CPU architecture
Architecture, structure, architecture, when this word is used for CPU, refers to the CPU's "way of receiving and processing signals" and the organization of its internal components. CPU architecture
can be divided into two categories at a broad level - CISC and RISC
x86
CISC is a complex instruction set computer, currently specifically referring to x86 and x86 -64 Two categories
x86 is also called IA32, which is Intel Architecture 32 (Intel32-bit architecture). Whether it is an x86 CPU produced by Intel, AMD or VIA, it is IA32. IA32 is not without patents. Instead, AMD and VIA/Cyrix obtained the rights to use IA32 through cross-patent licensing.
x86-64 is also called AMD64, and its Intel version is called EM64T (just another name). It is a 64-bit CPU architecture extended by AMD based on IA32. The reason why Intel can use it is also Cross patent licensing between Intel and AMD. x86-64 is a new architecture adopted by AMD in its latest Athlon 64 processor series, but this processor infrastructure is still IA-32, with some extensions made on the IA-32 architecture to support 64-bit programs application to further improve the computing performance of the processor. Compared with Intel's 64-bit server processor products Itanium and Itanium 2 series processor products, the biggest advantage of x86-64 is that it can be fully compatible with previous 32-bit x86 architecture applications, protecting users' previous investments; while Intel's Itanium and Itanium 2 series processors require additional software or hardware to achieve compatibility with previous 32-bit programs, so IA-32 (i.e. x86-32) and x86-64 both belong to x86, which is Intel's 32-bit x86 architecture, such as Intel's 32-bit server Xeon (Xeon) processor series, AMD's entire series, and VIA's entire series of processor products all belong to the x86 architecture
IA-64
The IA-64 architecture is a 64-bit CPU architecture that Intel and HP have jointly developed for 6 years in order to comprehensively improve the computing performance of the previous IA-32-bit processors. It is a brand-new processing technology developed specifically for the server market. It abandoned the previous x86 architecture, believing that it seriously hindered the performance improvement of the processor. Its initial application was Intel's Itanium (Itanium) series of server processors, and now the latest Itanium 2 series of processors also use this architecture. Because it cannot solve the compatibility problem with previous 32-bit applications, the application is greatly restricted. Although Intel currently adopts various soft and hard methods to make up for this shortcoming, with the comprehensive development of AMD Operon processor Investment, the prospects of these two processors of Intel's IA-64 architecture are not optimistic.
RISC is a reduced instruction set computer
In addition to the two types of IA architecture server processors introduced above, there is also a mainstream processor architecture, which can also be called " RISC” (actually it is a type divided by the way processor instructions are executed). IBM, SUN and HP are still using this architecture. However, in recent years, due to the lack of complete unification of this processor architecture standard and the very slow development and application of processors, the vast majority of the mid-to-high-end server market that originally occupied Japan has been divided up by the IA architecture, and it is declining day by day. At present, even these server manufacturers have begun to give up and switch to IA, launching more and more IA architecture servers to survive.
RISC is a reduced instruction set computer. The most common ones currently include
1. IBM’s POWER/PowerPC architecture (Power G4, G5, G6, PowerXCell)
2. MIPS's MIPS architecture (many manufacturers, including AMD, are also authorized to produce, and Loongson is also a MIPS variant)
3. SUN's UltraSPARC architecture (UltraSPARC III, IV, VI, T1, T2)
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4. DEC’s Alpha architecture (rare nowadays, DEC was acquired by Compaq, and Compaq was acquired by HP)
5. Intel and HP’s EPIC architecture (Iantium, Iantium2), which is IA64 architecture, Intel Architecture 64 (Intel64-bit architecture), is sometimes listed as a separate category instead of RISC
6. Transmeta's VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) architecture is designed with IA64 There are some similarities in thinking, and sometimes it is listed as a separate category instead of RISC
7. Acorn's ARM architecture (similar to MIPS and also authorized to be manufactured by many companies, including Intel) , and later Intel also developed a variant of ARM, the Translated into simplified instructions and then sent to the RISC core for processing. Strictly speaking, modern CPUs are essentially RISC processors.
IA32: 32 bits Intel Architecture (32-bit bandwidth Intel architecture)
IA64: 64 bits Intel Architecture (64-bit bandwidth Intel architecture)
i386: Intel 386 (old 386 machine, also generally refers to the IA32 system CPU)
i486: Intel 486
i586: Intel 586 (Pentium, K6 level CPU)
i686: Intel 686 (Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentim 4, K7 level CPU)
These i×86 can also be called x86. Early Intel CPU numbers were such as 8086, 80286, etc. Since this entire series of CPUs are instruction-compatible, they all use Bit?
The common name x86 also refers to the IA32 architecture CPU, which means that the CPU is 32-bit and can only install a 32-bit OS; and x86-64 or IA-64 means that the CPU supports 64 bit, you can install a 64-bit OS and run 64-bit applications