1, meaning of law: ① The law is formulated by the state; (2) guaranteed by the state compulsory force; ③ It is a special code of conduct, which is universally binding on all members of society; A abides by B equally and is punished equally.
2. The essence of law: law is the embodiment of the will of the ruling class that holds state power. China's laws are the embodiment of the will and interests of the working class and the broad masses of the people under its leadership.
3. Rights and obligations of citizens in China: The Constitution stipulates the citizens' political rights and freedoms, the citizens' right to vote and stand for election, and the citizens' personal rights and freedoms. According to the Constitution, citizens have the basic obligations of safeguarding national unity and national unity, observing the Constitution and laws, keeping state secrets, caring for public property, observing labor discipline, public order and social morality.
4. How to understand that the rights and obligations of China citizens are the same?
The rights and obligations of citizens are inseparable. In our country, citizens have both rights and obligations. While enjoying rights, we must fulfill corresponding obligations. It is not allowed to enjoy rights without fulfilling obligations.
(2) Some rights and obligations of citizens are combined with each other. Under certain conditions, rights are obligations, and obligations are rights. (such as labor and education)
The rights and obligations of citizens complement each other. With the protection of rights, we will consciously fulfill our obligations, and our consciousness of fulfilling our obligations will be higher, and our efforts will be more secure.
5. How to exercise rights according to law
(1) Citizens enjoy the rights conferred by the Constitution and laws, but the exercise of power must abide by the provisions of the Constitution and laws.
(2) Citizens shall not exercise their rights beyond the scope permitted by law, and shall not harm the national, social and collective interests or the legitimate rights and interests of other citizens. Respect the interests of special people and do not seek illegal interests other than legal rights. Otherwise, it will not only be protected by law, but also bear corresponding legal responsibilities.
(3) When citizens' legal rights are infringed, they have the right to use legal means to safeguard their rights, but they must do so in a legal way and in accordance with legal procedures, and illegal means cannot be adopted.
6, how to consciously fulfill their obligations
All actions advocated and encouraged by the Constitution and laws should be actively done.
(2) All specific requirements put forward by the Constitution and laws for citizens must be fulfilled.
(3) Resolutely do not do anything that is changed by laws and constitutions, otherwise it will be illegal and criminal.
7. What attitude should teenagers take towards their rights and obligations?
Teenagers should consciously use laws to regulate their behavior, exercise their rights and consciously fulfill their legal obligations in family, school and social life. Exercise rights according to law. Consciously fulfilling obligations is a concentrated expression of civic awareness.
8. The role of law in citizens' life
1 Law regulates people's behavior.
Our country's laws stipulate what rights citizens enjoy and what obligations they should perform, and punish those who fail to perform their obligations. Make citizens know what to do and what not to do in social life; What to do and what not to do. The law regulates people's behavior by stipulating rights and obligations.
The law protects the lawful rights of citizens.
Any citizen has the right to seek legal protection from relevant departments, organs and organizations in accordance with laws and legal procedures when his rights are protected by Qinghai. We can resolve disputes through consultation, punish illegal crimes according to law, bring a lawsuit and safeguard our legitimate rights and interests.
Lesson 2 the right to accompany us for a lifetime
1. Why does the law require the right to life and health of minors in Bao Hui?
The right to life and health is the most basic personal right of citizens.
② Protecting citizens' right to life and health is one of the main tasks of China law. Citizens' right to life and health is not violated by law, and those who violate citizens' right to life and health should bear corresponding legal responsibilities.
(3) Minors are the hope of the future nation of the motherland. Because of their young age and lack of ability and experience, their lives and health are more vulnerable to infringement.
(4) Protecting the life and health of minors is the responsibility of the whole society.
2. How to protect our right to life and health according to law?
When our right to life and health is violated and threatened, we must bravely take up legal weapons and protect our right to life and health according to law. A first, we should report the case to the public security department in time and truthfully, and we must not let the infringer go unpunished; B second, we should use legal means to get back "justice" for ourselves, and we can't fight tooth for tooth.
