Developing modern agriculture is the primary task of building a new socialist countryside and a breakthrough in promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Through the linkage of provinces, cities and counties and the integration of industry, academia and research, carrying out pilot demonstrations of modern agriculture is an important way for science and technology to promote modern agriculture. "Research and Demonstration of Integrated Planting and Breeding and Compound Modern Agricultural Technology in Jianyang City, Qiu District" is one of the four modern agriculture pilot demonstration projects organized by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology in the province. This project combines the development of modern agriculture in Jianyang and the construction of a new socialist country. To meet the needs of rural areas, the focus is on key technology research, technology integration and the construction of three zones around modern water-saving agriculture, goat industry, pig industry and agricultural product processing industry. The project is led by Ren Guangjun, vice president of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, as the chief expert, and integrates Sichuan Wuyou Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Sichuan Zhengdong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, and Chengdu University , the Biogas Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Sichuan Agricultural Machinery Research and Design Institute and the Jianyang Municipal People's Government and other industry-university-research-government superior forces are integrated and promoted.
Since the implementation of the project in 2007, 30 key technology experimental studies have been carried out, 8 key technologies for integrated innovative planting and efficient production, and 22 advanced practical technologies have been demonstrated and promoted. Complete the construction of a modern water-saving agricultural core area of ??409 acres, increase the output of major grain and feed crops by more than 15%, and increase water and fertilizer utilization efficiency by 20%; 30 demonstration households will be developed in the high-quality goat industry core area, and each demonstration household will produce more than 50 commercial mutton sheep annually. ; The number of breeding pigs in the core area of ??the high-quality pork industry has reached 1,050, and the number of sows in the core area is 1,050. It can produce 3,600 sows and 15,000 commercial piglets annually, with an average annual slaughter of 1.35 commercial pigs. 10,000 heads, with a slaughter rate of 167% and a pig-feed-to-meat ratio of 2.9:1. 11 new products were developed and 9 patents were applied for, including 5 invention patents. It has formulated 4 industry standards and won 4 national, provincial and ministerial science and technology progress awards, including 1 second prize of the national science and technology progress award. A modern agricultural development model has been initially established that combines industry, academia and research, with enterprises as the main body, scientific research institutions as the backbone, and professional associations actively participating.
1. Modern water-saving agriculture
1. Integrated research on rice field mulching and moisture-preserving farming technology (1) Conservation tillage drainage A study on the dynamic changes of nitrogen in rice field soil found that under flooded conditions, the NO3-N content in leakage water was higher than the NH4+-N content. Within 1 week after fertilization, ammonium nitrogen changes greatly. With the hydrolysis, nitrification and absorption of crops of urea, the ammonium nitrogen content in soil leakage water gradually decreases and becomes stable, only increasing during the top dressing period. Nitrate nitrogen also showed similar changes, but there was a certain lag in time.
(2) Yield-increasing effect of straw mulching under different farming systems: Full straw mulching treatment can increase wheat yield by 4.9% to 7.2%. When used as wheat, full straw mulching can increase rice yield by 2.7% to 9.8%, and when used as rapeseed, it can increase yield by 3.2% to 7.4%. Among them, rice plowing and transplanting mulching and full straw return to the field have the best yield increase effect.
(3) Research results on the yield increase effect and recovery rate of different agricultural films show that the 0.004mm first-level film is not easy to break, has better water retention and warming effects, and its net income per mu is higher than that of the third-level film More than 30 yuan, and the first-level film has a high recovery rate after rice harvest.
(4) Rice drought-resistant varieties were screened and 5 rice drought-resistant combinations were screened out: G46A/6682, Neixiang 5A/7329, G46A/6670, Jin 23A/6739 and G46A/6673***. There are 8 combinations including 5A/6680 with good yield but medium water saving and drought resistance.
2. Integration of dry land coverage and moisture conservation with water-saving and high-yield cultivation technology
(1) The rain-friendly and efficient grain and grass rotation model is optimized and integrated with potatoes suitable for sloping farmland // Amaranthus glabra / The output value of the corn/sweet potato planting model reached 1,881.2 yuan/mu, which was 19.5% higher than the traditional wheat/corn/potato model.
(2) Research on ridge tillage directional rotation technology has found that soil thickness is an important factor affecting crop yields on slope farmland. Therefore, the use of ridge sowing and furrow cover tillage technology can significantly increase the yield of each crop and annual grain.
Among them, at a soil thickness of 100cm, the technology of ridge sowing and furrow mulching + straw returning to the field and the ridge sowing and furrow mulching + straw crushing and returning to the field technology respectively increased the annual grain yield by 3.56% and 3.56% respectively compared with the traditional cultivation technology (ploughing and ridge farming + no mulching). 12.31%.
