compete with Zhu Yuanzhang for territory. In April of that year, he sent troops from Zongyang to recapture the occupied Chizhou, captured Zhu Junsuo and sentenced Zhong Zhao. Pusheng ordered other generals to guard the city, took Zongyang Water Village as his own, and fought Bird's army in Jiande and other places. /kloc-in April of 0/9, Chizhou, the era of victory and defeat, and Taiping counties were taken as the yuan. The competition between the two sides for Anqing is particularly fierce. Zhu Jun is unable to attack again and again. After that, the black pioneer led the troops to go hand in hand by land and water, and the ship arrived in Zongyang, which was better than setting chains in the water to capture the black pioneer and his men alive.
In February, Wang was ordered to lead 200,000 troops to attack Xinzhou (now Shangrao, Jiangxi). The fighting lasted the longest and the situation was fierce. Zhennan Prince Dasheng's slave, Judge Xi Run of the Privy Council, stood guard. In the first month of the 19th year, Bo Yan, the deputy envoy of Yuan Jiangdong's inexpensive visit, led the troops from Quzhou to help, and the army finally arrived and was defeated. In February, Chen Youliang's younger brother Youde led an army to the east of Xinzhou to attack the city. In March, Wang Zhaozhou was sent to attack Quzhou. In June, Guo Feng led an army to more than 100 caves, or climbed the ladder into the city, and broke Xinzhou, and the Great Sage slave died. Bo Yan committed suicide without spending much money.
/kloc-In May of 0/8, Deng Keming and Kangtai were ordered to attack Shaowu. Ke Ming was originally the militia leader of Xingan (now Xingan, Jiangxi), and led many people to make friends and forgive him. Feng Youcheng, then turned to Yongfeng, Ningdu, Shicheng, Tingzhou, Ninghua and other counties, Ke Chongren, Le 'an and other places, according to Fuzhou. In that year 1 1 month, Keming attacked Fujian by Jianchang in three ways and broke Shanhaiguan. At the beginning of the twentieth century, there were disturbances in Fujian, such as Ke Shaowu, Tingzhou and Yanping. In June, Deng Keming and Kangtai joined hands to build Jianning, which was unfavorable. Later, he moved to Shaowu and Jianning, but he returned to Fuzhou.
Chen Youliang led the main attack on Jiangxi counties. /kloc-in April of 0/8, You Liang went south from Jiujiang to Kelongxing Road (now Nanchang) and went to Pingzhang, Jiangxi in the Yuan Dynasty, and abandoned the city and fled. Make friends and believe that the army will make progress. In the same month, You Liang sent the king to Kerui State (now Gao 'an), and the guardian Linjiang Tongzhi gave him death. When the troops enter the river, the defenders will stop and surrender. In May, Xiong was taken to Ji 'an Road, and Yuan participated in the escape of the whole Pu 'an sari. In the same month, You Liangke killed Daotong and Timur, the one who completed the road transformation on Fuzhou Road. In August, You Liang surrounded Jianchang Road (now) and Yuan Pu surrendered. In September, You Liang sent Xiong and Xing as Ganzhou Road, and Yuanjiang West Province participated in the political participation of Pu 'an Sally and general manager Ha Haichi. Chen Youliang's offensive in Jiangxi was fleeting, and it almost occupied the whole province of Jiangxi in just four or five months. In March of the following year, he sent his troops to occupy Xiangyang. Soon, Wang won Xinzhou again, Deng Keming invaded Fujian, and Zhao Pu won the offensive against Zhu Yuanzhang in Anqing and Chizhou. The favorable situation greatly enhanced his prestige, and his desire to usurp the supreme power also rose sharply.