② Protect the right to life and health according to law. The Hague should strengthen self-protection, learn some methods of self-protection and improve its self-protection ability.
③ While cherishing and cherishing our right to life and health, we should also cherish and respect the life and health of others. In daily life, we should strengthen the concept of legal system, and never do anything that infringes on and harms the health rights and interests of others.
3. How to maintain our personal dignity?
We should respect ourselves, standardize our words and deeds according to law, and safeguard our personal dignity.
(2) Improve the awareness of safeguarding rights. When one's personal dignity is violated, one should safeguard one's right to fight according to law and get back the lost dignity.
Everyone should respect the dignity of others as he respects his own.
3. How do teenagers maintain their privacy?
(1) First of all, protect your belongings.
(2) Learn to use legal weapons to protect your right to privacy.
We should also respect the privacy rights of others. Only by maintaining and respecting each other can we ensure the peace and freedom of everyone's life.
Lesson 3 Enjoy property rights and consumer rights according to law
1. What is property right?
Citizens enjoy legitimate private property and have the right to possess, use, profit from and dispose of their own property according to law.
2. Means to protect citizens' legitimate rights
China laws protect citizens' private property rights, and citizens' legitimate private property is inviolable. Civil legal means is the most common and universal way to protect citizens' private property rights by law. Criminal legal means is the most severe and effective method. China's laws only protect citizens' legitimate property, and the property obtained by citizens through illegal means and methods is not only not protected by law, but also investigated and dealt with by the state.
3, when the legitimate private property rights are violated, how to do?
You should learn to safeguard your legitimate property ownership according to law, and you can negotiate with the infringer to solve it. If negotiation fails, we should bring a lawsuit and seek legal help.
We should respect the property ownership of others and safeguard their legal rights.
4. Property inheritance methods: legal inheritance and testamentary inheritance.
5. What should I do after citizens' legitimate inheritance rights are violated?
(1) For minors who have been infringed, the legal responsibility of perfectionists shall be investigated according to law through their guardians to safeguard their inheritance rights.
(2) in the form of inheritance, it should be carried out according to law, and the right of inheritance cannot be illegally obtained, and the legal rights of others cannot be harmed.
5, the meaning of intellectual achievements
Intellectual achievements, in short, are the labor achievements created by human mental labor. Intellectual achievements are embodied in scientific and technological achievements, inventions and creations, and literary and artistic works.
6. How does the law protect the results of governance?
Article 47 of the law of China stipulates that the people of China and the citizens of China have the freedom to engage in scientific research, literary and artistic creation and other cultural activities. This is not only the legal protection of governance achievements, but also provides a legal basis for formulating other laws and regulations to protect the right of governance achievements. In order to protect the achievements of governance, China has formulated copyright law, patent law, trademark law and other relevant laws and regulations.
7. How to protect the right to intellectual achievements according to law?
Deepen the understanding of protecting intellectual achievements according to law, and strive to enhance the legal awareness of protecting intellectual achievements.
(2) when their intellectual achievements are infringed, they should actively seek legal help and use the law to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
③ We should also actively participate in the social protection of governance achievements, respect other people's intellectual achievements, and do nothing that infringes on other people's governance achievements.
8. Nine rights enjoyed by consumers
① Consumers have the right to personal and property safety according to law; (2) the right to know the real situation; 3 independent choice; (4) Fair trade rights; The right to claim compensation according to law; (8) The right to acquire knowledge; Pet-name ruby supervision and criticism; The right to respect personal dignity and national customs.
9. How to create a safe consumption environment?
Producers, sellers and consumers in consumption activities should participate in the cold winter after consumption according to the principle of urban integrity and standardize their economic behavior according to law.
