Gray income is less popular income, such as kickbacks and benefits. It's shameful, but it's not enough to constitute a crime. Hidden income is income other than wages, such as transportation subsidies and communication subsidies.
Invisible income is the income obtained "legally" in addition to wages and labor income. For example, provident fund, stock market income and other gray income, let's talk about black income first, black income is illegal income, and white income is legal income. Gray income is between the two, which is difficult to define. For example, the source of property is unknown, and there is no evidence of bribery.
1. From the perspective of whether the income is open or not, the income of residents can also be divided into explicit income and implicit income. Among them, explicit income refers to open book income, including wage income, physical income, rental income, financial assets income, legal business income and so on. Record in the account book or declare tax; Hidden income refers to undisclosed off-balance-sheet income, including personal welfare, hidden property income, gray income and black income.
2. Accordingly, the income gap of residents can be divided into explicit income gap and implicit income gap. Usually, we see in newspapers, magazines, books and other media that the official Gini coefficient of residents' income distribution in a certain period is smaller than that obtained by unofficial scholars and research institutions.
3. For example, the national Gini coefficient of 1995 was 0.389 published by the National Bureau of Statistics, 0.445 by the China Academy of Social Sciences, and 0.452 by foreign scholars who participated in the survey conducted by the China Academy of Social Sciences in the same period. The reason is that, despite the differences in the choice of calculation methods and the different angles of consideration, it should be said that the official data reflects the explicit income gap among residents, but basically does not involve the implicit income gap, and the unofficial data can not be said to be completely accurate, but to some extent, it reflects both the explicit income gap among residents and some implicit income gaps.
Having said that, it is obvious that neither official data nor unofficial results can accurately reflect the hidden income gap between residents. This is related to the uncertain factors in the process of income statistics. For example, China's current accounting system is not perfect, and financial information distortion still exists; Part of the income in kind is omitted in the statistical process; It is difficult to accurately "monetize" the income in kind included in statistical data; High-income earners are afraid of "revealing wealth"; Due to the concealment of illegal and abnormal income such as gray income and black income, the hidden income gap in real life is not accurately reflected in the statistical data.