The mature and reliable technologies suitable for rural characteristics and sewage treatment practice should be selected for rural domestic sewage treatment. Rural sewage treatment can neutralize agricultural products according to the actual situation, so as to realize resource utilization and environmental degradation discharge.
1, stabilization pond treatment technology
In China, especially in water-deficient and arid areas, stabilization pond is an effective method to realize sewage recycling, and it has become a technology to be popularized in rural domestic sewage treatment in China in recent years. Compared with the traditional secondary biological treatment technology, the high-efficiency algae pond has many unique properties, which is worth popularizing in rural areas with relatively rich land resources but relatively backward technical level.
2. Anaerobic biogas digester treatment technology
In the practice of rural domestic sewage treatment in China, anaerobic biogas digesters are the most common and thrifty, which can best reflect the combination of environmental benefits and social benefits. It organically combines sewage treatment with rational utilization, and realizes the recycling of sewage. Most of the organic matter in sewage is produced by anaerobic fermentation, and most of the organic matter is removed from the fermented sewage to achieve the purpose of purification; The generated biogas can be used for bathroom and home cooking; Sewage after anaerobic fermentation can be used as irrigation water and ornamental water. There are a large number of raw materials that can be used as biogas in rural areas: crop straw and human and animal manure.
Biogas pit treatment technology has been effectively promoted and used in some places in China. The construction of biogas digesters and anaerobic purification tanks for domestic sewage can effectively solve rural environmental problems such as human and animal manure, domestic sewage and garbage pollution, and a new look of cleaning homes and villages appears.
3. Soil infiltration technology
Underground soil infiltration method has been paid more and more attention in rural domestic sewage treatment in China. In the cold area of northern China, it is feasible to treat domestic sewage by underground soil infiltration, and the effluent can be reused as reclaimed water.
4. Constructed wetland treatment technology
At present, this rural domestic sewage treatment technology has been adopted in Beijing and Shenzhen. The purified water quality is better than the three standards of surface water. Zhejiang, Guangdong, Tianjin, Jiangsu and other places have also explored and tried unpowered, buried anaerobic treatment system, centralized treatment of rainwater and sewage diversion pipe network and biological bacteria feeding to treat sewage, and all of them have made some progress.