26-8-1 8:25
Abstract: There are 52 million mu of saline-alkali soil in China, which are distributed in 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Including more than 1 cities. Most of the north is slightly alkaline soil. The research on landscape technology of saline-alkali soil is of great significance in reality. The National Cooperative Group for Saline-alkali Soil Greening and Development organized nine units including Dezhou Garden Office, Dezhou Saline-alkali Soil Greening Research Institute, Dezhou Agricultural School, Dezhou Experimental Station of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Linda University, Dezhou Association for Science and Technology Development Center, Daqing Oil Production Plant No.5, Dezhou Association for Science and Technology, and Linpan Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield to select three basic types of representative saline-alkali soil in all parts of the country, including Dezhou, Tianjin, Dongying, Daqing and Yinchuan to carry out ten projects on saline-alkali soil gardening. Three won the third prize of provincial scientific and technological progress; Two won the second prize of municipal scientific and technological progress. By applying the series of greening technologies and product development of "Ten Major Topics", many greening projects such as the greening of Dezhou Central Plaza have been completed successively.
Keywords: Salt-tolerant flowers and trees in saline-alkali soil gardens
The "Ten Topics" of Salt-tolerant Lawns are unique topics in the field of gardens in China. The main points of all the research results are summarized as follows.
1. Micro-area soil improvement and greening technology
The research results show that artificial ecological conditions are used to improve soil in tree holes, tree pools, flower beds and green areas by using isolation layers, sieve-hole salt separation films and alkali-proof planting bags, forming desalination micro-areas, and locally controlling soil salt return (burying shower pipes or washing salt with ribbed plastic pipe drainage in heavy saline-alkali soil); Can effectively improve the survival rate of trees and flowers. Organic materials such as furnace ash, sawdust, wheat bran, wheat straw and rice straw can be used as the material of the salt barrier. According to the examination and approval of Dezhou Finance Bureau, in 1989 ~ 1991, the indirect economic benefit of Dezhou City was 1.56 million yuan only by using this technology to save the seedling fee. The project won the bronze prize in the second international exhibition of inventions and patents (Guangzhou), and its paper "Salinity change of planting trees in saline-alkali soil micro-area" was read out at the international symposium on saline soil (Nanjing).
(This achievement won the second prize of Dezhou Science and Technology Progress Award in 1989)
Second, the greening design mode of Dezhou garden
Dezhou is a famous saline-alkali area in China, so it is imperative to explore a garden design mode suitable for Dezhou soil environment. According to the soil and environmental conditions in Dezhou City, the project screened out the best modes of several main types of garden green space, such as residential garden, street garden, road greening, car parking green space and courtyard greening, highlighted plant landscaping, and screened out plant varieties suitable for trees, flowers and grass in Dezhou City. Building ecological gardens. Therefore, soil improvement, cultivation techniques, plant selection and plant landscaping are modeled according to local conditions.
(This achievement won the second prize of Dezhou Science and Technology Progress Award in 1989)
Third, the screening of salt-tolerant flowers, trees and ground cover plants
A screening nursery was set up in the moderate saline-alkali zone of Dezhou City. Combining selection with introduction, 16 kinds of garden plants were collected from all over the country and planted in the screening nursery for observation and testing. At the same time, the salt tolerance test of potted plants was carried out. After three years' observation, comparison and selection, Sophora japonica, Bai La, weeping willow, Fraxinus fatuatus, Ailanthus altissima, Torch Tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentosa, Populus euphratica, Melia azedarach, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina chinensis, cypress, jujube tree, apricot tree, mulberry tree, pear tree, pomegranate, Rosa rugosa, Rosa rugosa, Hibiscus, Rosa rugosa. The subject also studied the salt tolerance of Longbai, Pomegranate, Lagerstroemia indica, Okra and Dutch chrysanthemum, investigated 1 kinds of salt-tolerant wild ground cover plants in Dezhou and their applications in ecological gardens, and compiled a list of salt-tolerant garden plants in Dezhou.
