Many brands of cars have electronic stability control systems, but the names of different manufacturers are different. For example, Volkswagen calls it ESP, Honda calls it VSA, Toyota calls it VSC, and the generalized electronic stability control system is called ESC.
● What is electronic stability control system?
Automotive electronic stability control system is a new type of automotive active safety system, which is a further expansion of the functions of anti-lock braking system (ABS) and traction control system (TCS). On this basis, the yaw rate sensor, direction-finding acceleration sensor and steering wheel angle sensor are added when the vehicle turns, and the driving force and braking force of the front and rear, left and right wheels are controlled by ECU to ensure the lateral stability of the vehicle.
The system consists of three parts: sensor, electronic control unit (ECU) and actuator. ECU monitors the running state of the vehicle and intervenes in the control of the engine and braking system of the vehicle. The typical electronic stability control system of automobile mainly includes four-wheel speed sensor, steering wheel angle sensor, lateral acceleration sensor, yaw rate sensor and brake master cylinder pressure sensor. The executive part includes traditional braking system (vacuum booster, pipeline and brake), hydraulic regulator and so on. The electronic control unit is connected with the engine management system and can intervene and adjust the engine power output.
This system mainly controls the longitudinal and lateral stability of the vehicle and ensures that the vehicle runs according to the driver's consciousness. The electronic stability control system is based on the anti-lock function of ABS braking. The system brakes hundreds of times a second when the car brakes and the tire is about to lock up, which is somewhat similar to mechanical point braking. In this way, when the vehicle is fully braked, the tires can still roll, and the effect of rolling friction after locking is better than sliding friction, which can control the driving direction of the vehicle.
On the other hand, the system will cooperate with the engine ECU. When the driving wheel slips, the electronic system will judge whether the driving wheel slips, and immediately automatically reduce the throttle intake and engine speed to reduce the power output, thus braking the slipping driving wheel. In this way, slip can be reduced, and the most suitable power output between the tire and the ground grip can be maintained. At this time, no matter how the oil is supplied, the driving wheel will not slip.
When the signals of the corner sensor, the lateral acceleration sensor and the wheel speed sensor show that the vehicle is understeer or oversteer, the lateral stability of the vehicle is ensured by controlling one or more wheels to brake, so as to adjust the attitude of the vehicle when changing lanes or turning, and make the vehicle more stable and safe when changing lanes or turning.
● Different brand names.
Usually people say that ESP is actually a registered trademark of Bosch, and the accurate writing should be ESP? . In the relevant laws and regulations of ECE/KOOC-0/3H, FMVSS/KOOC-0/26 and even GTRNo.8, the electronic stability control system is called ESC, so from an academic point of view, it is rigorous to call it ESC in a broad sense.
At present, there are six major suppliers of electronic stability control system in the world, namely Bosch, Trina, Denso, Aisin Seiki, China and Delphi. Many vendors' systems are basically purchased from these companies and then given different names. However, even the same system will have different functions on different models. Only the most basic functions are mentioned here.
Common brand vehicle stability system names Application brands ESP Audi, Volkswagen, Suzuki, Fiat, Chrysler, Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, Citroen, Ford (domestic) and other VSA Honda, Acura VDC Nissan, British finidi, Subaru DSC BMW, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda, MINI and other VSC Toyota Reiz VDIM Toyota (Crown), Lexus ESC GM (domestic models) StabiliTrak.
Summary:
Although the names are different, the principles of vehicle stability systems of the three manufacturers are basically the same. Toyota VDIM and BMW DSC systems are slightly different from other manufacturers. The VIDM system increases the intervention in the steering system, making it easier for the driver to correct the driving trajectory. The DSC system on BMW has added an adjustable function to reduce the impact on driving pleasure. In addition, the ESC system is not isolated, and a series of active safety and driving convenience functions can be extended based on it.
ESP Introduction Bosch is the first company to put electronic stability program (ESP) into mass production. Because ESP is a patented product of Bosch, only Bosch's body electronic stability system can be called ESP. After Bosch, many companies have developed similar systems, such as VSC of Toyota and DSC of BMW. The full name of ESP is: (ElectronicStabilityProgram). Including ABS and ASR, is the functional extension of these two systems.
ESP system consists of control unit, steering sensor (monitoring the steering angle of the steering wheel), wheel sensor (monitoring the rotating speed of each wheel), sideslip sensor (monitoring the rotation state of the car body around the vertical axis), lateral acceleration sensor (monitoring the centrifugal force when the car turns) and so on. The control unit judges the driving state of the vehicle through the signals of these sensors, and then sends out control instructions. The difference between a car with ESP and a car with ABS and ASR is that ABS and ASR can only react passively, while ESP can detect and analyze the condition of the car and correct the driving mistakes before they occur. ESP is particularly sensitive to oversteer or understeer. For example, when a car turns left and oversteers (turns too fast), it will flick its tail to the right. When the sensor senses the slip, it will quickly brake the right front wheel to restore its adhesion and generate the opposite torque to keep the car in the original lane. Of course, there is a limit to everything. If the driver drives too fast blindly, it is difficult to guarantee the safety of any safety device now. If you still don't understand how ESP works, you can watch the following video:
Economic and Social Committee
brief introduction
ESC is GM's name for the body stability control system. All GM domestic models are equipped with ESC system, such as Buick Regal and Chevrolet Mai Rui Bao. And Ford Mavericks and Wings. The principle and control mode of ESC(ElectronicStabilityControl) are the same as ESP system, and the systems produced by Delphi and Trina are both named ESC.
