Internet of Things: the current position in China, the development trend and the development direction of the international Internet of Things, and how to deal with the start of the Internet of Things

Internet of Things: the current position in China, the development trend and the development direction of the international Internet of Things, and how to deal with the start of the Internet of Things in China. As an important part of strategic emerging industries, the Internet of Things is the entry point to promote the development of related industrial clusters, which has important strategic significance and broad development prospects. China has a good comparative advantage in developing the Internet of Things industry, but it also faces some bottlenecks, such as lack of unified development strategy, lack of core technology, imperfect standard system, lack of address resources and insufficient scale application. Therefore, targeted measures must be taken to promote the development of China's Internet of Things industry. The Internet of Things is a network that connects all items with the Internet through information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID) to realize intelligent identification and management. The Internet of Things industry is an industrial cluster composed of Internet of Things chip and technology providers, application equipment providers, software and application developers, system integrators, network providers, operators and service providers, and Internet of Things users. The United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea and other developed countries and regions attach great importance to the development of the Internet of Things industry. China has also incorporated the Internet of Things into strategic emerging industries, and will adopt a series of policy measures. This paper analyzes the advantages and problems in the development of China's Internet of Things industrial clusters, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. First, the advantages of the development of China Internet of Things industrial cluster (1) It has a certain technological accumulation. As early as 1999, the Chinese Academy of Sciences started the research on the Internet of Things (sensor network) and invested hundreds of millions of yuan. The National Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development Plan (2006-2020) and the major project of "New Generation Broadband Mobile Wireless Communication Network" all focus on the Internet of Things (sensor network). The Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology have also set up special projects to support the research and application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), the key technology of the Internet of Things. The Ministry of Science and Technology has set up a "RFID" project in the field of advanced manufacturing, with an investment of more than 1 billion yuan, providing large-scale funding for 19 projects and nearly 30 enterprises and institutions, and funding and cultivating the whole industrial chain from the research and development of RFID chips and key technologies to industrial applications. At present, China has made great progress in wireless intelligent sensor network communication technology, micro-sensors, mobile base stations and so on. (2) It has a certain first-Mover advantage in standard setting. In the field of Internet of Things in the world, China, together with Germany, the United States and South Korea, has become one of the four major sponsors and leading countries in international standard-making, and gained an important voice in international standard-making. This will change the backward situation of China in the two information waves of computer and Internet. At present, China's Internet of Things (sensor network) standard system has formed a preliminary framework, and many standard proposals submitted to the International Organization for Standardization have been adopted. In order to strengthen the standardization of the Internet of Things, on September 1 1, 2009, the China National Standards Working Group for the Internet of Things (Sensor Network) was formally established. The China Joint Working Group on Internet of Things Standards is also actively preparing. (3) Have a good foundation for the development of industrial clusters. First, scientific and technological research and industrial clusters have begun to take shape. On June165438+1October 12, 2009, Jiangsu Province, China Academy of Sciences and Wuxi signed an agreement to jointly build the "China Internet of Things Research and Development Center". On the same day, China Mobile announced the establishment of China Mobile Internet of Things Research Institute in Wuxi, focusing on the technical research and application development of the integration of TD-SCDMA and the Internet of Things, and building an Internet of Things data center to support the landing operation of Internet of Things-related businesses. On 23rd, China Telecom Internet of Things Application Promotion Center and China Telecom Internet of Things Technology Key Laboratory were established in Wuxi. On 24th, China Unicom signed an agreement with Wuxi to promote the integration of WCDMA and Internet of Things. 20 10 On March 2nd, Shanghai Internet of Things Center was established. In terms of industrialization organization, as early as September 2005, Shanghai established the Industry-University-Research Alliance of Electronic Tags and Internet of Things. In June and February, 2009, the preparatory working groups for Zhongguancun Internet of Things Industry Alliance and Sensor Network (Internet of Things) Technology Industry Alliance were established one after another. Second, the industrial base has developed rapidly. With the strong support of the state, the first national Internet of Things Park was established in Wuxi on August 7, 2009. 