(This project won the third prize of provincial scientific and technological progress in 1993 and the second prize of the 4th National Flower Expo (Shanghai) in 1997. )
IV. Introduction of ground-cover chrysanthemum
Ground-cover chrysanthemum is an important scientific research achievement of Beijing Linda University. The purpose of "wild breeding" was achieved by using the method of distant hybridization, and the chrysanthemum was liberated from the flowerpot. Through large-scale open cultivation, it presented a colorful and colorful group beauty. Can be used as flower bed, block planting, belt planting, cut flowers, potted flowers and so on. It has the advantages of strong stress resistance, alkali resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, long flowering period and extensive management resistance. Professor Chen Junyu, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a national famous professor of Beijing Linda University, personally came to Dezhou for guidance and conducted cultivation experiments in different types of saline-alkali land in Dezhou. After 3 years' research, 8 varieties suitable for Dezhou area were screened out from 15 varieties, mainly including ground lotus, beautiful dwarf yellow, late pink, sunset red and purple lotus, which enriched the seasonal flower varieties of Dezhou National Day. In 1995, there were more than 4 thousand pots of flowers on the streets of Dezhou City, of which 8% were ground cover chrysanthemums.
(This subject was appraised by the Municipal Science and Technology Commission in 1993. )
V. Development of new chrysanthemum cultivation technology and cut flower production technology
Chrysanthemum is a city flower in Dezhou, which has won many awards in the national chrysanthemum exhibition. However, the traditional cultivation technology is far from meeting the needs of modern landscaping. In 1992, a research topic was set up, and the best formula of special nutrient soil suitable for chrysanthemum cultivation in Dezhou has been screened out. At the same time, the supporting measures of chrysanthemum cultivation and management, including the formula of chrysanthemum foliar fertilizer, were summarized. .2% urea in the early stage, .3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the middle stage, .2% magnesium sulfate and .1% boric acid in the bud-growing stage, thus reaching the five standards of short chrysanthemum, large flowers, Ye Quan, thick stems and bright colors. The main varieties of famous chrysanthemums in Dezhou are Ruixue, Green Wave, Phoenix Feather, Xiangguo Love, Moju and so on. Suitable for soil and water cultivation in saline-alkali areas of North China.
(In 1997, he won the second prize of Dezhou Science and Technology Progress Award. )
VI. New greening technology of soda saline-alkali soil
The experimental area is located in No.5 Oil Production Plant of Daqing City. Through repeated experiments, ten garden plants suitable for soda saline-alkali soil in Northeast China, such as Salix mandshurica, Acer truncatum, Rose, Sambucus williamsii and Prunus ulmoides, were selected. The survival rate of Acer mandshurica planted with improved fertilizer of soda saline-alkali soil was as high as 93.4%. Soda saline-alkali soil improved fertilizer can effectively reduce soil pH value. The role of promoting soil desalination. This paper summarizes a set of new experiences in greening soda saline-alkali soil in cold areas by applying chemical improvement technology combined with tree species selection.
(passed the expert meeting organized by Daqing in October 1994. )
VII. Development of improved fertilizer for horticultural saline-alkali soil
This product is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the formula design is made of 16 kinds of raw materials, such as "sodium ion adsorbent", "chemical modifier" and "total modifier". It contains 8-1% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and its pH is pH5.5. By using the principle of acid-base neutralization, ion adsorption and salt chemical reaction, the salt content and pH of soil are reduced, and various saline-alkali soils are improved. The effect of nutrient supply is obvious, and the yellowing disease of flowers and trees is prevented. Suitable for saline-alkali soil with salt content below .4%, garden trees, flowers, lawns, potted flowers and fresh cut flowers in protected areas. Yinchuan Association for Science and Technology was used in Xinjiang nursery, with the dosage of 1kg per mu, and the height and diameter of seedlings increased by 49cm and .49cm respectively compared with the control. It was used in Xinjiang poplar afforestation, with 1㎏ improved fertilizer applied per plant, the survival rate increased by 8.7% compared with the control, and the growth of new shoots increased by 3.7cm. It was used in young forests of spruce and Platycladus orientalis, with 1.5kg per plant. The annual average height growth is 2.9cm and 4.9cm higher than that of the control. The soil pH value of the above three places is 8., and after four months of applying the improved fertilizer, the measured pH values are 7., 6.75 and 6.25 respectively. The survival rate of planting cedar, rose and lawn with the improved fertilizer of horticultural saline-alkali soil in Cuiting Village, Tianjin Development Zone reaches 95%. < P > (It won the third prize of Shandong Science and Technology Progress Award in 1997. )
VIII. Study on lawn cultivation and alkali-resistant lawn fertilizer in saline-alkali land
After two years of experiments, eight varieties of saline-alkali resistant lawn were screened out, and the multi-component mixed grass species (Oriental Pearl, Sprite and Gramine) of different varieties of tall fescue, Kentucky Bluegrass and perennial ryegrass were studied, which increased the adaptability of lawn to stress. According to the law of lawn fertilizer demand and the characteristics of saline-alkali land, a special fertilizer which can not only change alkali but also increase fertilizer and prolong the green period of lawn was prepared. Manila lawn was planted on 2, m2 of moderately saline soil in Linpan Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield, and it was spread at a rate of 1.kg per m2. After two months, the turf formation rate was 8% higher than that of the control, and there was no salt return and yellow withered phenomenon. The green period is extended by 16 ~ 2 days. In 1996, the greening project of the water purification plant in the development zone built by Liuyuan nursery in Tianjin, the soil salt content was .4%, the soil pH value was 8.5, 4 tons of "special fertilizer for saline-alkali lawn" was applied, and the mixed lawn of ryegrass and Festuca arundinacea was sown for more than 4, m2 at a time. Won the second place in the evaluation of greening project in development zone. Under the same site conditions in the development zone, the turf formation rate in the control area is only 7%.
