First, opportunities for major reforms and major adjustments. The 2008 international financial crisis not only exposed the huge structural problems facing the world economy, but also announced the end of China's traditional growth model embedded in the world economic pattern. High energy consumption and pollution caused by high investment, socioeconomic conflicts caused by income distribution gaps, and insufficient innovation caused by excessive regulation have become stumbling blocks for China to achieve national prosperity, people's prosperity, and national rejuvenation. The people deeply realize that major reforms and major adjustments are the only options to rebuild the cornerstone of China's social and economic development. The formation of this kind of "big reform" and "big adjustment" consciousness is the greatest gift that the "new normal" brings to the next round of China's economic development. It gives China a good period of opportunity in the great wave of global structural reform. .
Second, big consumption, big market and opportunities to build “big country economic effect”. While China's GDP ranks second in the world, its market share and consumption scale have also increased significantly. China's demand has become the most important determinant of world demand, and the "economic effect of a big country" has begun to fully emerge. First, a comprehensive scale effect and scope effect have appeared in the market, and the improvement of production efficiency has effectively offset the increase in various costs, so that China’s share of the world market has not declined; second, consumption has begun to rise, and China’s consumption scale is still in line with With an average annual growth rate of 13%, China has begun to shift from "world factory" to "world market". Third, China's "world factory" has begun to connect with China's "world market". Under the influence of domestic and foreign trade integration, China's economic stability and ability to withstand world economic fluctuations have greatly increased.
Third, “great depth” and opportunities to build diversified growth poles. Although by the end of 2014, indicators of China's various industrial structures have marked the beginning of the transformation of China's economy into the post-industrialization stage, the dividends of industrialization have begun to fade. However, we must see the depth and width of China's economy. That is, although the "Yangtze River Delta", "Pearl River Delta" and "Beijing-Tianjin Region" have begun to fully shift to service industry-driven, the industrialization of the vast central and western and northeastern regions is still developing at a high speed. mid-term stage. This not only provides effective room for industrial upgrading in the east, but also provides opportunities for accelerated development in the central and western regions. Therefore, the gradient transfer of China's industries has not only greatly slowed down the decline of China's industrialization dividends, but also made China's spatial layout more scientific by building diversified growth poles.
Fourth, “big talents” and opportunities to build the second demographic dividend. The arrival of the Lewis turning point and the approach of an aging society mean that China's traditional demographic dividend has begun to fade. However, it must be noted that the current problems of "difficulty in recruiting workers" and "expensive labor" are mainly highlighted in the field of migrant workers. China's employment pattern is characterized by the coexistence of "difficulty in finding employment for college students" and "shortage of migrant workers". The pressure of more than 7 million college students to graduate every year has caused the starting salary of college students to equal the average salary of migrant workers. This is precisely the key to China's transformation from a country with a large population to a country with strong human resources. This shows that a large number of highly educated people have prepared a large number of high-quality, low-cost industrial reserve forces for China's industrial upgrading. The second demographic dividend centered on college students and human resources has begun to replace the traditional demographic dividend centered on migrant workers and low-end labor forces.
Fifth, “big innovation” and opportunities to build technological dividends. Carefully sorting out various indicators of China's technological innovation and development, we will find that while the extensive development model has come to an end, China's innovative development model has emerged: First, patent applications have increased significantly, reaching 2.577 million in 2013, a growth rate of It was 15.9%, accounting for 32.1% of the world total, ranking first in the world; second, R&D expenditure broke through the low-level threshold, reaching 2.09% of GDP in 2014, with a growth rate of 12.4%, entering a high-speed, medium-intensity stage; Third, the activity of the technology market has increased significantly. In 2013, the technology market transaction volume reached 746.9 billion yuan, a growth rate of 16%; fourth, the export of high-tech products increased significantly, with a total amount of US$660.3 billion, accounting for 30% of total exports; fifth, Firstly, the number of scientific and technological papers published abroad reached nearly 300,000 in 2013, making China one of the world's largest countries in scientific and technological papers. Sixthly, China has the largest number of scientific and technological researchers in the world. The above parameters show that as long as the scientific and technological system is further reformed and various innovative and entrepreneurial activities are encouraged, China's technological innovation dividends will gradually be realized.
"Made in China" began to transform into "Innovation in China", transitioning from labor-intensive manufacturing to knowledge-intensive industries.
Sixth, “Great Upgrading” and opportunities to build an upgraded version of China’s economy. Under the influence of market, technology, manpower and other aspects, China's economy has begun to show the momentum of comprehensive upgrading: First, when the per capita GDP is close to 8,000 US dollars, consumption has begun to undergo a substantial upgrade, starting from the behavior of food, clothing and housing in the past 30 years. The main body's industrial consumption has shifted to post-industrial consumption, which is dominated by the consumption of high-end manufactured goods and services; secondly, driven by demand, industries have begun to shift from manufacturing to service industries, and from labor-intensive industries to knowledge and technology-intensive industries. . The embryonic form of China's upgraded economy is beginning to emerge.
Seventh, "Great Opening" and the opportunities of China's economic global layout. The overall improvement of China's economic strength and the changes in the global economic landscape brought about by the 2008 international financial crisis have given China unprecedented opportunities to carry out large-scale opening up and global layout. First, China has begun to shift from the "commodity export era" to the more advanced "capital export era". Overseas mergers and acquisitions have advanced by leaps and bounds, with an average growth rate of more than 30%. The total foreign investment has exceeded 100 billion US dollars in 2014; second, regional The construction of the free trade area comprehensively strengthens the sectoral effect of China's opening up; the third is to carry out the comprehensive docking of China's space strategy and opening strategy with the "One Belt and One Road" as the core, and create China's new international cooperation pattern through interconnection; the fourth is to use the BRICS Bank The establishment of international financial institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund has broken the pattern of international finance dominated by Europe and the United States. These expansions have effectively expanded China's resource allocation space and profit model, and will surely bring China's development into a new stage.
Of course, to seize the above seven major opportunities and transform various strategic opportunities into real growth and development, this not only requires us to effectively solve various problems and challenges faced by the "new normal", but also We also need to build an institutional system suitable for the next round of economic development on the basis of comprehensively deepening reforms.