On the one hand, plants with large surface area form dense nets in water, absorb a large number of suspended substances in water, and gradually form biofilm on the surface of plant roots. Microorganisms in biofilm swallow and metabolize pollutants in water into inorganic substances, which are transformed into plant nutrients through photosynthesis to promote their growth. Finally, the nutrients in the water can be reduced by harvesting floating island plants and catching fish and shrimp.
On the other hand, the floating island inhibits the photosynthesis of algae by blocking sunlight, reduces the growth of phytoplankton, promotes the sedimentation of phytoplankton by contacting precipitation, effectively prevents the occurrence of "water bloom" and improves the transparency of water body, which is more obvious than the former. At the same time, the plants on the floating island can be used for birds to inhabit, and the roots of the lower plants form the living environment for fish and aquatic insects.
Ecological floating bed has many functions, such as purifying water quality, beautifying water landscape, providing habitat space for aquatic organisms and conducting environmental education. Its advantages are as follows: (1) The floating body of the floating island can be large or small with various shapes, which is convenient to manufacture and carry; (2) Compared with constructed wetlands, plants are easier to cultivate; (3) No special person is needed for management, only regular cleaning is needed, which greatly reduces the investment of manpower and equipment, and reduces the maintenance cost and equipment operation cost.