The biggest obstacle to usurping power is Zhao Pusheng. Pu Sheng is a disciple of Peng Yingyu, who made his debut early and was brave and good at fighting. As early as 12 or 13 years in Zheng Zheng, he led millions of divisions to fight fiercely with the Yuan Army in the Jianghuai area. Taking Chizhou and Anqing in the future can be called the pillar of the eastern line of Tianwan regime. Friends must be jealous of him and worried that he would take refuge in Zhu Yuanzhang, so they are trying to get rid of it. Zhu Yuanzhang also failed to win because of many confrontations with Zhao Pusheng, so he took two-faced measures to buy off the parties and sneaked into AIA to alienate Chen and Zhao. Pusheng did not know that "seeing a friend and messenger, saying one's own merits, getting angry and losing" (Volume 7 of A Record of Ming Taizu) deepened his doubts about friendship and forgiveness. /kloc-In September of 0/9, he led his troops to Xu Da and Zhang Desheng, arrived at Fucaotang at night, knocked out the general manager of the Ministry of Health of Zhao Pu, and entered Qianshan County. My friend is determined to take the opportunity to kill Pusheng. It is a scam to go to Anqing in the name of the army. Pusheng didn't know his plan, so he burned sheep to meet geese and boarded a boat to meet friends. Friends dare to kill him and join his army.
Chen Youliang's killing of Zhao Pusheng was the first great division of the Red Scarf Army, which had a great influence on the war situation at that time. At that time, Zhao Pusheng's department was located in Zongyang, and Anqing, Times and Taiping all had subordinates. Zhu Yuanzhang tried to break through the Tianwan East Line, but he couldn't win because of his great victory. After Pusheng was killed, his men were restless and unwilling to play for Chen Youliang, which caused tension on the Eastern Front. Shortly after Pusheng was killed, Zhu Yuanzhang took Xu Da away from Zongyang Water Village and threatened Anqing. Chen Youliang had to head the main force to stabilize the Eastern Front, so in May of the 20th year of Zheng Zhi (1360), he led an army to attack Chizhou, and Xu Da and Chang Yuchun ambushed Jiuhuashan. Friends trusted him. More than 10,000 soldiers were killed and 3,000 people were captured. The defeat of Chizhou this time was the result of his murder of Pu Sheng. In June, after Chen Youliang killed Xu Shouhui and usurped power, he sent his troops to attack Yingtian (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), the capital of Zhu Yuanzhang's regime, and was defeated in Longwan. Zhao Pusheng led Zhang Zhixiong to Bird. "Zhang Zhixiong, so Zhao Pusheng department, warrior, and taste hatred friends dare to kill Pusheng. Therefore, the battle of Longwan has no fighting spirit. " ("A Record of Ming Taizu", Volume 8) Chiyou went out to attack Anqing again and took it soon.
Chen Youliang murdered Xu Shouhui for a long time. In December of 19th year, Xu Shouhui led the troops and sent his troops to Hanyang, and decided to move Nanchang to Jiangzhou. Friends dared to go out in disguise and ambush outside the west gate. Shouhui entered the city, closed the gate and killed Shouhui's department outside the city. Therefore, Jiangzhou was regarded as the end of the capital, and Shouhui gave orders to all ministries. Claiming to be Hanwang, he established the Han Palace in the west gate of the city, placed the official and monopolized the power. In May of the following year, the water army attacked Chizhou and suffered a crushing defeat, losing more than 10,000 foot soldiers. In the leap of May, he led the water army to attack Taiping (now Dangtu, Anhui Province), captured Bird and killed Huayun. A friend thinks that "since you are trapped in peace and full of ambition, you are eager to steal." It is to put on a white job before the quarrying ship makes people live long, and let the strong men smash their heads and kill them. " After You Liang brutally killed Xu Shouhui, he quickly took Wu Tong Temple as the main hall and hung the statues in the temple upside down outside the door. Despite the downpour, the costumes under the regiment were all wet. He hastily held a ceremony on the river bank, so he called himself the emperor, changed his name to Dahan and changed his righteousness. He still takes Zou Pusheng as his surname, Zhang Bixian as his prime minister and Qiu.
The demise of Tianwan regime and the establishment of Dahan regime marked the failure of Southern Uprising, which was replaced by feudal separatist regime.
