(1) Westernization School established modern enterprises; On the premise of not changing the feudal system, we should learn advanced western technologies (only advanced western technologies, not advanced western systems and cultures). (3 points)
(2) Viewpoint: Westernization industry led the birth of national capitalism on the one hand, and caused difficulties in the development of national capitalism on the other. (2 points)
argument: the westernization school first established modern enterprises and adopted modern production methods, which opened up the social atmosphere and played a pioneering role for the later national capital. (2) The Westernization Movement induced the emergence and development of national capitalism; (1 point) For example, the Westernization Enterprise Shanghai Machine Weaving Layout and Huasheng Textile General Administration promoted the national cotton spinning industry, providing them with technology, talents and production machines. (1) The Westernization School takes advantage of its privileges to maintain the monopoly position of Westernization enterprises by reducing or exempting tax, operating patents and prohibiting Chinese businessmen from setting up similar enterprises; (1 point) It hinders the free competition of capitalism and is not conducive to the development of national capitalism. (1 point) Written statement and clear logic. (1 point)
Analysis of test questions: This question examines students' ability to interpret historical materials and demonstrate and discuss problems based on historical materials. It is easy to answer the first question by combining materials with what you have learned. "Signs of industrial revolution" is actually a way of mass production by machines, which shows that it is a westernization enterprise, and the characteristics of the westernization movement are actually "Chinese style and western use". The second question compares two new economic forms in modern times and demonstrates the viewpoint of a given material, which is a typical argument. To explain the relationship between Westernization Movement and national capitalism, on the one hand, it induced the emergence of national capitalist enterprises, but various practices in Westernization Enterprises hindered its development. Therefore, the steps of solving problems should first show their own views, and then use the relevant knowledge of Westernization Movement to demonstrate the views of materials, and pay attention to expressing them in writing.