As the largest automobile producer and consumer in the world, the research on batteries for pure electric vehicles in the United States mainly focuses on lithium batteries, and the number of patents related to lithium batteries accounts for more than 70% of the number of patents for power batteries, followed by lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, air batteries and sodium batteries. Judging from the total number of patent applications in the world, as of June 20 10, the number of patent applications related to pure electric vehicle batteries and their management systems in the United States ranked second only to Japan. Judging from the number of patent applications in the United States, among the patent applications related to batteries for pure electric vehicles and their management systems, Japanese applicants have the largest number of patents, accounting for nearly 60% of the total, while American applicants are second only to Japan. The research on batteries for pure electric vehicles mainly focuses on lithium batteries, followed by lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, sodium batteries and air batteries. Judging from the total number of patent applications in the world, as of June 20 10, the number of patent applications related to batteries and their management systems for pure electric vehicles in Germany ranks sixth in the world, which is far from that in Japan, accounting for only 1 1% of the Japanese patent applications. Judging from the number of patent applications in Germany, German applicants hold about 43% of the total patents, which is higher than Japan, which ranks second. On a global scale, Germany's technical strength in the field of battery and its management system for pure electric vehicles is far less than that of Japan, but within its own scope, Germany has strong technical advantages and the number of patents is higher than that of Japan.
According to a report released on June 7th, 20 13 by a well-known European consulting company, the manufacturing prospect of global electric vehicles is not optimistic except China.
This report compares the electric vehicle markets of seven major automobile manufacturing countries, including Germany, France, Italy, the United States, Japan, China and South Korea, and analyzes the development status of electric vehicle industries in various countries from the aspects of technology, industrial development and market development.
The report pointed out that the profit margin brought by the production of electric vehicles is far less than that of traditional cars. This situation of high cost and limited income, coupled with the expectation that oil prices will stabilize in the next few years, makes the cost disadvantage of electric vehicles more obvious. However, among the seven countries mentioned above, only China's investment in the electric vehicle industry has not declined. Shen Jun, a partner of roland berger, said that in the long run, the electric vehicle market in China will continue to develop upward. China, Japan and South Korea continue to occupy major markets. In 20 12, the market share of batteries in the three countries was 37%, 28% and 33% respectively, with China accounting for the largest share, which boosted the development of electric vehicles to some extent. After the introduction of the subsidy standard for private purchase of new energy vehicles, the "subsidy" policies in some pilot cities have also been introduced, and the consumption of new energy vehicles has gradually started. Faced with broad market prospects, giants such as State Grid, China Southern Power Grid, CNOOC and Sinopec have raced around and set off a charging station boom. Shanghai Caoxi, Shenzhen Longgang, Chengdu Shiyang, Tangshan Nanhu, Yan 'an, Zhengzhou, Nanning and other places have built, are under construction or will open a large number of charging stations in the near future, of which Shanghai plans to reach the scale of 5,000 charging piles within three years; Changchun plans to build 15 charging station and 5,000 charging piles within three years ... Are the battery sizes and charging interfaces uniform? Can the battery quality pass the test? How much damage does fast charging do to the battery? When a series of problems began to appear.
At present, the battery technology of electric vehicles in China has developed rapidly, but there are two obvious shortcomings. The first disadvantage of electric vehicle battery is the lack of deep-seated technology, such as chemical problems, physical problems, temperature problems, structural problems and so on. In these aspects, our research and development is not enough, and we have not been able to establish a mathematical model to clarify these problems. Another disadvantage is the lack of evaluation system. Although some domestic electric vehicles are running well now, they lack a good evaluation system. For example, how safe the battery is and whether it can work normally in high and low temperature environments are not easy to evaluate.
In a densely populated country like China, the market potential of electric vehicles is huge, and there is still a big gap compared with the developed countries of electric vehicles. Therefore, we must catch up with the pace of electric vehicle research and development in developed countries, and carry out serious research and development in power supply, integrated circuits, power boards and other aspects, so that Qi Xin can work together to make the battery industry bigger and stronger. China's automobile power battery has entered the stage of industrialization from research and development, and there has been a momentum of accelerated development. The main performance of R&D products of electric vehicle power battery has reached the international advanced level, but there are still some weak links to be solved. At present, domestic automotive power batteries have shown obvious cost advantages. The cost of energy power batteries in some enterprises is only about half that of Japanese and American enterprises, which means that China can accelerate the commercialization of electric vehicles and realize large-scale export with cost advantage. At present, the global power battery industry is facing technical constraints and cost constraints. Only when the performance of power battery is improved, the cost is greatly reduced and it is applied on a large scale can other mature links be developed vigorously. Therefore, the power battery is the most valuable link in the electric vehicle industry chain, and it is most likely to obtain excess returns. Other links, such as motors and electronic control systems, have mature technology and market foundation, and there are many competitors, so they may only get average income.