In the seventeenth year of Zheng Zheng, after Chen Youliang came to power, he took winning over and relying on landlords and former officials as a means to consolidate his power. For example, after you Liang captured Nanchang, he immediately summoned Wu Dang, the grandson of Wu Cheng, a famous Confucian scholar, and a former anti-corruption ambassador of Su Yuan. At that time, Wu was appointed as a member of Jiangxi Provincial Political Consultative Conference. Later, Liang hired him, "I was ill and refused to eat. I swore to die, and I was sent to Jiangzhou by boat. I was detained for one year, and I didn't feel wronged." (Biography of the Party of Wu Shi in Yuan Dynasty) Liang personally went to Nanchang to meet Han Zhun, the imperial adviser of Yuan Dynasty, and humbly said, "I am a county official, and everyone knows it." . Han Zhun didn't answer. "If you go, it will be embarrassing, but the public refuses to accept it, but you dare not harm it." ("Wuhai: Zhai Ji" Volume 5) With the active efforts of Chen Youliang, many landlords, intellectuals and Yuan officials defected one after another, among which the most famous one was the untied uncle Huang. Huang Zhao was a former minister of Yuan Bing Department, and together with Wudang, he suppressed the peasant uprising in Jiangxi. Xie Jia is a famous official in Jiangxi. He untied Zeng's throat and let Chen Youliang kill Xu Shouhui. Chen Youliang's policy towards the landlord class was appreciated by some landlords. It used to be the blessing of Yin Jinxian at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, saying that You Liang "reorganized handsome and opposed Wu and Chu." Wherever you go, you can use your talents, and the sage respects the ceremony, and everyone follows his nature. Those who have no intention of becoming rich and famous are not strong in their duties, so they are also superior to others ("Tongzhi Nanchang Mansion Records"). After Chen Youliang usurped power to build the Han Dynasty, more landlords defected. "The pseudo-Han is in Jiujiang, and there are more and more followers" (Wang Li: Lu Prequel, Volume III). As a result, a group of peasant army leaders who took part in the uprising in the early days, such as Ou Puxiang, just like Chen Youliang, became new representatives of the interests of the landlord class. However, yuan officials and landlord intellectuals who defected to the Han regime accounted for an increasing proportion in the Han regime. They joined forces to oppress and exploit the people, and the amount of land tax in some places doubled.
Chen Youliang and his gang also live a luxurious life. He bought a deer park, made a carved gold bed and had a group of harem concubines.
After Chen Youliang killed Xu Shouhui, "all his soldiers were divided and each had its own laws" (Volume 9 of A Record of Ming Taizu). Xu Shouhui, Zhao Pusheng and other Kibaki broke away from the Han regime, or set up their own homes, or took refuge in Zhu Yuanzhang. The strength of the Han regime seems to be strong, but it is actually very weak.
After the establishment of the Han regime, the influence of the Yuan Dynasty in the south became less and less. Therefore, in addition to sending troops to attack Shaowu, Jianning and other places in Fujian to compete with Chen Youding for territory, Chen Youliang mainly focused on the competition with Zhu Yuanzhang on the Eastern Front. He tried his best to destroy Zhu Yuanzhang's army in one fell swoop and achieve the goal of dominating the south. But the end result led to his own downfall.
