1. The chloride content in electroplating solution is too high.
2. The iron impurity content in the electroplating solution is too high or the electroplating solution contains antimony and arsenic impurities.
3. Improper use of brightener or unbalanced brightener.
4. Use inferior cast copper anode.
5. Improper hanging mode of the workpiece, insufficient air stirring of the plating solution or poor cleaning.