165438+ 10/3, the State Council officially approved the construction of a national sensor network (internet of things) innovation demonstration zone in Wuxi. The construction of Internet of Things industrial bases in various places has also been rapidly advanced. (IV) Broad market development potential According to FORRESTER, an authoritative consulting organization in the United States, by 2020, the business of the global Internet of Things will reach 30 to 1 compared with the business of communication between people, which means that the Internet of Things industry is 30 times larger than the Internet. Therefore, the Internet of Things is called "the next trillion-dollar communication service". Second, the problems existing in the development of China's Internet of Things industrial clusters (1) lack of a clear and unified development strategy and roadmap for the Internet of Things. As a strategic emerging industry, the Internet of Things is still in the early stage of development, and its standards, technologies, business models and supporting policies are far from mature. Compared with computers and the Internet, the development of the Internet of Things needs top-level design, overall planning and unified standards. But so far, the development of China's Internet of Things industry is basically in a spontaneous state, and the division between departments, regions and industries is more common. There is no clear and unified national Internet of Things development strategy and roadmap, which is very unfavorable to the current and future development of China's Internet of Things industry. In the case that the country attaches great importance to the Internet of Things industry, it is easy to rush headlong into it. This can be seen from the rapid rise of stock prices of enterprises related to the Internet of Things and the participation of many cities in the construction of the Internet of Things. (2) Lack of core key technologies of the Internet of Things China lacks core key technologies of the Internet of Things. In addition to the next generation Internet and other technologies, only a few domestic enterprises have the core technology of the Internet of Things. Take RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology as an example: RFID technology is the core and key technology in the Internet of Things, but among the global RFID patents, the number of RFID patent applications in China is only 6.5% in the United States and 45.7% in Japan, and most of them are utility models, and the number of invention patents is small. The United States has a large number of patents in the fields of chips, coding and air interface protocols. The total number of patent applications exceeds that of the European Union, the World Intellectual Property Organization, Japanese and Chinese mainland, reaching 53%. Japan and Europe have great advantages in sensor technology. Even in China, the number of RFID invention patents granted by foreign enterprises and organizations in China is dominant. Up to now, many international organizations and countries around the world have formulated RFID standards and accelerated their export to China. With the popularization of foreign RFID standards in China and gradually accepted by enterprises in China, the formulation and popularization of national RFID standards in China will face more and more challenges, while the application of international standards in China will hinder the formulation and popularization of national RFID standards in China. (3) The standard system of Internet of Things is not perfect. The development of Internet of Things industry involves many links such as object recognition, information perception, information transmission and information processing, including chip and technology providers, application equipment providers, software and application providers, system integrators, network providers, operators and service providers. Although China has a certain first-Mover advantage in the formulation of Internet of Things standards, a unified standard system adapted to the development of the domestic Internet of Things industry has not yet been introduced, which makes many Internet of Things applications still in a fragmented state, and terminal manufacturers, application manufacturers and integrators cannot effectively cooperate, and the industrial division of labor cannot be refined, which affects the large-scale development of the whole industry. With the continuous expansion of the application scope of the Internet of Things, the imperfection of standards and specifications will lead to chaos in the whole Internet of Things industry. (D) Lack of Internet of Things address resources. Internet development in the Internet of Things era requires a large number of IP addresses. Experts predict that the expected demand for Internet of Things addresses in China in the next five years will be 654.38+000 billion. At present, the lack of IP address resources on the Internet has become the biggest bottleneck in the development of the Internet of Things. In terms of the total amount, the current global Internet IPv4 protocol can only provide more than 4 billion address spaces, and the remaining allocated IPv4 addresses are less than 10%, which will be exhausted in two years. Structurally, the global distribution of IPv4 addresses is unbalanced. By the end of 2009, the number one IPv4 address in the