(3) Screening of new drought-resistant and water-saving corn varieties, Zhenghong 311, Zhongdan 808, Zhenghong 102 and Chengdan 30, which are suitable for Jianyang City, have increased yields respectively compared with Sichuandan 15 42.73%, 35.47%, 31.00% and 25.85%.
(4) Identification and selection of new drought-tolerant and high-yield wheat varieties. A comparative screening test of 9 wheat varieties was carried out. In terms of yield, there are significant differences between varieties. Chuanmai 42 has the highest yield, followed by Chuanmai 44. It shows strong drought resistance, barrenness tolerance and high yield characteristics, with yields increased by 32.1% and 27.2% respectively compared with Chuanong 18.
(5) Water-saving and high-yield cultivation technology for hilly dryland wheat. Under the cultivation conditions of sufficient bottom moisture and film mulching, the wheat yield reaches 276kg/mu, which is 8.9% higher than without mulching. This shows that the key to high and stable wheat yield in hilly dryland is firstly sowing with sufficient moisture, and secondly covering and retaining water.
3. Integration of orchard intensive high-efficiency water-saving technology
(1) Screening of new materials for fruit tree tray covering. The best material for fruit tree tray covering is LS ground cloth, whose water retention effect is the same as that of LS ground cloth. The mulch film is suitable and is conducive to rainwater infiltration, preventing the growth of weeds in the tree disk and reducing the use of herbicides in the orchard. The annual usage cost is only 50 yuan/acre, which is equivalent to black mulch film.
(2) Screening of drought-resistant rootstocks and varieties initially selected the drought-resistant rootstock GF667 for stone fruit trees, and the drought-resistant peach varieties Zhongyou No. 4, Zhongyou No. 5, and Xinchuan Zhongdao.
(3) Water-saving fertilization technology A practical and feasible high-pressure fertilizer-water integrated fertilization technology for the rhizosphere of fruit trees is proposed.
2. High-quality meat goat industry
1. Selection and application of excellent breeds and hybrid combinations. The famous foreign meat goats A cross-combination experiment was carried out using the Boer goat as the male parent and the excellent local breed Jianyang big-eared sheep as the female parent. 320 litters were cross-bred and 240 litters were bred with local sheep. 398 Boza generation lambs have been produced, and the local big-eared sheep have been 335. The measurement results of the growth and development of the first-generation hybrid sheep showed that the birth weight, 2-month-old weight, and 4-month-old weight of the first-generation hybrid rams were increased by 34.02%, 8.27%, and 47.80% respectively compared with the big-eared rams. The birth weight, 2-month-old weight, and 4-month-old weight of the first-generation hybrid ewes were increased by 37.55%, 40.26%, and 45.45% respectively compared with the big-ear sheep ewes. The daily weight gain of first-generation hybrid rams and ewes from birth to 4 months of age reached 171.75g ??and 148.42g, which was 50.22% and 46.95% higher than that of big-eared rams and ewes of the same age, respectively.
2. Integration of efficient and healthy feeding and management technology
(1) Feed preparation technology: dry grass, sweet potato vines, and peanut stalks have poor palatability. Sheep do not like to eat them and need to be prepared before use. Feeding. Preparation mainly involves cutting and crushing, which can not only reduce waste, but also increase feed intake. Generally, it is cut into small pieces of 3 to 4cm, and the grass hay and leguminous hay are mixed as much as possible before feeding. The chopped hay and concentrate are mixed according to a certain proportion, and then mixed with water to moisten. This simple preparation technology improves the palatability of the feed, increases the feed intake of the sheep, and has a very good feeding effect.
(2) High-efficiency dietary formulas for lambs and mutton sheep at different stages have been formulated for 12-18kg, 18kg and above, and lactating ewes. Among them, the best dietary formula for lactating ewes is: 53% corn, 23% wheat bran, 11% soybean meal, 7% oil drying, 2.6% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% salt, 1% yeast powder, and 100g AD3 powder ( 100kg), trace element additive 400g (100kg).
(3) The preparation technology of supplementary concentrate for fattening house-fed lambs. The preparation technology of supplementary concentrate for fattening house-fed lambs using straw as roughage is proposed, which can make the daily weight gain of 3 to 4-month-old lambs reach 180g. above.
3. Integration of prevention and control technologies for high-efficiency and healthy goat diseases
(1) Veterinary epidemic prevention and hygiene standards standardize epidemic prevention and health facilities in goat farms, and formulate a veterinary epidemic prevention and health system and Operating specifications, veterinary management and service systems.