In May of the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty, Chen Youliang hastily claimed to be the Empress of Han Dynasty when quarrying, and went down the river with the sharp edge of sailors. For this war, Chen Youliang ordered Yu Zhen of Sichuan Province to send troops to attend the meeting. Yu Zhen was furious and "disconnected"; He also sent messengers to Pingjiang (now Suzhou) to see Zhang Shicheng, and crusaded against Zhu Yuanzhang from east to west, saying that "a scholar wants to observe the change of the environment, not to make it, not to make it" (Biography of Zhang Shicheng in Ming Dynasty). Despite this, you Liang is still ten times better than. In the face of aggressive enemies, there are also differences of opinion within the Zhu regime. "Those who offer advice and suggestions will either seek to surrender the city, or take Zhongshan as the king, and want to run according to it, or want to fight it to the death, but it is not too late." Zhu Yuanzhang adopted Liu Ji's advice and used tricks to win friends. Kang Maocai, the ministry of Zhu Yuanzhang, used to be an old friend of Chen Youliang. Bird asked Cai Mao to give an Amnesty to a book club and was willing to be an insider. Friends don't know what they are planning. They invited to Jiangdong Bridge, even called "Laokang". No one answered. You dare to know the secret, that is, to take a boat to Longwan with his brother You Ren and get ambushed everywhere. You dare to defeat the army inside and outside, which is a worthwhile low tide. Chen Zhou ran aground and couldn't move, not counting the drowning people killed, but captured more than 20,000 people. It surrendered to Zhang Zhixiong, Liang Xuan, Yu Guoxing and Liu Shiyan. In the name of mixing, blocking rivers and knocking down mountains, rivers and seas, Yuan and others captured more than 100 giant ships and hundreds of warships. At the same time, Bird sent him to Zhou Kexin and Hu Dahai (now Shangrao, Jiangxi) to pin down his friends and ask for forgiveness. You Liang fled to Jiangzhou after the defeat, and Zhu Jun occupied Taiping and Anqing.
After Longwan's defeat, Chen Youliang was in a passive position. In July of 20 years, Chen Youliang Poyang Institute sentenced Yu Guang and Zuo Cheng to Bird (now the north of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi) in the spring. In September, because of dissatisfaction with Chen Youliang's arrogance, Da Situ surrendered Bird to zhou yuan (now Yichun, Jiangxi) with Yuan Guogong, who was in the last years of the power, and You Liang sent his younger brother You Ren to attack. Pu Xiang was defeated and captured You Ren. You Liang sent a surname Zou Pusheng to tell him that You Ren was back. Ou Puxiang was a brave general in Tianwan regime, guarding Yuanzhou for nearly ten years. "Shijiang and Chu counties are all owned by the Chen family, Yuan is in danger, and the soldiers of Tan, Yue and Gan are not allowed to leave, so friends are afraid of the situation" (Biography of Huang Binchuan in Ming Dynasty).
In the 21st year of Zheng Zheng, Chen Youliang tried to fight back. In May, Li Pai attacked Xinzhou and was captured and surrendered by Zhu Jun. In July, his friends sent him to attack Anqing. In August, Zhu Yuanzhang personally led the boat division to attack Chen Youliang, and under the banner of "hanging the people's crusade, going with it and falling", he went upstream, mined and rushed to Anqing, and ordered Liao Yongzhong and Zhang Zhixiong to lead the boat division to attack Chen Shuijun village and enter Anqing. After driving for a long time to Xiaogushan, you asked Fu Youde and Ding Pulang, the captains, to pick you up. Division I Hukou, chasing a good boat division to Jiangzhou. Relatives and friends led the troops to supervise the war and returned home defeated. In the middle of the night, they abandoned the city and fled to Wuchang with their wives. Bird ordered Xu Da to pursue the invasion, while Xu Da stationed troops in Dunkou, Hanyang, containing friendly warships and trusting Mianyang. Bird took Nankang (now Xing Zi, Jiangxi), Qi, Huang and Guangji, Chen Youliang to Pingzhang, Jiangxi, and surrendered to Raozhou (now Boyang, Jiangxi). In September, Jiangxi Chen Youliang and Pingzhang Wang Pu surrendered to Jianchang (now Cheng Nan, Jiangxi). 1 1 month, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Deng Yu and Wu Hong to attack Fuzhou, and Deng Keming, the governor of Jiangxi Province and the right prime minister, took Fuzhou, Jianchang, Linjiang and Tingzhou, and Nanfeng, Ningdu and Fuzhou, Linchuan and Le 'an 18 counties, falsely surrendered and fled back to Xing 'an; Kang Maocai took Ruichang (now Jiangxi). 1February, Jiangxi Premier Chen Youliang, Hu Tingrui, Pingzhang Zhu Zong and Shu Tong Kangtai surrendered to Nanchang.
