Bupleurum DC Bupleurum chinense is also called DC Bupleurum chinense. It is a perennial herb of Umbelliferae. Northeast China, North China, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces are mostly wild. Take root as medicine. The root contains saikosaponin A, B, C, D, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Kaempferol, a small amount of volatile oil and fatty oil, and the oil contains cis-and trans-carnosic acid, carnosic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, saikosapol, geraniol and other substances. Pharmacological experiments show that Chaihu decoction has antipyretic, antibacterial and anti-liver injury effects; Saikosaponin has sedative, analgesic, cooling, antitussive and antihypertensive effects. Bitter taste, slightly cold. Has the effects of relieving exterior syndrome, regulating interior, strengthening yang, soothing liver and relieving depression. Treat common cold, upper respiratory tract infection, common cold, fever, hypochondriac pain, hepatitis, biliary tract infection, irregular menstruation and other symptoms.
I. Morphological characteristics
Height 45-85 cm, taproot cylindrical, branched or unbranched, hard. The stems are erect and clustered, branched in the upper part and slightly zigzag. Leaves alternate, basal leaves are oblanceolate, the base gradually narrows and grows into a stalk; Cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, sessile; The leaves are 5-12cm long and 0.5-1.5cm wide, with short awn-like tips and 5-9 parallel veins, and the back is frosted. Compound umbel axillary terminal, peduncle 4- 10, involucre 1-2, often falling off; Involucral bracts 5-7, with 3 veins. The flowers are small and bright yellow; Calyx teeth are not obvious; Petals 5, apex folded inward; Stamens 5, ovary elliptic, style 2, style base yellowish brown. Vaccinium is oval in shape, flat, 2.5-3 mm long, and has five obvious main ribs (Figure 14- 139).
Fig.14 ——139 morphological diagram of Bupleurum chinense DC.
1. root 2. Flower branch 3. Flower enlargement 4. Involucral bracts 5. Fruit 6. Cross section of fruit
Second, biological characteristics.
Bupleurum chinense is mostly found in the wild in barren slopes, grasses, roadsides, forest edges and gaps of mountains and hills below the altitude of1500m. Strong adaptability, like a slightly cold and humid climate, more cold and drought-tolerant, avoid high temperature and waterlogging.
The newly harvested seed embryo of Bupleurum chinense is immature and still dormant, which needs post-ripening process. According to Kawatani et al.' s research, the volume of newly harvested embryos accounts for; The embryo cavity is 5. 10%, and it can grow to 16.69% after five months. Storing seeds in the middle layer of soil can accelerate the development of embryos and promote post-ripening; After five months of stratification, the germination rate can reach 69. 1%, and the average germination time is only 15 days. Miyazaki and others used to store seeds in sealed wooden boxes, sealed cans and dryers and hide them in the soil. Twelve months later, except for the seeds in the dryer, most of the seeds lost their vitality, and the seeds in the dryer germinated irregularly. Therefore, seeds should be sown in the spring of the second year after harvest and cannot be reused every other year.
Sasakawa Xing Zi and others studied the effect of temperature on the growth of one-year-old Bupleurum chinense DC. The results showed that low temperature (daily temperature 15℃/ night temperature 10℃) and moderate temperature (25℃/20℃) were the most, followed by control (no temperature control), and high temperature (35℃/30℃) was the least, with the most flowers and fruits. The order of root yield from high to low is low temperature, medium temperature, control and high temperature; There was no significant difference in the total content of saikosaponin in each treatment. These results show that Bupleurum chinense should not grow at high temperature for a long time, but should be planted in a cooler climate.
Sasakawa Xing Zi and others also made a comparison between rooting for one year and two years. The content of total saponins in Bupleurum chinense DC. which took root in two years was low, only 1. 19 0. 16%, while that in one year was1.57 0.25%. The dry weight of rooting in two years is more than three times that of rooting in one year. Considering the total output, planting for two years is still appropriate.
Third, cultivation techniques.
(1) land selection and preparation
Generally, it is better to plant in non-cultivated land with loose and fertile soil and well-drained mixed sand or sandy loam. When preparing soil, it is best to apply base fertilizer and rake it carefully to make a border with a width of about 1.3m; Only drains can be opened on the slope, and no borders can be set.
(2) Breeding methods
Select plots with vigorous growth and no pests and diseases to keep seeds, cut them when the seeds are slightly brown from September to June in 65438+1October, and store them after drying and threshing. Sow in March-April. The row spacing of drill sowing is about 30cm, the row spacing of hole sowing is 23-27cm, and the furrow sowing should be shallow. 500-750g seeds per mu are evenly mixed with fire ash and scattered in ditches or holes.
(3) Site management
In case of drought after sowing, you should water and moisturize. After half a month, they emerged one after another. The seedling height is about 10cm, so it needs to be replanted. Leave one seedling every 5-7 cm for drill sowing and 5-6 seedlings for each hole for hole sowing. At the same time, weeding should be carried out and light water and fertilizer should be applied once. When the seedling height is 33 cm, intertillage weeding and concentrated human and animal manure water are applied. In the second year, the same intertillage fertilization was carried out twice. In the first year, if the above-ground part is harvested for medicine, it should be cultivated in intertillage after cutting and rooted with decomposed compost.
(4) Pests and diseases and their control
1. rust
Puccinia Bupleuri. )
Harm stems and leaves. Control methods: (1) Clear the garden and treat the residual plants; (2) Spraying 25% triadimefon 1000 times solution at the early stage of onset.
2. Leaf blight
(Septolia Ampigona Miyake)
Damage to leaves, resulting in round dark brown spots, 3-5 mm in diameter and gray in the center. Conidia are produced on both sides of leaves. Prevention and control methods: (1) clear the garden and deal with the sick and disabled; (2) Crop rotation |(3) Prevention and treatment with 1: 1: 120 bordeaux solution or 50% bactericide 1000 times solution at the initial stage of the disease.
3. Root rot
It is easy to get sick in hot and rainy seasons. Control methods: avoid continuous cropping, and it is best to rotate with Gramineae crops; Pay attention to the drainage of ditches.
Fourth, harvesting and processing.
Harvest in September-65438+1October of the second year after sowing. Dig the whole plant, remove the stems and leaves, shake the soil and dry the roots. The whole grass can be mowed in the autumn of the sowing year, harvested in the second year, and then dried.