(2) The main immunization program for goats raised in houses is formulated to immunize sheep against fast disease, sheep snipe, sheep enterotoxin, hemorrhagic lamb, sheep dysentery and sheep black plague in March, and immunize against sheep pox and sheep plague in April. No. 5 disease, immune to infectious pleuropneumonia in May, immune to sheep pox and No. 5 disease in September, and immune program for house-fed goats to be immune to infectious pleuropneumonia in October, and has been demonstrated and applied in Sichuan Zhengdong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group.
(3) Prevention and control technologies for major parasitic diseases in goats
We have formulated guidelines for the prevention and control of nematodes, fascioliasis, taeniasis, protozoa, mites, tick diseases, ?Preventive measures against surface parasites such as lice and hairlice.
4. The layout, facilities and sheep house design of an efficient and healthy sheep farm
Completed the formulation of various technical parameters for the sheep farm. For example, the ewe sheep house area is 1.4m2/ewe, the sports field area is 2.8m2/ewe, the neck frame width is 40~50cm, and the stall height is 0.9~1.2m; the construction of the farrowing room requires the construction of a single pen for mothers and piglets, and the area of ??the farrowing pen is 2.5m2. The number of farrowing pens is 10% to 15% of the base ewe flock.
5. Screening of suitable forage varieties and high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques
(1) Screening and breeding of silage corn varieties specially used for sheep farming, using straw IVMD and CP, and low-content straw ADF And NDF, high content of grain CP are used as identification and selection indicators, and a number of high-yielding, high-quality silage corn varieties and new combinations are screened out. Among them, Chengqing 1 is the most outstanding, with an average biological dry yield of 991.2kg/mu, which is better than that of Sichuandan 13. The yield increased by 15.8%, and the grain yield per mu was 510.5kg, which was 7.6% higher than the control.
(2) Forage planting model assembly and integration, using wheat/corn/tiaowei as the control, using empty rows in winter to plant forage, significantly increasing forage yield. The crops that increased the fresh grass production the most throughout the year were wheat/Amaranthus glabrata-goddy grass/chicory (sweet potato), with both high and low platforms increasing their yields by more than 300%. The biggest increase in dry matter yield throughout the year was the treatment of wheat/milk-leafed purple-leafed amaranth-godweed/sweet potato, with an increase of more than 40% at both high and low stations.
(3) Research on high-quality and high-yield forage cultivation technology shows that the yield of fresh ryegrass increases with the increase of density (seeding rate). The grass yield of 3kg seeding rate is 31.78% higher than that of 1kg and 2kg seeding respectively. % and 9.05%. The amount of grass produced decreased as the sowing date was postponed. The sowing on October 20 increased the yield by 20.85% and 31.78% respectively compared with the sowing on November 5 and November 20.
3. High-quality pig industry
1. Key technologies for standardized and healthy pig breeding
(1 ) Excellent and efficient combination screening and breeding and mating technology integration screened out 2 high-efficiency hybrid combinations of DLY and DYL that exceeded the project's technical indicators, with an average feed-to-meat ratio of 2.75, an age of 163.2 days reaching 100kg body weight, and a carcass lean meat rate of 66.4%. Proposed breeding and mating technologies including simple and easy identification of sows in heat, two inseminations during estrus and ultrasonic early pregnancy diagnosis.
(2) The application of concentrated feed in sweet potato pig raising diet is compared with the traditional rural pig raising diet (30% sweet potato + 70% corn), 30% sweet potato + 45% corn + 25% concentrated feed A and 30% sweet potato + 45% corn + 25% concentrated feed B, the daily weight gain increased by 48.03% and 67.43% respectively; the daily feed intake increased by 32.90% and 39.35% respectively; the feed-to-meat ratio decreased by 10.20% and 16.86%.
(3) Swine health care, disease monitoring and safe medication technology are integrated to carry out swine fever, swine erysipelas, swine pneumonia, foot and mouth disease, streptococcus disease, piglet yellow and white scour, swine parvovirus disease, swine B A study on the impact of the number of immunization times and immunization time on the immune effect of major diseases such as encephalitis, porcine pseudorabies, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. The results show that pigs immunized against foot-and-mouth disease twice have a high detection rate of immune antibodies and maintain The time is also longer, which can ensure that the antibody level of fattening pigs reaches the protective level when they are released from slaughter; changing prenatal immunity to pre-breeding immunity can overcome the side effects of prenatal immunity causing sow abortion. Screening out the highly sensitive drugs cephalosporin V, florfenicol and other drugs for injection or using apramycin at 100-150mg/kg and florfenicol at 20-40mg/kg, which can effectively prevent and treat piglets. For yellow and white diarrhea, the cure rate can reach more than 85%.