(2) Producers are the main participants in consumption activities. Producers shall strictly abide by national laws and regulations, and shall not produce products that have been explicitly eliminated by the state or are being urgently produced. It is strictly forbidden for unqualified products to leave the factory, and it is not allowed to forge the place of origin and falsely use other people's names, addresses, trademarks, etc.
③ Sales is the bridge and link between production and consumption. Sales is an important participant in economic activities. We must abide by national laws and regulations, keep our promises, and ensure that we do not sell goods that are short of weight and short of quality. You can't harm others and benefit yourself in a malicious or deceptive way, and you can't infringe on the rights of consumers in your life. We should provide sincere, warm and thoughtful services to consumers.
Consumers are participants in consumption activities, and should abide by market order, trade fairly according to law, and promptly report the acts of counterfeiting and selling fakes to relevant departments.
10. What should I do when the legitimate rights and interests of consumers are infringed?
First of all, you can negotiate directly with the operator, and the two sides will solve the dispute on the basis of mutual understanding.
(2) If negotiation fails, the operator may request the consumer association to mediate or bring a lawsuit to the people's court.
Lesson 4 me and collective development
1, the relationship between collective and individual
Collective is the garden of personal growth, and personal life, study and work are inseparable from collective.
Individuals are the cells that constitute the collective, and the development of the collective cannot be separated from the efforts of each member.
2. Why is unity so important?
(1) Any collective, only if it has a high degree of unity in thought, has always been sound in action goals, and emotionally, can think in one place and make efforts in one place, thus forming a strong and reasonable resultant force and achieving the expected goals.
(2) Collective unity can give each member encouragement and confidence, and give full play to individual abilities; Collective unity brings together the strength of each member and forms a strong resultant force. This kind of power is not the sum of simple personal power, but a sudden change and sublimation. With this strength, we can accomplish tasks that individuals cannot accomplish and overcome difficulties that individuals cannot overcome.
Historical development and life experience tell us that unity is collective strength, regardless of size. Since the founding of New China, people of all ethnic groups have been United as one under the leadership of the China * * * Production Party, and after more than half a century of * * * struggle, they have created a new situation of increasing prosperity. We live in a group. You should take good care of your eyes, so that you can truly become a United group and consciously safeguard the unity of this group.
3. How to deal with the relationship between collective interests and individual interests?
In our country, collective interests and individual interests are basically the same, but in some cases, contradictions and conflicts will also occur. We should ensure the close combination of collective interests and individual interests, attach importance to collective interests and respect and safeguard individual interests.
(2) Paying attention to the collective interests does not exclude the legitimate interests of individuals. In collective life, the collective should respect the personality of each member and try to meet the reasonable requirements of individuals.
(3) Collective interests are the basis and guarantee of individual interests, and collective interests are higher than individual interests. In collective life, when personal interests conflict with collective interests, we should consciously sneak into collective interests and sacrifice personal interests when necessary.
4. How to consciously safeguard the honor and interests of the collective?
(1) To safeguard the collective honor and interests, we must first have a strong sense of collective honor and responsibility, remember that we are a piece of money for the collective, be strict with ourselves in life, and never do anything that harms the collective honor and interests.
(2) Maintaining the honor and interests of the collective should be manifested in its own practical actions. Care for every member of the collective who wavers in life, safeguard the unity of the collective and enhance the cohesion of the collective. Do one's duty and give full play to one's specialty.
(3) safeguarding the collective honor and interests is also reflected in the fact that when the party's collective honor and interests are violated, it is necessary to dare to safeguard the collective honor and interests. This is not only the responsibility of collective students to doctors, but also the civic obligation stipulated by law.
(4) Safeguarding the honor and interests of the country is the highest expression of safeguarding the collective interests and honor. To safeguard national interests means to put the overall situation first under any circumstances, and never lose national dignity and personality, lose national integrity or do anything detrimental to national interests in order to satisfy personal or local selfish interests.
Lesson 5 Caring for the society and being close to it.
