What is the carrier of dye? How to deal with the harm to human body?

Aromatic amines, as dye intermediates, have long been listed as suspected carcinogens by government agencies in some countries. 1967 British carcinogen management regulations prohibit the manufacture and use of diethylamine, benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, dichlorobenzidine, o-benzidine and UNAMET. 1994, the American Occupational Safety and Health Administration designated 14 organic compounds as carcinogens, including 6 listed in the British carcinogen regulations, plus 4- methylaminoazobenzene. These seven aromatic amines are dye intermediates. Japan has similar restrictions and established an association to study the ecology and toxicology of dye manufacturing. German environmental protection laws and regulations were first published as laws in the world, which attracted the attention of all countries in the world and extended from dyes to textiles. This is a regulation on the ecological safety of consumer goods, which stipulates that the use of azo dyes which can be decomposed into amines in MAK (Ⅲ) A1and A2 groups is prohibited. Mak (Maximum Artbeitplaz Konzentratons) Class III A 1 and A2 aromatic amines are the list of carcinogens published by the German Federal Health Administration every year. At that time, four species belonged to AMK (Ⅲ) A1,which was suspected to be carcinogenic to humans, and 1 1 belonged to A2, which was carcinogenic to animals. 1994 published the so-called German Physiological Contact Improvement Act, which prohibited the use of MAK (Ⅲ) a 1 and A2 aromatic amines, which can be decomposed by one or more azo groups, among which four aromatic amines in A1remained unchanged, and the number of aromatic amines in A2 increased to1. It is clearly stipulated that from 1 99565438+1October1day, azo dyes that can be decomposed by one or more azo groups to form any of the listed 20 carcinogenic aromatic amines shall not be used to manufacture articles that are obviously not in short-term contact with human body. At the same time, the European Economic and Health Committee also declared two other aromatic amines as suspected carcinogens. Therefore, there are 22 aromatic amines in total. 2. The azo dyes that can be decomposed into aromatic amines in the banned dyes 1, MAK (Ⅲ) A1and A2 will not have harmful effects on human body, but the fabrics containing carcinogenic aromatic amines will be absorbed by the skin and spread in human body after long-term contact with human body. Due to the normal metabolic process, the released substances are mixed together and undergo a reduction reaction to form carcinogenic aromatic amines. After human body is activated, the structure and function of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in human cells change, which becomes the inducing factor of human pathological changes, thus inducing cancer or causing allergies. The 22 aromatic amines are: chemical name, serial number, toxicity category,14-aminobiphenyl Ⅲ a12 benzidine Ⅲ a134-chloro -2- methylaniline Ⅲ a142-naphthylamine Ⅲ a15 o-aminoazotoluene Ⅲ A262. 3'- dichlorobenzidine iiia2103,3'-dimethylbenzidine iiia213,3'-dimethoxybenzidine iiia2123,3'-dimethyl -4-, 4'- diaminodiphenylmethane iiia265438+4'-diaminodiphenylmethane iiia2 1 5 o-toluidine iiia2162,4-diaminotoluene ⅵ5- trimethylaniline iiia221p-aminoazobenzene 22 o-aminophenylanisole according to the listed 22 kinds of aromatic amines, roughly. (b) Compounds in which the ortho or para position of the amino group in the benzene ring is substituted by methyl, methoxy and chlorine are carcinogenic. (c) Azobenzene, diphenylmethane, diphenyl ether and diphenyl sulfide compounds with amino groups in the para position are also carcinogenic. (d) None of these aromatic amines is soluble in water. 2. Whether carcinogenic dyes themselves cause cancer is a problem worthy of attention. It has been proved that the dyes listed in the table have carcinogenic effects on animals without reducing and cracking into carcinogenic aromatic amines. No, the C. i. index is not. 1C。 I Acid Red 26 will not reduce and decompose carcinogenic aromatic amine 2C. I acid red1143c.i. acid violet 49 will not reduce and decompose carcinogenic aromatic amine 4C. I directly blue 146C. It will reduce and decompose carcinogenic aromatic amines. 3. In dyeing, the influence of organochlorine carriers and other textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries on ecology sometimes far exceeds that of textiles themselves. Choosing good textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries will not only bring product quality to enterprises, reduce the cost of three wastes treatment, but also bring progress and health to society and mankind. (1) Organochlorine carriers disperse dye carriers are often used to dye polyester fibers, such as monochloro-o-phenylphenol, methyl dichlorophenoxyacetate, benzene dichloride, benzene trichloride, etc. Among phenolic compounds, alkylbenzene polyoxyethylene ether (APEO) is a nonionic surfactant commonly used in TX and OP series, which is widely used as wetting agent and detergent in textile industry. Denmark and Germany have banned the use of such products. (2) Nitrogen and phosphorus content Plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus can make the surface water eutrophic, resulting in rapid and excessive growth of algae, which will be in a state of severe hypoxia for a certain period of time, affecting the survival of fish. Generally speaking, when the total phosphorus is 20mg/m3 and the total nitrogen is 300mg/m3, it can be considered that the water body is in an eutrophic state. When eutrophication occurs, the role of phosphorus is greater than that of nitrogen. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the limited use according to the requirements of control indicators. (3) Metal complexing agents such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylene glycol diamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) are listed as cautious varieties by more and more countries because of their poor biodegradability. The harm of heavy metal ions is characterized by their potential. It can not only be decomposed by microorganisms in sewage treatment, but also be enriched in organisms. Organisms will also transform some heavy metal ions into more toxic organometallic compounds, which pose a great threat to human health. China (GB8978-88) stipulates that the emission standard of heavy metals in textile wastewater is: lead 1.0mg/L cadmium 0. 1mg/L total chromium 1.5mg/L chromium (hexavalent) 0.5mg/L copper 1 .0. L(4) Halogen Halogen-containing organic compounds are very few in textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries, but there are several varieties. Halogen-containing organic compounds should be used in limited quantities because of their high toxicity, and the discharge standard of generally absorbable organic halides in wastewater should be lower than 0.5 mg/L. The first batch of banned dyes in the list of banned dyes are *** 1 18, all of which use toxic aromatic amines as diazonium components of azo dyes, and the original aromatic amines are still obtained after reduction and decomposition. However, the forbidden range of dyes is far from this. Only 22 dyes derived from aromatic amines greatly exceeded 1 18. The molecular structure analysis of dyes and the actual measurement of dyed fabrics show that dyes synthesized with carcinogenic aromatic amines as intermediates, including azo dyes and other dyes, are prohibited even if they are not fully purified. It should be pointed out that not all azo dyes are prohibited dyes, and prohibited dyes are not limited to azo dyes. Dyes with other structures, such as sulfur dyes, vat dyes and some auxiliaries, may also contain these harmful aromatic amines and are banned. (1) direct dyes Among the banned dyes in 1 18, there are 77 kinds of direct dyes, and 15 kinds of prohibited direct dyes * * are not listed in German regulations. Such as: Direct Yellow GR or GGR, Bordeaux GB or B, Scarlet 4B or B, Purple 4RB, Purple N, Purple R, Black BN, Dark Blue L, Blue 2B, Green B, Sun-fast Green BLL, Yellow Brown D3G, Dark Brown M, Lake Blue 5B, 6B, Copper Salt Blue 2R, Copper Salt Blue BB, etc. (2) Among the banned dyes of acid dyes 1 18, there are 26 kinds of acid dyes, which are not among the banned dyes stipulated by Germany, and only 3 kinds of harmful acid dyes were investigated. Such as weak acid red G, acid red B, red 3BL, orange R, neutral black RBL, purple 5B, black NT, etc. (3) Disperse dyes Among the banned dyes in 1 18, there are 6 kinds of disperse dyes. According to incomplete statistics, there are 14 kinds of banned disperse dyes not listed in German regulations. Such as: disperse yellow RGFL, yellow E-3RL, yellow 3R, orange E, GFL, gray N, gray S-BN, etc. (4) Insoluble azo dyes 1 18 Among the banned dyes, the insoluble azo dyes have five chromophores, and the 1 chromophore is omitted. According to incomplete statistics, there are 9 kinds of chromophores harmful to the synthesis of aromatic amines. Such as: orange GC, scarlet G, blue B, bordeaux GBC, deep blue R, chromophore AS-G, AS-D, AS-OL, AS-BR and so on. (5) Among the basic dyes and dyes banned by oxidation chromophore 1 18, there are three basic dyes, and the other four basic dyes are banned because they contain harmful aromatic amines. Such as: alkaline brown RC, developer 14, etc. (6) Reactive dyes and vat dyes Germany 1 18 There are no reactive dyes and vat dyes in the banned dyes, but starting from 22 harmful aromatic amines, some of these two dyes will be banned. Such as reactive yellow K-R, blue KD-7G, yellow KE-4RNL, vat brilliant pink R, purple RH and corresponding soluble vat dyes. (7) Coatings (pigments), especially yellow, orange and red pastes, are restricted in use because the corresponding coatings are prohibited. For example, gold FG(6 103 is the coupling of chromophenol AS-OL and chromophore GL) and orange FGR(6 106 is the coupling of AS-D and chromophore GC). (8) Sulfide dyes, such as sulfur yellow brown 5G, 6G, red brown B3R, black green GH, CLP due, blue BN, etc. The dyes (and pigments) synthesized by MAK (Ⅲ) A1group 4 carcinogenic aromatic amines and MAK (Ⅲ) A2 18 suspected carcinogenic aromatic amines are prohibited. According to incomplete statistics, there are 19 1 dyes (including 165438 published in Germany), of which 93 are direct dyes, 30 are acid dyes, 26 are disperse dyes, 5 are chromophores of insoluble azo dyes and chromophores 15, and 8 are basic dyes and oxidation chromophores. The prohibition of these dyes undoubtedly greatly restricted the export of textiles, and also had a certain impact on China's dye industry. & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/SPAN>。