United States was 6543.8+495 million, accounting for 50% of the total number of allocated IPv4 addresses in the world. China, ranked second, has only 232 million IPv4 addresses, accounting for 7.77% of the world. From the development trend, the number of applications for IPv4 addresses in China in 2009 was 1.94 times that of the United States, showing a strong growth momentum. The rapid growth of IP address demand and the shortage of address resources will make the problem of lack of address resources in China more prominent. (V) Lack of large-scale application of the Internet of Things China's Internet of Things is still in its early stage of development. At present, the application of the Internet of Things is mainly limited to a small range of simple applications, and it is difficult to stimulate the enthusiasm of all links in the industrial chain. The huge industry and large-scale application demand have not been stimulated, which makes the large-scale market demand for the development of the Internet of Things industry insufficient, and affects the large-scale application of the Internet of Things to some extent. At the same time, the lack of a mature business model is another important reason that restricts the large-scale application of the Internet of Things. Three. Suggestions on promoting the development of China's Internet of Things industrial clusters (1) Formulate a unified development strategy and roadmap for China's Internet of Things as soon as possible. First, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the development of China's Internet of Things industrial clusters, and clarify the guiding ideology, development principles, development goals, development strategies and key tasks of the development of China's Internet of Things industrial clusters; The second is to clearly define the status, role and relationship of the state, local governments and enterprises in the development of Internet of Things industrial clusters; The third is to formulate and implement relevant policies and supporting measures to promote the development of China's Internet of Things industrial clusters. (II) Strengthening the R&D and industrialization of the core technologies of the Internet of Things First, strengthen the capital investment and technology research and development of the core technologies of the Internet of Things, such as RFID antenna design and manufacturing, RFID tag packaging technology and equipment, tag integration, key parts of readers, and RFID testing technology and equipment. Second, actively explore the new R&D organization mode, combine R&D with industrialization, establish the R&D base of Internet of Things technology, gather R&D talents and projects of Internet of Things, and carry out R&D and industrialization of key technologies of Internet of Things and related industries. (3) Accelerate the construction of the Internet of Things standard system and adhere to the principle of simultaneous advancement of international standards and domestic standards. First, in the field of basic standards for the Internet of Things, actively participate in and lead the formulation of international standards, and further establish and expand China's right to speak in the formulation of international standards for the Internet of Things. Secondly, in the formulation of domestic Internet of Things standards, based on international standards and relying on the core technology and network of TD-SCDMA with independent intellectual property rights in China, China has formulated and formed its own Internet of Things standard system. (four) actively promote the demonstration and large-scale application of Internet of Things technology. First, speed up the next generation Internet application of IPv6. Actively developing IPv6 next generation Internet is an effective way to solve the current shortage of Internet address resources. It is necessary to establish an effective organizational mechanism, system and measures for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 as soon as possible, and make a clear timetable. At the same time, relevant incentive policies should be issued, and financial leverage, special funds and other economic means should be used to encourage Internet application providers to carry out IPv6 transformation, so as to speed up the application of IPv6 next-generation Internet. Second, it is necessary to combine the research and development of Internet of Things technology and the formulation of standards, and adopt Internet of Things operators (such as China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom). As the main body of implementation, give full play to the positive role of the government in promoting the application of the Internet of Things, and carry out various forms of application demonstration projects in various fields such as industry, agriculture and public services. , including environmental monitoring, intelligent transportation, smart grid, smart home, etc. In the next few years, the global Internet of Things market will grow rapidly. According to the relevant analysis report, the global market scale will reach 70 billion US dollars in 2007, 78 billion US dollars in 2008 and over 654.38+04 billion US dollars in 2065.438+02, with an annual growth rate of nearly 20%. According to CCID Consulting's research, the scale of domestic Internet of Things industry will reach 200 billion yuan in 20 10 and 750 billion yuan in 20 15, with a compound annual growth rate of over 30%. The market prospect will far exceed the computer, Internet, mobile communication and other markets, with a larger market share and better development prospects.