T-34 tank is a medium-sized tank designed by Mikhail ilych Koshkin, an international factory designer made in Kharkov, Soviet Union during World War II.
From the 1940s to 1950s, the Soviet Union produced 84,070 vehicles, mainly of two types: T-34/76 of 76.2mm tank gun and T-34/85 of 85mm tank gun. Its design idea of adopting inclined armor has a far-reaching and revolutionary impact on the development of tanks in later generations.
Soviet T34 is recognized by historians as the best tank in World War II. It is not only large in number but also very reliable in performance, powerful, and excellent in armor and firepower.
technical characteristics
thermal power
When the tank guns in European countries are still at the level of 37-50 mm, only French B 1 and German IV are equipped with 37-50 mm short barrel guns, and T-34 is equipped with 76 mm L/30.5 L- 1 1 tank guns,194/KLOC-0. When the F-34 cannon uses ordinary armor-piercing projectiles, it can penetrate 69 mm homogeneous steel plate at a distance of 500 meters and 6 1000 meters. None of the German tanks at that time could resist such fierce fire. F-34 cannon can also launch high-explosive bombs and fragment bombs to attack soft targets, so it has the ability to support infantry attacks. A T-34 tank usually has 77 rounds of ammunition, including 19 rounds of armor-piercing ammunition, 53 rounds of high-explosive ammunition and 5 rounds of armor-piercing ammunition. The ammunition capacity of the improved T-34 of 1943 was increased to 108 rounds.
deck
T-34 tanks are balanced in armor, firepower and power. The thickness of the body armor is 45 mm, which is equivalent to German III and IV tanks, but the oblique angle of the front armor is 32 degrees and the side armor is 49 degrees. The turret is a cast hexagon, with a front armor thickness of 60 mm and a side surface of 45 mm The oblique angle of the car body extends to the turret, so the T-34 is almost a right triangle when viewed from the front. Inclined armor has two advantages. First, the shell is easy to bounce off after hitting (that is, "ricochet"), and its power is greatly reduced; Secondly, according to the formula of American armor-piercing projectile, the inclination angle is certain, and the penetration and caliber of armor-piercing projectile are the same. Therefore, when shooting with a German 75mm gun, the front armor of the T-34 tank with a thickness of 45mm and an oblique angle of 32 degrees is equivalent to 130mm, and the side armor with an oblique angle of 49 degrees is equivalent to 100mm. This frontal armor directly led to the fact that any artillery equipped with the German tanks of 194 1 could not penetrate within 500 meters, and only the German 88 guns could stop it.
electric power system
Christie's suspended T-34
Soviet designer Morozov specially developed the famous 12-cylinder 39-liter V-2 diesel engine for T-34, with a power of 500 HP, which made the maximum speed of the expressway reach 55 km/h. The volume of the V-2 diesel engine is1.87m 3, and the volume of the whole motor part is 4.4m^3. The engine auxiliary equipment and radiator are relatively compact [/. Another advantage of V-2 diesel engine is fuel saving. The fuel tank capacity of the T-34 tank is 460 liters, and a reserve fuel tank with a capacity of 39 liters is hung on each side of the car body, and the journey can reach 540 kilometers. In contrast, the maximum range of the German IV tank is only 160 km, while the Tiger tank needs to refuel when it runs 100 km.
The third advantage lies in the poor volatility of diesel oil, which can not be ignited by ordinary flame at room temperature, and the reliability is greatly improved.
The fourth diesel engine has strong power. As we all know, the actual power of a vehicle comes from the horsepower around the wheels, that is, the torque. According to the formula: T=9550P/n, that is, torque =9500 times power divided by speed; Under the same power, the lower the engine speed, the greater the torque and the stronger the power. Because of this, the speed of diesel engine is lower than that of gasoline engine, so the output is much stronger than that of gasoline engine. Modern heavy vehicles basically use diesel engines. Although the power of the T-34 main engine is 500 HP, its speed is as low as 1800 rpm, while the Maibakh 230-P30 gasoline engine carried by the German Tiger has 700 HP, but its speed is as high as 3,000 rpm. Therefore, the powerful torque of T-34 is as high as 2653 Nm, while that of Dehu is only 2228 Nm. The power of a 500-horsepower diesel engine is much better than that of a 700-horsepower gasoline engine. This is common sense and indisputable.
hang
The T-34, like the previous BT-7, uses the Christie suspension patented by the United States. Christie suspension is an independent suspension device with large diameter bearing wheels and spiral springs. This suspension consists of two interconnected cylindrical spiral springs. The adjustable horizontal coil spring is located at the front and the vertical coil spring is located at the rear. This design has a longer shock absorption stroke, can withstand severe ups and downs and strengthen off-road performance. The track width of T-34 is nearly 50 cm, while the track width of German tanks is usually only 30 cm. The above advantages make the T-34 have super off-road maneuverability, which is the hardware foundation of the Soviet armored forces' deep attack tactics. In the cold eastern front battlefield, T-34' s wide crawler allows it to gallop freely on the ice sheet with a depth of one meter, and is called "the king in the snow" by the Germans.
Member layout
The body of the T-34 tank is welded and divided into three parts. The driver and electromechanical personnel are located in the front of the fuselage, in the middle of the fuselage on the battle cabin, and the engine and transmission device are installed in the back of the fuselage.
Turret is a cast structure, located above the middle of the car body. There are three crew members in the turret of T-34/85. The conductor is on the left, the gunner is under the conductor and the loader is on the right. There are two domed vents behind the top of the turret. T-34/76 adopts a double turret, and the space is narrow. The general gunner is also the commander, and others also have loaders.