1. Why should middle school students actively participate in social life?
The development of society puts forward new requirements for personal quality. In order to adapt to the new social life, we should not only learn to learn, but also learn to survive, learn to communicate and learn to be human. Only by practicing in the social classroom can we learn the necessary skills of modern life and improve our social adaptability.
② Promote the all-round development of individuals by participating in various beneficial social activities.
2. How to correctly understand society?
(1) To participate in social life, we must correctly understand society and dialectically analyze problems. Social life is very complicated, with bright side and dark side.
In social life, people pursue a scientific, civilized and healthy lifestyle with ordinary and simple thoughts and actions, and promote social integrity, which constitutes the mainstream of society.
(3) There are all kinds of negative ugly phenomena in social life, especially in recent years, with the diversification of people's lifestyles, the pursuit of pleasure and selfishness is not the mainstream of society, but its influence on society and individuals cannot be underestimated.
We should pursue truth, goodness, beauty and healthy results, and put an end to false, evil and ugly behaviors.
3. The influence of herd mentality.
On the one hand, conformity can make people consciously accept the positive influence of social environment, which is beneficial to individuals to develop good moral quality and behavior habits, and to social stability and the formation of good social atmosphere.
(2) On the other hand, it is dangerous to blindly follow the crowd and go with the flow. It is easy for people to accept the negative influence of social environment and encourage bad social atmosphere.
Only by developing the habit of independent thinking and improving self-control ability can we overcome blind conformity and resist the negative influence in social life.
4. How to deal with setbacks?
Facing the complicated social life, we should treat the difficulties and adversity in life correctly. The road of life is not smooth sailing, and people will inevitably encounter difficulties and adversity.
There are many reasons for difficulties and adversity. We should objectively analyze the causes of difficulties, learn to think independently and improve our psychological endurance. We should never be depressed or take attitude pills. Instead, we should always maintain a positive and enterprising spirit, bravely face difficulties and adversity, and turn stumbling blocks on our way into stepping stones to success.
On the one hand, we should keep up with the main theme of society and keep pace with the times; On the other hand, we should resist external pressure and temptation, stick to our correct position, and learn to be a rational social member in complex social life.
5, the meaning of humility
Modesty is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, and he requires people to be modest and polite.
2. Modesty is an indispensable moral norm to form a harmonious social order and differences between civilized societies.
6. How to be modest?
First of all, modesty should be modest and polite, not self-centered and domineering.
(2) Don't compete for fame and gain in front of honor and interests, be able to take photos for others consciously, put others before yourself, and leave benefits and convenience to others.
(3) Properly handle contradictions and conflicts with others. In social life, people's habits and temperament are different, which will inevitably lead to some contradictions and misunderstandings. As long as it is not a matter of principle, you may take the initiative to be humble, make appropriate compromises and concessions, and resolve unnecessary disputes.
7, the meaning of sharing
(1) Sharing means giving your valuable things to others, and sharing and enjoying them with others.
Sharing does not mean downtown, on the contrary, it will make your life more colorful and conducive to personal progress and development.
③ Society is a cooperative system, and cooperation needs to share their experience, wisdom and achievements. In the early society, only through sharing and communication can we obtain the conditions for progress and success.
8. The meaning of helping others
It is pleasant to help others. When we see that our efforts have eliminated the pain of others, we will feel heartfelt happiness and happiness.
9. How to help others
To help others, we must be sincere first.
(2) There are ways and means to pay attention. A) Pay attention to your own safety with the help of others and society. C) maintain the self-esteem of others.
10, how to contribute to society?
Actively participate in social welfare activities. Through these activities, we can learn more about society and enhance our feelings of caring for society.
(2) Concerned about social development and state affairs; Understanding of state affairs; Concerned about the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; Concerned about the practical problems in the social life around us.
③ Serve and contribute to the society. There are different manifestations of dedication, and a person's ability is different. But as long as your behavior is beneficial to society, you are paying.
Lesson 6 Feel the Nature
(1) What are the manifestations of beautiful nature?