(4) The farm design and renovation plan is formulated to integrate modern pig production technology processes, and proposes 20 to 30, 50 to 100, 100 to 200, and 500 sow farms. The self-breeding and self-breeding farm has a standardized design; at the same time, a reasonable renovation plan for the old pens is proposed based on the actual situation of Jianyang.
2. Harmless treatment of feces and production of bio-organic fertilizer. A set of technology for producing bio-organic fertilizer or edible fungi base material using pig manure as raw material has been proposed. The pig manure dehydration process has applied for a patent; Agriculture The "Wastewater Denitrification and Biogas Desulfurization Coupling Process" developed by the Ministry of Biogas Research and Development has applied for a national invention patent (patent application number 200710048384.4); completed the development and operation tests of key single machines such as pig manure fermentation equipment and drying equipment, and applied for equipment patents 3 Project, the project products have been applied in Shuangliu and Meishan in the province. A biogas slurry post-treatment system was designed and built at the Wuyou Yucheng Dual Pig Breeding Farm in Jianyang, with a daily processing capacity of 5 to 10 m3 of biogas slurry. Three new biogas digesters were built at the Wuli Level 2 Pig Breeding Farm of Jianyang Ruiyi Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., with a total capacity of more than 700 m3. The Wuyou Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Company has completed the construction of biogas slurry collection, supply and discharge pipe network and supporting equipment, and built 6 liquid storage tanks with a total capacity of 1,800m3. After filtering and purification, it will be used to irrigate farmland, basically solving the outlet of biogas slurry. question.
4. Agricultural products processing industry
1. Integrate key technologies for the production of high-quality and safe cold fresh pork and mutton to develop new meat products There are more than 10 kinds of products in 5 categories, 4 invention patents have been applied for, and 3 product enterprise standards have been formulated; through technological transformation, the annual slaughtering and processing capacity of Wuyou Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Company and Austar Company has reached 200,000 and 50,000, respectively. More than 10,000 heads; more than 60 high-quality and safe cold meat and convenience meat product stores have been established in Chengdu and Jianyang respectively.
2. Special wheat flour processing technology
(1) General noodle processing technology. The test results of the influence of different additives on the quality of general noodles show that the use of special wheat flour as the main material due to its flour gluten If the value is low, the amount of water added should be controlled at about 30%. The order of priority that affects the quality of noodle cooking is salt, gur gum, and compound alkali. The best level combination is 2% table salt, 0.3% gur gum, and 0.15% compound alkali.
(2) The test results of the influence of different additives on the quality of mid-range noodles in mid-range noodle processing technology show that 40% special second flour and 60% special first mixed flour are used as the main materials, and the amount of water added should be controlled at 35% about. The order of priority that affects the cooking quality of noodles is salt, carboxymethylcellulose, and compound alkali. The best level combination is 2% salt, 0.3% carboxymethylcellulose, and 0.15% compound alkali.
(3) High-end noodle processing technology The impact of different additives on the quality of high-end noodles. The test results show that when Teyi powder is used as the main material, the amount of water added should be controlled at about 38%. The order of priority that affects the quality of noodle cooking is salt, gur gum, sodium phosphate, and compound alkali. The best level combination is 2% table salt, 0.2% gur gum, 0.2% sodium phosphate, and 0.1% compound alkali.
5. Modern agricultural development model
1. Modern water-saving agriculture focuses on the development of "science and technology project-driven" and " "Typical Demonstration Diffusion Type", using promotion models such as "experts + associations + farmers", "enterprises + experts + associations + farmers". The association leads the project, and the association connects with farmers. "Experts" provide farmers with varieties, pesticides, fertilizers and other agricultural materials, and unify technical procedures. The "association" signs orders for farmers and organizes unified purchases. For example, in Dongxi Town, Jianyang, which implements "experts + associations + farmers", the per capita annual income of farmers has increased by 500 yuan.
2. The high-quality pig industry focuses on the development of "leading industries" and adopts models such as "enterprise + base + association + farmers" and "enterprise + farmers + market". With processing enterprises as the backbone and interest mechanisms as the link, we will integrate breeding, breeding, and processing, and integrate production, processing, and marketing. We will fully integrate the comparative advantages of "Sichuan Pig" in terms of technology, cost, market, and brand to achieve a high-quality pork industry. By leaping towards scientific breeding, intensive processing and high rates of return, farmers can obtain stable economic returns.
