In nature, plants are constantly challenged by adverse abiotic environmental conditions such as drought, heat, cold, nutrient deficiencies, and excess salts or toxic metals in the soil. These abiotic stresses limit the use of arable land globally and negatively impact crop productivity. Therefore, understanding how plants sense stress signals and adapt to adverse environmental conditions is critical for global food security.
Transcriptome is very commonly used in abiotic stress research. Although there are differences in different stress mechanisms, the research ideas using transcriptome technology are generally similar. The key is to explore the regulatory mechanism of resistance differences.
Article title: Transcriptional profiling reveals changes in gene regulation and signaling transduction pathways during temperature stress in wucai (Brassica campestris L.)
Publication: BMC Genomics
Publication date: September 2021
Research content: The study explored the response mechanism of colorful rapeseed to temperature by setting up low temperature (LT), high temperature (HT) and control groups.
Results:
(1) According to the transcriptomic study, compared with the control group, the numbers of differentially expressed genes in HT and LT were 10702 and 7267 respectively.
(2) In order to further study the key genes of colorful rapeseed in response to temperature. GO and KEGG annotation were performed on differential genes, and the results showed that photosynthesis and photosynthetic antenna protein pathways are very important in the temperature response mechanism of colorful rapeseed. It was further found that high temperature relief greatly limits the expression of important genes in the photosynthesis pathway, while low temperature will lead to an increase in the expression of some key genes in this pathway. In summary, colorful seedlings show better photosynthetic performance under low temperature conditions than under high temperature conditions.
Based on the above results, the study speculates that under low temperature stress, plants gain higher cold tolerance by up-regulating the expression of photosynthesis genes. On the contrary, high temperature stress inhibits the expression of key genes and weakens the plant's self-regulation ability.
Article title: Variety-specific transcript accumulation during reproductive stage in drought stressed rice
Publication: Physiol Plant
Publication date: October 2021
p>Research content: Transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of heading stage tissues (leaves, flowers and roots) of N22 (drought-tolerant) and IR64 (drought-sensitive) plants subjected to drought treatment.
Results:
(1) The number of differentially expressed genes in N22 was found to be almost twice that of IR64. Many differentially expressed genes were mapped to drought-related QTL. These QTL are involved in grain yield and drought tolerance, and are also related to drought tolerance and key drought-related plant traits.
(2) ***Expression analysis of differential genes revealed several key genes known to be involved in drought stress. At the same time, 1366 differential genes were found to show completely opposite regulatory patterns in the two rice varieties under similar drought conditions.
(3) These breed-specific differential genes were found to interact with more than 1,300 genes. These included 32 genes that interacted with other breed-specific differential genes. There are also sequence differences in the promoter regions of these genes between the two rice varieties. This demonstrates the importance of differences in transcriptional regulation for the development of drought tolerance in plants. Sequence-based variation (promoter) may partially explain unique cultivar-specific transcriptional behavior.
Article title: Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality
Publication: Front Plant Sci
Publication date: 2021 December 2017
Research content: This article explores the changes in rice seed quality under salt stress. Compared with ordinary land cultivation, the sodium, magnesium, potassium, etc. in the seeds of japonica rice Samgwang grown in salt-rich areas Mineral accumulation is greatly increased, yield is reduced, heading is delayed, and grain weight is reduced. Therefore, we used RNA-seq technology to conduct transcriptome analysis of developing seeds grown on hypersaline soil and normal soil.
Results:
(1) GO enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were closely related to the metabolism of biomolecules such as amino acids, lignin, polysaccharides and chitin, and stress response.
(2) Through analysis of metabolic pathways, the up-regulated genes were involved in the biosynthetic pathways of abscisic acid and melatonin, as well as the relationship between trehalose, raffinose and maltose and ecological stress.
(3) Transcription factors that are up-regulated in developing seeds under salt stress include bHLH, MYB and heat shock proteins.
These can be used as potential regulators of seed quality under salt stress. Target. The purpose of the study is to provide a useful reference for elucidating the relationship between seed response mechanisms and seed quality decline under salt stress, and to provide potential strategies for improving seed quality under salt stress.
Article title: Physiological and transcriptomic analyzes reveal novel insights into the cultivar-specic response to alkaline stress in alfalfa (MedicagosativaL.)
Publication: Ecotox Environ Safe
< p> Published: November 2021Research content: The study used two alfalfa cultivars with different sensitivities to alkaline conditions for physiological and transcriptomic analyses. The chlorophyll content and above-ground fresh weight of the alkali-sensitive variety Algonquin (AG) decreased sharply after alkali treatment, while the alkali-tolerant variety Gongnong No.1 (GN) maintained relatively stable growth and chlorophyll content.
Results:
(1) Physiological analysis shows that compared with AG, GN has a higher Ca/Mg ion content; under alkaline conditions, ca/Mg/Na ions, prolate The ratio of amino acids to soluble sugars and the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) are reduced.
(2) Transcriptomic analysis identified three types of alkaline-responsive differentially expressed genes between the two varieties; 48 genes were commonly induced in the two varieties (CAR), and 574 genes were from the tolerant variety (TAR), 493 genes from sensitive varieties (SAR).
(3) GO and KEGG analysis showed that the CAR gene is mainly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and DNA replication and repair; the TAR gene plays an important role in metabolic pathways, synthesis of secondary metabolites, and MAPK signaling. Pathways, biosynthesis of flavonoids and amino acids are enriched; SAR genes are particularly enriched in vitamin B6 metabolism.
This study provides new insights into the research on the alkali tolerance mechanism of alfalfa.
To withstand environmental stress, plants have evolved interconnected regulatory pathways that enable them to respond and adapt to the environment in a timely manner. Abiotic stress conditions affect many aspects of plant physiology and cause widespread changes in cellular processes. The study of plant resistance mechanisms after abiotic stress is of great significance to subsequent breeding. Stress research is often carried out in the form of constructing a "stress" environment, looking for "differential traits", and exploring "differential changes". It is usually combined with physiological experiments to study plant stress resistance based on differences in physiological indicators, and then uses transcriptome technology to At the level of transcriptional regulation, we will look for key nodes or genes for stress resistance and conduct follow-up research.
References:
1. Yuan, Lingyun et al. "Transcriptional profiling reveals changes in gene regulation and signaling transduction pathways during temperature stress in wucai (Brassica campestris L.)." *BMC genomics *vol. 22,1 687. 22 Sep. 2021, doi:10.1186/s12864-021-07981-9
2.Gour, Pratibha et al. “Variety-specific transcript accumulation during reproductive stage in drought-stressed rice." Physiologia plantarum , 10.1111/ppl.13585. 15 Oct. 2021, doi:10.1111/ppl.13585
3. Lee, Choonseok et al. "Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality.” Frontiers in plant science vol. 12 748273. 8 Nov. 2021, doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.748273
4.Wei, Tian-Jiao et al "Physiological and transcriptomic analyzes reveal novel insights into the cultivar-specific response to alkaline stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Ecotoxicology and environmental safety , vol. 228 113017. 22 Nov. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv .2021.113017
Reprinted from: /s/Rb7Of1X755Wdp5u8PoEyog