The main function of electronic stability control system is to be particularly sensitive to oversteer or understeer. For example, if the car turns left and oversteers when it is slippery (the sensor feels too anxious when turning on the right), it will have a sense of direction, and when it slips, it will quickly brake the right front wheel to restore adhesion, and produce the opposite torque to keep the car in the original lane.
Cross medal for outstanding service
Because the name of ESP has been registered by Bosch in Germany. Therefore, electronic stability systems developed by other companies can only use other names. For example, BMW DSC. Its performance is similar to ESP of Bosch Company in Germany, which can not only ensure the stability of the vehicle, but also ensure the traction of all wheels when starting or accelerating. It can detect the initial signs of oversteer or understeer, and DSC will take action to prevent the vehicle from wagging its tail.
VSC
brief introduction
The full name of VSC is VehicleStabilityControl, which is Toyota's name for the body stability control system. As an auxiliary control system of the vehicle, VSC can control the side slip caused by slamming the steering wheel or slippery road surface. When the sensor detects the side slip of the vehicle, the system can automatically control the braking and engine power of each wheel.
VSC can monitor the vehicle dynamic information provided by various sensors at any time during the vehicle running, so as to know the current situation of the vehicle. When the car body skids, the information of each sensor is different from that of the steady driving, so the system judges the vehicle skidding, automatically intervenes in the control of the vehicle, and corrects the vehicle dynamics with the throttle and brake controller. Because all the skidding phenomena are caused by some wheels exceeding the adhesion that the wheels can bear, the VSC system developed for the skidding problem can provide a high standard of active safety.
When the grip of the front wheel or the rear wheel reaches the limit, the steering stability of the car will be greatly affected. When the vehicle turns, if the front wheel reaches the grip limit first, it will cause understeer. At this time, the driver can't reduce the turning radius no matter how he hits the steering wheel, so it is difficult to follow the car and the steering fails. However, if the rear wheel reaches the adhesion limit first, it will cause tail flick and the vehicle itself will become unstable. VSC system can brake different wheels independently, so that the vehicle can generate corresponding turning torque and avoid the phenomenon of pushing the head or swinging the tail.
In order to restrain the front wheel side slip, first brake the rear wheel to generate inward rotation motion, and then brake the four wheels to reduce the vehicle speed to a certain level to balance the rotation motion and make the steering within the steering force range. When the rear wheel slips, the outer front wheel is braked to rotate outward, which ensures the stability of the car.
VSA
brief introduction
VSA is the abbreviation of VehicleStabilityAssist, which is the name of Honda and Acura for electronic stability control system. Its function and principle are the same as ESC, which makes the car more stable and safe when changing lanes or cornering.
VSM
brief introduction
VSM is the modern name of electronic stability control system in South Korea, and its function is the same as ESC, except that modern manufacturers call it VSM. VSM vehicle stability control system combines ESC and MDPS (modern electric power steering system), and applies correct power to the steering wheel through MDPS according to road conditions and ESC working conditions.
Pulse spacing modulation (abbreviation for pulse spacing modulation)
brief introduction
PSM is Porsche's name for the body stability control system, and the full name is Porsche Stability Management System (PSM), which can keep the vehicle stable even when the dynamic performance is close to the limit. Sensors continuously monitor the driving direction, vehicle speed, swing speed and lateral acceleration of the vehicle. PSM can use this information to calculate the actual driving direction at any given time. If the vehicle starts to oversteer or understeer, PSM will selectively brake the wheels to stabilize the vehicle.
VDIM
brief introduction
VDIM is the abbreviation of Vehicle Dynamic Integrated Management, which is a vehicle dynamic integrated management system on Toyota Crown and Lexus, and belongs to one of the electronic stability control systems. Its principle is to integrate the existing functions of ABS, TRC and VSC, which are controlled separately, into one system for unified control, so that the automobile has both ideal sports performance and advanced functions with high active safety.
The VDIM system obtains data from many sensors placed in every key corner of the car, and grasps driving information such as wheel speed, braking resistance and body movement. Vehicle dynamic integrated management system integrates several stability and safety systems, such as anti-lock braking system, electronic braking force distribution system, traction control system, automobile stability system and electronic power steering system. , can achieve the best state that single setting and independent operation can't match.
For example, when a car turns on a slippery road, it is easy to slip. At this time, by controlling the output power of the engine and braking control, the slip can be controlled, and through active steering coordination control, the VGRS variable transmission ratio steering system will control the steering angle of the front wheels to keep the vehicle in a stable posture.
the stability of traction control system
brief introduction
Stability Trak is another name for vehicle electronic stability control system of General Motors, which is basically similar to ESC principle. Generally, this name will be called on imported general motors, such as GMC cars and imported Cadillac.
AdvanceTrac
brief introduction
ADVANceTrac with anti-rollover stability control technology? Is the name of Ford electronic stability control system technology. The system includes ABS anti-lock braking system, traction control system (TCS), electronic stability control system (ESC) and anti-rollover stability control system (RSC? ), the system can effectively avoid vehicle sideslip and rollover, and protect the driver's safety in all directions.
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