In the first month of the 22nd year of Zheng Zheng, Chen Long, a local tyrant in Ningzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi), reduced his militia to 20,000 in six counties: Ning, Taixin, Tongcheng, Jing 'an, De 'an and Wuning. Marshal Sun, once with his brother's Ji 'an army, descended to the city. Chen Youliang, Jiangxi, fell to Longquan, Zhang Peng. In March, Zhu Zong and Kang Tai rebelled against Nanchang, and Zhu Yuanzhang fled to Deng Yu in response to Japan. Bird ordered Xu Da to send troops from Hanyang to attack Nanchang, and recovered Nanchang the following month. Zhu Zongben went to Deng Keming, where he was killed by Ke Ming and sent his first letter to Bird. Kangtai went to Guangxin, was captured on the way and sent to Yingtian. In August, Chen Youliang sent bears to attack Ji 'an, and the garrison commander Sun was defeated and left Yongxin. Tian Rui attacked Yongxin again and killed Li Ben. Do you believe that your friend will order Chen Ding to guard Ji 'an? In December, Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops from Zhu Wenzheng to attack Ji 'an, spared Chen Ding's failure, and Zhu Jun recovered Ji 'an.
In the twenty-third year of Zheng Zheng (1363), the situation in Chen Youliang was even worse, and its territory was shrinking. In April of that year, frustrated Chen Youliang took advantage of Zhu Yuanzhang's Beianfeng (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) to rescue Han Liner, Wang Xiaoming, and launched a massive attack on Nanchang. For this war, he specially built hundreds of large ships. "These ships are only a few dozen feet high and painted with Dan paint. The stables were removed from the upper and lower floors. There are board houses for shelter, and dozens of paddles are put in them. The upper and lower people don't know each other, and the paddles are all covered with iron, carrying hundreds of officials from home and coming from empty countries. " ("A Record of Ming Taizu" Volume 12 Chen claimed to be 600,000, which is really aggressive and arrogant! I'm afraid Chen Youliang has made a serious strategic mistake. Behind the great defeat of Poyang Lake in Chen Youliang, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "If I don't go to Anfeng, Chen Youliang will take advantage of our soldiers and the capital will be empty. Going downstream, you are forced to build health, and if you don't advance, you will retreat. Friends dare not attack Jiankang and surround Nanchang. People who fall under this plan will not die! " (Liu Chen: "The Story of the Beginning of the Country")
Nanchang City was originally close to Ganjiang River. Considering that the river was vulnerable to attack by navy, Zhu Yuanzhang rebuilt the city wall to the river bank for 30 steps. This time Chen Youliang attacked, the ship could not rely on the city wall, so it had to land in the besieged city. Zhu Wenzheng, the nephew of Zhu Yuanzhang, is the commander of Nanchang. Zheng Wen and his generals refused to guard the city separately: Deng Yu, who participated in politics, guarded Fuzhou Gate, Marshal Zhao Desheng and others guarded Gongbu, Tubu and Qiaobu, commanded Xue Xian and others to guard Zhangjiang and Xincheng Gate, and Marshal Niu Hailong and others guarded Liuli and Dan Tai Gate. Zheng Wen is in the middle, controlling the army. He is an elite of 2,000 people. He should come and go to help defend the enemy. You think the siege is urgent. Some war generals such as Niu Jinhai and Zhao Desheng were killed, and Zheng Wen supervised the generals to defend their positions. The two sides were deadlocked for 85 days. At the same time, friends will be trapped in Ji 'an and Wuwei. In July, Zhu Yuanzhang personally led 200,000 sailors, and Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, Liao Yongzhong, Yu Tonghai and other generals went out with the division. My friend dared to hear of Zhu Jun's help, that is, to solve the siege of Nanchang and go out to Poyang Lake in the east. So an unprecedented water war broke out in Poyang Lake.
Although the strength of Chen and Zhu is far from each other, Chen Youliang usurped power and lost people's hearts. He "only knows the great ship, but he is afraid of the unknown army" (Volume 12 of A Record of Ming Taizu). And Zhu Yuanzhang's troops are United as one, with high morale and ready to fight to the death. And the outcome of the war depends on the command ability on the battlefield. Although Chen Youliang warships are large, they are connected by iron cables, which makes them inconvenient to rotate. Although Zhu Yuanzhang's warship was small, it was very flexible, so at the beginning of the war, Bird decided to use fire to break the enemy.