3. The high-quality goat industry focuses on the development of "leading enterprises driven" and adopts the "enterprise + farmer + delivery foster care, etc." model.
With the enterprise as the leader, it provides farmers with small livestock, concentrated feed, animal disease prevention vaccines and feeding technology standards. After reaching the quality standards agreed in the agreement, the enterprise will recycle it. According to a survey, a farmer can earn a net income of 80 to 100 yuan from raising a kid for 9 months until it is ready for slaughter. If the average household raises 10 kid goats, each farmer's annual income can increase by 1,000 to 1,300 yuan.
6. Construction of core area, demonstration area and radiation area
1. Core area
(1) In the core area of ??high-quality goat industry, 500 demonstration households have been established around the production needs of Zhengdong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group, with more than 2,500 commercial mutton sheep produced annually.
(2) In the core area of ??the high-quality pork industry, 12 new breeding pig production workshops of various types will be built on the basis of the original scale, with a construction area of ??3,508m2, and supporting construction of veterinary diagnosis rooms, artificial insemination rooms, and fecal sewage treatment rooms. There are 1,050 sows in the core area, 3,600 sows can be produced annually, 15,000 commercial piglets can be produced, and 10,500 commercial pigs can be slaughtered, with a slaughter rate of 167% and a pig-to-meat ratio of 2.9. :1.
(3) The modern water-saving agriculture core area has established a 50-acre rice covering water conservation technology demonstration core area in Xinsheng Village and Yanggong Village, Dongxi Town, Jianyang City, and a dryland moisture conservation area has been established in Wangu Village, Dongxi Town. The core area for fertilizer farming technology demonstration is 100 acres, and the modern irrigation-saving pasture is 50 acres. A modern water-saving agriculture core area of ??200 acres has been established in Yucheng Township, Dongxi Town, with a total construction area of ??400 acres. Demonstration sites for four technologies including rice mulching and water-saving cultivation, corn rain-collecting and water-saving film-side cultivation, dryland ridge sowing and furrow mulching and water-saving cultivation, and hill rain-collecting and water-saving irrigation were provided.
2. Demonstration Zone
(1) The High-Quality Goat Industry Demonstration Zone has promoted “decentralized foster care, unified requirements” among 200 farmers in Shipan Town, Danjingshan Township, Jianyang City and other places. , centralized repurchase" goat fostering model, with 11,000 commercial sheep sold annually.
(2) The production situation of 157 piglet breeding farms (households) and pig fattening farms (households) in the high-quality pork industry demonstration zone in Xinshi, Dongxi, Sancha, Jiajia and other towns Conduct research. The demonstration area has developed 87 piglet breeding farms with a capacity of 30 to 90 sows and introduced 1,650 breeding pigs; 34 fattening farms (households) with a capacity of 300 to 2,000 pigs have been developed, with an annual production of 30,000 high-quality commercial pigs.
(3) The modern water-saving agricultural demonstration zone is organically integrated with projects such as the "Modern Water-saving Agricultural Technology Demonstration and Promotion" and the "Food Science and Technology High Yield Project" and has been established in Yanggong and Liangshui, Dongxi Town, Jianyang City , Dahe, Jianshan, Xinsheng, and Songbai villages, with a total area of ??1,200 acres of concentrated contiguous construction demonstration area. On-site training meetings were held during critical periods such as sowing, raising seedlings (seedlings), transplanting, and drought resistance of rice and corn. About 12 times, 3 on-site inspections were organized, 750 farmers were trained, and more than 2,500 copies of materials were distributed.
3. Radiation area
(1) The high-quality goat industry radiation area will be further demonstrated and promoted in the towns of Shipan, Shiqiao, Jiajia, Danjing and Sancha in Jianyang City. "Household foster care" model, with 32,000 commercial sheep produced annually.
(2) The high-quality pork industry radiation zone is led by Sichuan Wuyou Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. and adopts a six-party cooperation mechanism to drive pig raising in Xinshi, Dongxi, Sancha, Jiajia and other towns in Jianyang City The level of pigs has been comprehensively improved, and the number of commercial pigs in stock has reached 240,000.
(3) The modern water-saving agricultural radiation zone promotes water-saving and high-yield rice technology in 15,000 acres in Dongxi, Qinglong, Hefeng, Sanxing, Sancha and other towns in Jianyang City, and water-saving corn cultivation technology in 3.94 acres Ten thousand acres, including 13,600 acres of wheat, totaling 70,000 acres.
(Correspondence: ① Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066 ② Information Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences)