This paper analyzes the competitiveness of China's electronic information industry more comprehensively and objectively from the microscopic point of view through the comparative analysis of local enterprises and international multinational companies in the main fields of China's electronic information industry.
Information industry is a strategic, basic, leading and pillar industry for building a well-off society in an all-round way in China. At present, China has become a big country in electronic information industry, but the independent innovation ability is insufficient, the core basic industries are weak, the dominant backbone enterprises are lacking, and the electronic information industry is large but not strong. It is urgent to objectively analyze and evaluate the international competitiveness of China's electronic information industry and promote the transformation from large to strong. This paper analyzes the competitiveness of China's electronic information industry more comprehensively and objectively from the microscopic point of view through the comparative analysis of local enterprises and international multinational companies in the main fields of China's electronic information industry.
Comparison between China Top 100 Electronic Information and World Top 500 Electronic Information;
There is a big gap in overall competitiveness
Operating income
The scale of electronic information enterprises in China is far lower than that of foreign multinational companies. In 2005, the total revenue of the top 100 electronic information enterprises in China was more than $654.38+02 billion, which was 654.38+0/6 of the revenue of the top 654.38+00 enterprises in the world ($765.438+0962 billion). In 2005, the top four electronic enterprises in 100 accounted for only 1 1% of the top four electronic enterprises in the world.
Comparative analysis: China's electronic information products manufacturing enterprises are small in scale, which also determines that the overall competitiveness of China's electronic information products manufacturing industry is still far behind that of developed countries.
-Operating profit margin
The operating profit rate of electronic information enterprises in China is low. The top 100 electronic information companies in China 10, except Shenzhen Huawei, all have operating profit margins below 5%, of which 7 have profit margins below 2%, while the profit margins of Intel, Samsung Electronics and Dell in 2005 were 22.3%, 18.8% and 6.4% respectively.
The operating income of electronic information products manufacturing enterprises in China is much lower than that of multinational companies, and their profits are naturally lower because of their low operating profits.
R&D investment
In 2005, China's former 100 home appliance subsidiary invested a total of US$ 4.48 billion in R&D, while multinational companies such as IBM, Intel, Samsung, Microsoft and Nokia all invested more than US$ 5 billion in R&D in the same period. In 2004, the total R&D investment of the top five enterprises in China IT Innovation Index Ranking exceeded 654.38+0.2 billion yuan, while the R&D investment of IBM, Sony, Microsoft, Panasonic and Siemens in 2004 was as high as 26.7 billion dollars. A large amount of R&D investment by multinational companies has brought about the improvement of technical level: by 2004, IBM had kept the number of patents in the United States first for 12 years in a row, and in 2004 it was 3428; In 2004, Samsung Electronics invested US$ 5.86 billion in R&D, and its operating profit rate was as high as 18.8%.
Comparative analysis: In contrast, the R & ampd investment of China enterprises is insufficient, the R&D capability is weak, the development of microelectronics technology, software technology, network technology and digital technology is lagging behind, special materials, special equipment and key parts are mainly imported, and the core technology is controlled by people.
Computer enterprises: there is little difference in sales profit rate.
Operating income
In 2005, the sales revenue of Hewlett-Packard Company and Dell Company reached 799. 1 billion dollars and 492. 1 billion dollars respectively. Compared with them, there is still a big gap between the two largest computer companies with their own brands in China (Lenovo and Founder). In 2005, Lenovo acquired IBM's computer division, and its sales revenue increased from $5.07 billion in 2004 to $65.438+0.352 billion in 2005, but it was only about 654.38+0/6 of HP and 654.38+0/4 of Dell. Founder's sales revenue in 2005 was US$ 3.24 billion, equivalent to HP's 654.38+0/ respectively.
Operating gross profit
Comparing four domestic and foreign computer enterprises from the perspective of sales profit rate, we can see that there is a certain gap between domestic enterprises and multinational companies, but the gap between sales profit rate and sales income is not large. Among the four computer companies, the sales profit rate of Dell is 6.4%, that of HP is 3.0%, that of Founder is 3.3%, and that of Lenovo is 1.9%.
R&D investment
The gap between China enterprises' investment in R&D and international first-class enterprises is not obvious. Hewlett-Packard's R&D investment accounted for the proportion of sales revenue, ranking first among the four enterprises, reaching 5.5%; China's Lenovo and Founder reached 1.4% and 4.9% respectively, but due to HP's high sales revenue, R&D investment is equivalent to 25 times that of Founder and Lenovo. It is worth noting that Dell, which ranks first among the four companies, has a low proportion of R&D in sales revenue, and its R&D investment ratio is only 1.3%. Dell, which has grown up with innovative marketing model, is an alternative of global IT multinational companies.
Per capita sales revenue
Comparing these computer enterprises from the perspective of per capita sales revenue, we can see that domestic enterprises lag behind multinational companies in per capita sales revenue. Dell's per capita sales revenue ranks first among several enterprises, reaching 896,5438+0,000 USD/person; Hewlett-Packard ranks second, with per capita sales income of $529,000 per person; Lenovo and Founder are $267,000/person and $6,543.8+0.34 million/person respectively.
Comparative analysis: Lenovo and Founder, local enterprises in China, and Hewlett-Packard and Dell, multinational companies, have the largest product revenue gap, and HP's revenue reaches about 30 times that of Founder; In terms of product sales profit rate, although multinational companies are higher than local enterprises as a whole, the gap is not obvious; In R&D investment ratio, Lenovo and Founder have even surpassed Dell; From the perspective of per capita sales revenue, the gap between international and domestic enterprises is basically 3-4 times. It can be seen that although the sales scale of local computer enterprises in China is much lower than that of multinational companies, the sales profit is close to that of multinational companies. In addition, the advantages of China's computer industry in manufacturing are more obvious than those in technology, so the per capita sales income of China enterprises is lower, but it can be seen from the proportion of R&D investment that China enterprises are accelerating their pace of catching up with international enterprises.
Communication enterprises: narrowing the gap of R&D investment ratio
Operating income
In 2005, the sales revenues of Motorola and Nokia, which represent the high level of communication equipment manufacturing industry, were 46.52 billion dollars and 36.84 billion dollars respectively. Compared with Huawei and ZTE, which rank first in China, there is still a big gap. In 2005, Huawei's sales revenue was US$ 5.87 billion, equivalent to Nokia's 1/8 and Motorola's 1/6 respectively. ZTE's sales revenue is US$ 2.70 billion, which is equivalent to117 of Nokia and114 of Motorola respectively.
Operating gross profit
In 2005, there was still a big gap between Huawei, ZTE, Nokia and Motorola in sales revenue, but from the sales profit rate of the four enterprises, the gap between domestic-funded enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises was not big. In 2005, Huawei's sales profit rate was as high as 1 1.0%, while ZTE's sales profit rate was 7.4%. Communication equipment manufacturing enterprises are one of the few enterprises in China whose profit level is comparable to that of international multinational companies. However, due to the small scale of domestic enterprises, there is still a big gap in profits compared with multinational companies.
R&D investment
Communication equipment manufacturing industry is one of the industries in which R&D investment accounts for the highest proportion of sales revenue, with an average of about 10%, which is higher than the average level of audio-visual 3% and computer 5%. Comparing these international and domestic communication enterprises from the perspective of R&D investment, we can see that from the perspective of four communication equipment manufacturers, the proportion of R&D investment in sales revenue is almost at the same level. In particular, domestic Huawei's R&D investment is as high as 10. 1%, only 2.6 percentage points behind Nokia and 0.3 percentage points higher than Motorola. It can be said that in terms of R&D investment, domestic representative enterprises Huawei and ZTE have reached the international leading level.
Per capita sales revenue
Comparing these international and domestic communication enterprises from the perspective of per capita sales revenue, we can see that domestic enterprises lag behind international leading enterprises in per capita sales revenue. Nokia's per capita sales revenue ranks first among several enterprises, reaching 765,438+0.4 million USD/person; Motorola ranks second, with per capita sales income of $460,000 per person; Huawei and ZTE are 6.5438+0.27 million USD/person and 6.5438+0.08 million USD/person respectively.
Comparative analysis: Nokia and Motorola, two multinational communication companies, have absolute advantages in product revenue and per capita sales revenue, far higher than Huawei and ZTE, and the average gap remains at ten times and six or seven times; In terms of product sales profit rate, the gap between domestic representative enterprises and international representative enterprises is very small; As far as the proportion of R&D investment is concerned, international representative enterprises and domestic representative enterprises are basically at the same level. It can be seen that although the scale and per capita sales revenue of local communication enterprises in China are far lower than those of multinational companies, they are developing rapidly and their core competitiveness is constantly improving, and they are comparable to international advanced enterprises in terms of product sales profit rate and R&D investment ratio.
Audio-visual enterprises: R&D investment gap is large.
Operating income
In 2005, the top three audio-visual enterprises in 19 electronic information top 100 enterprises, Haier, TCL and SVA, earned $65.438+0.299 billion, $6.52 billion and $3.66 billion respectively, which was far from the $79 billion and $66.33 billion of Panasonic and Sony, the top 500 enterprises in the world. It can be seen that Haier was one of the top 100 electronic information enterprises in 2005.
Operating gross profit
In 2005, the profit margins of Panasonic and Sony were 29.9% and 23.5% respectively. Haier's sales profit rate is only 1.3%, which is not only lower than that of similar international multinational companies, but also lower than the average sales profit rate of the whole electronics industry. The low profit level greatly affects and restricts the promotion of the international competitiveness of China audio-visual enterprises.
R&D investment
In 2004, the R&D expenditures of Haier, TCL and SVA were US$ 570 million, US$ 240 million and US$/kloc-0.30 billion, respectively, which were far from Panasonic's US$ 5.27 billion and Sony's US$ 4.68 billion. In terms of relative quantity, the R&D expenditure of Haier, TCL and SVA accounted for 4.3%, 3.3% and 3.5% of sales revenue in 2004, while that of Panasonic and Sony was 6.5% and 7.0% respectively, and the difference in relative quantity was also obvious.
Per capita sales revenue
Among the four audio-visual enterprises, Sony has the highest per capita sales profit rate, reaching $440,000/person; Panasonic and Haier's per capita sales profit rate is roughly the same, about 240 thousand dollars per person, while TCL is only 96 thousand dollars per person. This shows that the competitive strength of some domestic enterprises such as Haier has been improved.
Comparative analysis: Panasonic and Sony, audio-visual multinational companies, have an absolute advantage in the proportion of product operating income and R&D investment in sales income, which is much higher than Haier and TCL, the local enterprises in China, and the gap is more than 10 times; In terms of product sales profit rate, multinational companies are also much higher than local enterprises; In terms of per capita sales revenue, the gap is narrowing, and Haier's per capita sales revenue even exceeds that of Panasonic in Japan. Thus, although the scale and R&D investment of local audio-visual enterprises in China are far lower than those of multinational companies, they are developing rapidly, and the per capita sales income gap is gradually narrowing.
Integrated circuit enterprises: enterprise scale gap 10 times or more.
Comparative analysis of integrated circuit manufacturing enterprises
In terms of the scale of integrated circuit manufacturing enterprises, the total sales revenue of the top ten integrated circuit enterprises in China in 2005 was US$ 2.68 billion, which was less than114 of the sales revenue of Intel, the largest integrated circuit enterprise in the world, and accounted for 2.2% of the total sales revenue of the top ten integrated circuit enterprises in the world (US$197.4 billion). From the perspective of a single enterprise, the sales revenue of integrated circuit enterprises in Chinese mainland except SMIC is less than $654.38+0 billion, and the sales revenue of the 6543.8+00th enterprise among the top ten integrated circuit manufacturers in the world has reached $5.7 billion. From the perspective of leading enterprises, the sales revenue of SMIC, the largest integrated circuit enterprise in Chinese mainland, in 2005 was only $6,543.8+$46 million. The sales revenue of Intel, the world's largest integrated circuit manufacturer, is as high as $35.85 billion, about 26 times that of SMIC.
Comparative analysis of integrated circuit design enterprises
Integrated circuit design is the core of integrated circuit industry development. Comparing the sales revenue of global and China 10 integrated circuit design enterprises in 2005, there is no China enterprise among the global 10 integrated circuit design enterprises. On the whole, the total sales revenue of China 10 IC design enterprises is $645 million, which is less than15 of Qualcomm, the largest IC design enterprise in the world, and accounts for about 3 1% of the total sales revenue of 10 IC design enterprises in the world ($20.7 billion). From the perspective of a single enterprise, the sales revenue of China's integrated circuit design enterprises is less than $654.38+0 billion except Zhuhai Juli, and the sales revenue of the 654.38+00th integrated circuit design enterprise in the world has reached $654.38+0654.38+0 billion. From the perspective of leading enterprises, Zhuhai Juli, the largest integrated circuit design enterprise in China, has a sales income of only $65,438+57 million; The sales revenue of Qualcomm, the world's largest integrated circuit design company, is US$ 3.5 billion, which is about 22 times that of Zhuhai Torch Power.
Comparative analysis: China's local integrated circuit enterprises, whether in integrated circuit manufacturing or IC design, are far smaller than multinational companies, and the scale gap of enterprises exceeds 10 times. It can be seen that the gap between China's integrated circuit enterprises and even the whole component enterprises and multinational companies is very obvious, and their international competitiveness is very weak.
(Note: The data in this paper mainly come from Fortune 500, China Top 100 Electronic Enterprises in 2005 published by the Ministry of Information Industry, websites of major companies and CCID, etc. )