On July 20th, the two sides met in Kang Langshan, Poyang Lake. Friends trust that the ship is high and strong, and has advantages. Seeing that the situation was not good, Bird ordered the boat division to be 1 1 team, and attacked with firearms and crossbows. On 2 1 day, Bird ordered to take the wind and shoot at the same sea, burning more than 20 ships of Youxin and drowning many people. Bird killed Han Cheng and Song Gui, and asked his friend Zhang Dingbian to attack Bird's ship, but Bird's ship ran aground and the situation was critical. Chang Yuchun and Yu Tonghai came to help before they escaped. The fighting was fierce. On the 22nd, Bird ordered brave men to drive boats full of inflammable materials such as gunpowder and rushed to enemy ships, so that hundreds of ships in Youliang Shuizhai were burned. Smoke rose to the sky, the lake was red, and most of the dead. You trust your brothers, You Ren, You Gui, Zhang Pingchen, etc. Burn them all. That day, Bird killed Zhang Zhixiong and Ding Pulang. After several days of Lien Chan, the more friends trust, the worse. Bird sent an ambush, blocked the exit from Poyang Lake to the Yangtze River, stayed in Zuo Li first, and Youyou also moved to Zhouzhuji. After three days of stalemate, you trust General Jin Wu, whether on the left or the right, to lead his troops to Bird. Without these two generals, you believe that the army will decline. Bird took the opportunity to launch a public opinion offensive and sent someone to the book club to forgive him. He reiterated that * * * was aimed at Yuan and the security guard, accused my friend of provoking soldiers and causing losses, and asked my friend to forgive me for "listening to my command". You believed that "the book was angry, but the messenger didn't deliver it" and ordered the killing of the captured sergeant Bird. When Bird heard these words, he ordered all his friends to forgive the prisoners of war, and some of the wounded received medical treatment. Then he told the book lovers to forgive them and suggested that they give up their resistance. At the same time, he sent generals to Kirgiz, Xingguo and other places. ("A Record of Ming Taizu" Volume 12)
In August, you Xin Liang was in a dilemma, ready to break through and attack Wuchang. On the 27th, You Liang led more than 100 ships to the south lake mouth, turned to the mouth of the lake to break through, and was shot by a stream vector and died. Tomorrow, Chen Rong, political commissar Lu Mou and Tang Dynasty envoy Cai Li will lead the troops to surrender, and Bird will have more than 50,000 foot soldiers. That night, Prime Minister Yang and Deputy Prime Minister Han fled back to Wuchang by boat with their son Chen Li.
After Zhang Dingbian arrived in Wuchang, he made Chen Li emperor and changed his life to Deshou. In the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), in February, Zhu Yuanzhang led the amphibious army to levy Wuchang, Chen Li surrendered, and the Dahan regime perished.
Chen Youliang is a suspicious, willful and selfish person. In order to achieve the purpose of usurping the throne, he did not kill his comrades-in-arms and the king of a country. The cruelty of his means made all his people tremble with fear, so "everyone is United and suspicious", coupled with his slightly low talent and improper measures, eventually failed again and again in the military, leading to his downfall. After Chen Li surrendered, Zhu Yuanzhang said to the ministers: "Chen's administration is not for brave soldiers, but for the arrogance of superiors and subordinates, lax laws and regulations, unbearable, relying on the public and making small plans, which led to all this. Make them rely on many tricks, unite as one, according to the wealth of Jingchu, keep the risk of Jianghan, cross Zhang Yu, meet Fujian and Vietnam, and protect its people. If you wait for the meeting, you can get a glimpse of the Central Plains, and you can compete with it if you retreat. Can I take it safely? If measures are lost, it will lead to collapse. This sincerity can be used as a warning. " (A Record of Ming Taizu, Volume XIII) This passage is reasonable.