Industries controlled by the state include oil, electricity, railways, salt, tobacco, alcohol, communications, news media and banks.
In fact, it is a major industry related to people’s livelihood, national security, and economic development.
For example, banking, medical care, transportation (road and railway), communications, oil and gas, electricity, military, coal, shipping, etc.
Maintain strong state control over industries such as equipment manufacturing, automobiles, electronic information, construction, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, survey and design, technology, etc.
In the monopoly industry, we must first understand what a monopoly is. In ancient times, people did business in the market. Many industries are run by more than one businessman. Some merchants wanted to capture all the customers, so they built a high platform in the market, called a ridge. They could gain a lot of convenience and receive many customers by being condescending. This behavior is called monopoly.
Supplementary reading:
1. Hair and beauty industry
2. Bathing industry
3. Hospitals, health care, physiotherapy and other health industries
4. Funeral industry, transportation industry, petroleum, water and electricity industry
5. Various convenience stores, maintenance industry
6. Real estate industry, various service institutions
7. Education industry, tourism industry,
8. Various manufacturing industries
9. IT industry and Affiliated companies, marine fisheries and related industries
1. Complete monopoly
1. Complete monopoly market: refers to a market organization with only one manufacturer in the entire industry. More specifically, there are three main conditions for a monopoly market:
① There is only one manufacturer in the market that produces and sells goods.
②The goods produced and sold by this manufacturer do not have any close substitutes.
③It is extremely difficult or impossible for any other manufacturer to enter this industry.
2. In such a market, apart from any competitive factors, the exclusive monopoly controls the production and market sales of the entire industry. Therefore, the monopoly can control and manipulate market prices. The main reasons for the formation of a monopoly are as follows:
① The exclusive manufacturer controls the supply of all resources or basic resources for the production of a certain commodity. This monopoly on production resources excludes the possibility of other manufacturers in the economy producing the same product.
②The exclusive manufacturer has the patent right to produce a certain product. This allows the exclusive manufacturer to monopolize the production of the product for a certain period of time.
③Government concession. The government often implements monopoly policies in certain industries, such as the railway transportation sector, power supply and water supply sector, etc. Therefore, exclusive companies become monopolies in these industries.
④ Natural monopoly. The production of some industries has such characteristics: the economies of scale of production need to be fully reflected in a large output range and the corresponding production and operation level of huge capital equipment, so that the output of the entire industry is only controlled by one enterprise. It is only possible to achieve such a production scale when it comes to production. And as long as the production capacity of this enterprise is used on this scale of production, the entire market's demand for this product can be met. In the production of such products, there will always be a certain manufacturer in the industry that relies on its strong economic strength and other advantages to reach this production scale first, thus monopolizing the production and sales of the entire industry. This is a natural monopoly. In real economic life, monopoly markets almost do not exist.
In general, monopoly refers to the behavior of operators using their control of superior resources to eliminate and restrict competition. The purpose of antitrust is not to crack down on a few monopolistic companies, but to oppose the abuse of monopoly.
Legal basis:
"Anti-Monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 25 The Anti-Monopoly Law Enforcement Agency of the State Council shall Within thirty days from the date when the operator submits documents and materials that comply with the provisions of Article 23 of this Law, a preliminary review will be conducted on the reported concentration of business operators, a decision will be made on whether to implement further review, and the operator will be notified in writing. Before the Anti-Monopoly Law Enforcement Agency of the State Council makes a decision, operators shall not implement concentration. If the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency of the State Council makes a decision not to conduct further review or fails to make a decision within the time limit, operators may implement concentration.