The mysterious universe is the infinite charm of nature.
(2) the wonderful biological world.
③ Nature has beautiful scenery and picturesque scenery.
Beautiful nature gives us endless spiritual enjoyment, brings us joy, cultivates our sentiment and enriches our spiritual life.
(2) How to appreciate the natural scenery?
To appreciate natural scenery, we should pay attention to the distance, angle and time of viewing, and also give play to people's imagination.
② When viewing the scenery, if you look at the panorama, you need to look at the whole picture and the whole beauty from a distance, and look at the local beauty at close range.
3 different perspectives, different feelings.
(4) time limit.
Nature is closely related to our life. If we understand the great power of human beings to transform nature on this basis, our understanding of natural beauty will be deeper.
Be close to nature, love nature and feel its endless beauty.
(3) What is the reason for the disharmony between man and nature?
1, natural species are decreasing.
In addition to natural and historical factors, there are also human factors, especially human development and utilization.
Harm: the wanton behavior of human beings destroys the ecological balance of nature and will inevitably endanger human beings themselves.
The natural landscape has been destroyed by human beings.
The natural landscape presented by nature to human beings is being destroyed by human activities. Developing tourism economy at the expense of ecology and resources is tantamount to quenching thirst by drinking poison.
3. The environmental situation is not optimistic.
Environment is the place where we produce and live, and environmental problems are environmental pollution and destruction caused by unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources by human beings. Today has become a global problem. He threatens the ecological balance, endangers human health and restricts the sustainable development of our economy and society. Therefore, it is our unshirkable responsibility to protect the environment and the homeland on which human beings depend.
Lesson 7 Caring for and Protecting Nature
1, the significance of protecting biodiversity
(1) is the cornerstone to protect human survival and social development.
(2) It is the basis of protecting human cultural diversity.
(3) is to protect mankind.
2. How to protect biodiversity?
Learn to treat every living thing on the earth equally and protect biodiversity.
3. Why should we treat nature well?
(1) Nature is the material basis for human survival and development, the cradle of life and our home.
Be kind to nature and nature will be kind to us. In the process of being kind to nature, we can enjoy living in harmony with nature and becoming good friends.
4. How to treat nature well?
(1) Protect nature, don't destroy nature, and be friends with nature.
② Take measures to prevent and reduce the damage to nature.
③ Rational utilization of natural resources and protection of ecological environment.
5. How to beautify nature?
In order to beautify nature, we should take care of everything around us and plant trees.
(2) to beautify nature, we should also protect the natural landscape, pay attention to hygiene when traveling in large scenic spots, and do not scribble or damage the environment. Every tourist should use laws and regulations to restrain his behavior and dare to fight against acts that damage the natural landscape.
To live in harmony with nature, we should not only abide by the moral norms of Chinese characters, respect life, treat nature well and beautify it, but also need legal protection to protect nature according to law.
1989 The Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) is the basic law. Have a central position. Based on the Constitution and centered on the Environmental Protection Law. It provides a legal basis for environmental protection.
6. How to contribute to the protection of some human homes?
We teenagers are the masters of the future environment and the biggest beneficiaries of environmental protection. We should consciously fulfill our environmental protection obligations and make positive contributions.
② To establish environmental awareness, we should actively learn environmental science knowledge, understand the environmental situation in China, and understand the seriousness, urgency and importance of environmental protection in China.
③ Strengthen the concept of legal system. We should actively study and publicize the knowledge of environmental protection and relevant laws and regulations, be strict in self-discipline and not do anything that pollutes the environment. We should use legal means to oppose and stop acts that damage the environment and protect the environment according to law.
④ Implementing environmental protection actions, teenagers are the future of the motherland, so we should take action, start from now on, embrace consciously, do not pollute the environment, and actively participate in environmental protection public welfare activities.
Only in this way, our genius will be bluer, the water will be clearer, the green of life will be eternal, and mankind will have a beautiful home.