The following mainly introduces the Browning pistol made in Belgium. There are many types of Browning pistols manufactured by the Belgian FN state-owned arsenal, including military pistols, police pistols and pocket pistols, with calibers of 6.35mm, 7.65mm and 9mm. The main automatic methods of pistols include free-action and Short recoil barrel. The Belgian Browning M1900 7.65mm pistol is a free-action automatic pistol and has been patented. This is the world's first free-action automatic pistol. In 1900, Belgium's FN state-owned arsenal obtained a production concession and began manufacturing. The pistol was listed as a standard pistol by the Belgian army. The full name of the gun is: Browning M1900 7.65mm pistol. This type of pistol flowed into China more before liberation, and is called a "gun brand pistol" in our country.
The Browning M1900 pistol consists of a barrel, a sleeve, a grip and a magazine. It fires 7 ．65mm semi-rimmed Browning pistol cartridge. The barrel has 6 rifling leads of approximately 230mm. The front end of the slide is equipped with a front sight and the rear end has a "V" shaped notch rear sight. There are two parallel upper and lower holes in the front of the slide. The upper hole accommodates the recoil spring, the lower hole accommodates the barrel, and the firing pin and other components are at the rear of the sleeve.
The automatic process of the M1900 is: after firing, the gunpowder gas pushes the warhead forward, and at the same time pushes the sleeve backward to complete actions such as shell extraction and ejection, and compresses the recoil spring. After the slide is seated back in place, the recoil spring expands and the slide retracts, pushing the secondary bullet into the chamber. The tail end of the firing pin is blocked by the firing sear and stops moving forward. The pistol is in a ready-to-fire state. Browning Hi-Power pistols are widely used in the world. The gun's automatic mode is a short-recoil barrel type. After firing, the barrel and sleeve are buckled together and recoil a certain distance. The barrel and sleeve are detached. The barrel's further backward movement is restricted, and the sleeve Continue to sit back. The barrel locking is achieved by the rise and fall of the barrel in the vertical plane; the firing mechanism adopts an exposed hammer type; the firing mechanism has a push rod, which only works when the magazine is inserted, and can only perform semi-automatic shooting. The gun is equipped with an anti-accidental and anti-premature safety mechanism.
The Browning Hi-Power pistol was designed for the French army in response to the French army's request for a new military pistol, large capacity (French: Grand Rendement) or called high power (French: Grande Puissance). The requirements are that the weapon must be compact in size, have an ammunition capacity of at least 10 rounds, have a magazine separator (with a detachable magazine), have an external hammer, have a surface-mounted manual safety, be powerful and Simple to disassemble and reassemble, capable of killing anyone within sight within 50 meters (54.68 yards). Its final standard requirements are to fire bullets of 9 mm caliber or larger, a warhead mass of approximately 8 grams, and a muzzle velocity of 350 m/s (1,148.29 ft/s). It does all this while weighing just under 1 kg (35.27 oz, 2.2 lb).
FN commissioned John Browning to design a new military pistol that met these specifications. But because Browning had previously sold the firearms patent for his successful M1911 U.S. military semi-automatic pistol to Colt, Browning was forced to bypass the M1911 patent and redesign a completely new pistol.
In 1922, Browning developed two prototype guns using different principles in Ogden, Utah, USA. This pistol also applied for a patent in the United States on June 28, 1923, and in 1927 It was officially awarded on February 22nd. One of them is designed based on the simple recoil principle, while the other is designed based on the breech locking and barrel short recoil principle.
Both prototype guns use a newly designed double-row staggered magazine design (designed by designer Dieudonné Seve) to increase magazine capacity beyond 10 rounds without overdoing it. Increase the grip size of the pistol or make the length of the magazine protrude too long
After comparison with the state-owned Herstal, it was believed that the design using the breech locking and barrel short recoil principles was more suitable, so in The latter prototype gun design was chosen for further development and testing. The improved model shortens the length based on the prototype gun, and adds an external hammer, firing pin, manual safety and magazine safety to simplify its disassembly steps, and is fed by a 16-round double-row magazine. The state-owned Herstal Company provided the prototype gun of this design to the French Army's Versailles Review Committee in 1925 and conducted many tests and further improvements were made.
In 1928, the patents related to Colt's original M1911 pistol had expired, so Seifer integrated many of the previously patented features of Colt into the Browning Hi-Power pistol. , thus launching the Sever-Browning M1928 prototype gun. The disassembly procedure for this model is similar to that of the M1911 pistol, using the removable barrel bushing and disassembly procedure of the M1911 pistol.
By 1931, the design of the Browning Hi-Power pistol was basically finalized, using a shortened 13-round detachable double-row magazine, a curved rear grip back and a detachable barrel liner. The sleeve and sleeve are integrated into a whole. By 1934, the design of the Browning Hi-Power pistol was complete and ready for production. It was first adopted by the Belgian Army in 1935 and officially named the Browning P-35. Soon after, the Belgian police also began to equip the pistol, and then a few other countries began to equip the pistol.
However, the French army ultimately decided not to adopt this pistol. Instead, it adopted the Mle.1935 pistol, which has a similar design concept but smaller caliber and magazine capacity. The Hi-Power pistol is one of them. The most widely used military pistol since its introduction, it has been used by the armed forces of more than 50 countries.
This pistol is named "Hi-Power" (Hi-Power), which means that the detachable double-row magazine used in the gun has a capacity of 13 rounds, plus 1 in the chamber. rounds, nearly twice the bullet capacity of handguns designed at the time, such as the Ruger or Mauser 1910. High-power pistols are often referred to as "HP" (short for "Hi-Power" or "High-Power") or "GP" (short for the French name: "Grande Puissance"). Because this pistol was first introduced in 1935, it is often referred to simply as the "Browning HP-35", "GP-35", "P-35" or "Model 1935". When it was in service in Belgium and Ireland, it was sometimes called the BAP (Browning Automatic Pistol), but even in Belgium the entire pistol series is still most often referred to collectively as the "High Power".
There are also Colt and Remington Browning pistols from the United States. Let’s introduce Colt’s Browning first. The M1911 (45 pistol) is a .45 ACP caliber semi-automatic pistol produced in 1911. It was designed by American John Browning. It immediately became the standard pistol of the US military after its launch and remained in use for 74 years (1911 to 1985). Year). The M1911 was once a common weapon used by the US military on the battlefield, and has experienced World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf War.
In 1940, the U.S. military officially named the M1911 "Automatic Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911", while the improved M1911A1 launched in 1924 was named "Automatic Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911A1" , the M1911A1 during the Vietnam War was renamed "Pistol, Caliber .45, Automatic, M1911A1". During the entire service period, the United States Army produced approximately 2.7 million M1911 and M1911A1 (excluding production authorized by allies). It is very likely that It is the automatic pistol with the largest cumulative production in history. The M1911 series is also a famous product designed by John Browning based on the principle of short-stroke recoil of the barrel. Its various features also influenced other pistols launched in the 20th century. In 1904, Browning developed the first pocket model automatic pistol, the M1906, based on the M1903, firing 6.35×15.5mm semi-rim automatic pistol bullets (0.25-inch ACP), and in 1906 Officially put into production. Its successful design made it the "model" and "template" for most subsequent pocket automatic pistols.