Railway signaling equipment, including relays, signals, track circuits, switch machines, etc., form the basis of the railway signaling system. Their quality and reliability directly affect the performance of the signaling system. The traditional signal control system consists of relays, signals, track circuits, switch machines and some connecting cable boxes. The 6502 electrical centralized interlocking independently developed in my country is the most typical traditional signal system.
Signals include station signals, section signals, train command automation, train operation automation, hump shunting control, etc. ①Railway station signal. Within the scope of the station, signals are used to indicate the operating conditions of trains or locomotives to ensure the safety of driving and shunting. The content mainly includes station interlocking, plane shunting control, station signal remote control and remote signaling, etc. There are usually many tracks in the station and the intersections are complicated. Therefore, the signals must maintain a certain operating sequence with the switches and approaches to form an interlock. Hyundai has widely used relay centralized interlocking, as well as plane shunting control that allows trains to slip and maintain safe retreat, and station signal remote signaling systems that save cables and manpower. ②Railway section signal. It is used to protect the safety of trains in the area, mainly including area blockage, in-car signals, railway crossing protection, protection alarms and axle temperature detection, etc. Section blockage is to prevent collisions and rear-end collisions between trains running in the section. When the section adopts semi-automatic or automatic blocking, the section signal is greatly improved. At the same time, the ground signal can be introduced into the locomotive cab to form an easy-to-see in-car signal; at the crossing that intersects with the highway, crossing protection facing the highway can be set up. and protective alarms. ③ Railway traffic command automation is the application of computers and other equipment to automatically collect and process information on signaling equipment status and train operation, and issue commands to command train operation in a timely manner to achieve centralized control of dispatching. The driving automation equipment is to add train tracking and computer systems, communication equipment and fault detection equipment to the existing equipment. The main software used by the system includes train tracking, route control and operation adjustment. ④ Railway train operation automation is the use of computers to automatically supervise, control and adjust the starting, running, dispatching and parking of trains, thereby improving the safety of driving, improving operating efficiency and improving the working conditions of drivers. ⑤Hump shunting control is to control the rolling path and speed of trucks at the hump shunting yard to achieve classification, disintegration and marshalling control of trains. Control methods can be divided into non-mechanized, mechanized, semi-automated and automated hump shunting control. The development direction of railway signaling is mainly to achieve a high degree of automation and intelligence to ensure the safety and accuracy of driving and various operations, and to improve efficiency.
With the continuous rapid development of the economy, the requirements for railways are getting higher and higher. Modern railway transportation is developing towards high speed, high density and heavy load. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the signaling system. To adapt to this development trend, the signaling system also needs to be modernized. The development of modern technologies such as computer technology, network technology, and communication technology has built a platform for modernization of railway signals.