IX. Cultivation techniques of cedar in saline-alkali land < P > Whether cedar can be cultivated in saline-alkali land is a controversial issue in the world garden community. After ten years' research, a whole set of cedar cultivation techniques was summarized, and the main points were summarized as follows:
(1) Engineering measures were taken to raise the ground by using flower beds, and the ratio of tree height to flower bed diameter was 2: 1 ~ 2, and the height of the tree altar was 6 ~ 1 cm. Salt barrier and sandy "nano-ion adsorbent" were laid at the bottom of the altar, and the leaching layer was used to control the alkali return and waterlogging of the underground fence roots.
(2) special culture soil for cedar, the formula is as follows:
garden saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer 2%, vermiculite 5%, peat 2%, plain soil 4%, coarse sand 3% and ore sand 4%.
(3) controlling water and fertilizer after beginning of autumn, enriching plant tissues and watering drought-resistant water once in early winter are key technologies, which can effectively prevent low temperature.
(4) Improve the alkalescent water with water quality improver.
X. Study on the Application of New Greening Technology in Dezhou Central Square
Dezhou Central Square covers an area of 4.8 hectares and is located on the east bank of the new lake. In the 196s, it was a saline-alkali land. Comprehensive improvement measures were taken, including the use of new salt-tolerant flowers and trees, the improvement of alkali in micro-areas, the improvement of fertilizer in horticultural saline-alkali soil and the application of new design art, which achieved success.
The idea of garden design adopts abstract design with big lines, big strokes, big color blocks and big effect, and highlights colorful foliage plants and flowers for landscaping. There are more than 5, plants, and the greening area reaches 34.2%. The overall plant configuration is based on lawn, dotted with a small number of characteristic tree species such as cedar and palm, and the natural mountain landscape is simulated with slightly undulating terrain. The whole square is dotted with more than 2 kinds of low flowers and shrubs to maintain a wide spatial view of the whole park, forming a plant landscape with flowers in three seasons and many flowers blooming together, and evergreen all the year round.
The plant landscaping pattern highlights "red, yellow, green", which is novel and unique, and pays attention to large-scale color contrast, with simple and smooth curves as the main features. Berberis amurensis with red purple leaves, Ligustrum lucidum with yellow gold leaves, cypress balls with light green and boxwood seeds form all kinds of "red, yellow and green" patterns, forming abstract graphic beauty and color beauty. In the flower pond around the square, dozens of groups of abstract "spray" pictures are formed with low cypress balls, which means that the economic development of Texas is advancing by leaps and bounds, and clusters of Mannheim-rich roses, fiery flowers and rich fragrance are refreshing.
(Dezhou Central Plaza won the gold medal of provincial urban design excellent project in 1998. )
Conclusion:
Comprehensive soil improvement measures combined with scientific selection of flowers, trees and lawn varieties can achieve twice the result with half the effort, and horticultural saline-alkali soil can be used to improve fertilizer in mild saline-alkali land; Moderate saline-alkali soil is improved with micro-area soil and horticultural saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer (exotic soil); Pipe drainage and horticultural saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer (exotic soil) are set in severe saline-alkali soil.