Cultivation method of raw cottonseed husks of Pleurotus ostreatus
Cottonseed husks are the cotton husks of delinted cottonseeds and are scraps from oil processing plants. Cotton husks account for about 35% of the total weight of cotton seeds. my country's annual output of cotton husks is about 12 million tons, most of which are used for edible fungi production. According to research, cottonseed hulls are not only rich in nutrients, but also have a loose texture, strong water absorption, and good physical properties. When soaked with water or pressurized, they will not become hardened, have good air permeability, and contain a certain amount of air, which can provide the nutrients needed for mycelial growth. Oxygen is the most ideal raw material suitable for cultivation of oyster mushrooms.
1. Mushroom house construction: Existing empty houses, basements, etc. can be transformed into mushroom houses. If conditions permit, you can also build a new mushroom house. The mushroom house should face north and south, and be located on high ground, near water sources, and with convenient drainage.
2. Cottonseed husk medium: 100kg cottonseed husk, 5-8kg bran, 1kg compound fertilizer, 0.5kg lime, 25carbendazim, 135kg water
Because cottonseed hulls absorb water slowly, they must be sorted into small piles after mixing. After fully absorbing moisture for 4 hours, they can be bottled. After filling the bottles, make a hole 2cm in diameter and 3cm deep in the center of the material to facilitate access. The mother seed block accelerates germination and growth, and the bacterial age of the original seed in the medium using cottonseed hulls as the main medium is about 25 days.
3. Strain culture: The isolated mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus should be cultured at the most suitable temperature (25℃±2℃) and purified and transferred to tubes. Generally, the mycelium is cultured for 7-10 days. Can grow full of test tubes. If no stray bacteria appear, the isolation and culture is considered successful. However, whether this strain is excellent and its production value requires mushroom cultivation experiments.
4. Production of original species: The number of mycelium of the mother species is too small. In actual production, the first-level species must be expanded and multiplied into the second-level species (i.e., the original species) to meet the needs of production species.
For the preparation and production of Pleurotus ostreatus original seed culture medium, refer to the content of wood-rot fungus seed production in "Seed Production Technology". Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium is usually grown on sawdust culture medium to fill the bottle in 20-25 days. It can be used after 15-20 days on wheat grain culture medium. The hyphae of good original species are dense, white, even in growth, thick, cotton-like, and have wall-climbing phenomenon.
After the original species fills the bottle, it should be expanded into cultivated species immediately. Otherwise, once the nutrients are exhausted, the mycelium will age and even die. Wheat seeds should be used promptly.
5. Production of cultivated species: The original species are expanded and propagated to become cultivated species. Cultivation species are production species directly used in large-scale production, also known as third-level species. When producing cultivated seeds, due to the large number, it is often extensive and the cultivation place is not particular. Therefore, before sowing, the bacteria must also be checked for mites or other pests and diseases. If the bacteria are found to be infested with mites or pests and diseases, they should be killed immediately and discarded.
6. Selection of cultivation seasons: Although there are various warm-type varieties of oyster mushrooms, they are suitable for cultivation all year round. However, oyster mushrooms generally belong to the low-temperature type, but a small number of high-temperature types have been artificially selected to meet summer production needs. Most varieties are medium- and low-temperature types. According to the temperature requirements for the growth and development of oyster mushrooms, spring and autumn are the peak seasons for oyster mushroom production. The mid-temperature oyster mushroom production season begins in September in high-cold areas; the mid-temperature oyster mushroom production season begins in October in low-heat areas. Arranging a suitable production season according to the characteristics of different varieties, supplemented by heat preservation measures and appropriate cultivation methods can achieve successful cultivation.
7. Cultivation methods: Generally, you can choose short-wood cultivation and short-wood cultivation.
(1) Choose soft tree species suitable for the growth of oyster mushrooms, such as tung, liquidambar, poplar, sycamore, maple poplar, etc., and cut them down after the leaves fall in the first year and before they sprout in the second year. Trees have the richest nutrient stores during this period. When cutting down trees and transporting mushroom wood, the bark should be protected and the tree tops should be brushed with quicklime to avoid contamination with miscellaneous bacteria.
(2) After the mushroom wood is transported back to the cultivation site, it is cut into short pieces of 5-6 inches long. Mix the fungus into a paste with cold boiled water and evenly join it on the cross section and then overlap it. Spread bacteria on the two short logs, and then add the third short log... until the stack becomes unstable, then add the second stack. After each stack is connected, wooden slats are nailed on two or four sides to prevent loosening or collapse. When sawing mushroom wood, mark each section number to ensure the quality of the inoculation.
After the seeds are inoculated, some protective measures should be taken. It is strictly forbidden to shake the inoculated seeds to ensure normal colonization. The stacks should be covered with branches or thatch to provide shade, heat preservation and moisturizing.
(3) Piles should be buried ten days before and after the beginning of autumn. Piles can be buried in front of and behind the house, in woods, bamboo forests, under grape trellises, and other places that are protected from rain and can be shaded. Bury the short pieces of wood with mycelium grown vertically into the soil one by one, leaving only about 1 inch tall mushrooms on the ground. If the ground is left high, it will not be moisturized. There should be appropriate intervals between piles to avoid crowding of mushrooms. Walkways should be left 1.5 meters wide to facilitate management and mushroom picking.
(4) Mushroom management. From September to October, when the temperature drops and autumn rain occurs, mushrooms will begin to bloom. If rainfall is insufficient, artificial watering should be used. After picking mushrooms, stop spraying water for 7-10 days to improve ventilation conditions to facilitate the production of the next batch of mushrooms.
One inoculation of short wood cultivation can last for three years, with mushroom picking in autumn and winter and staking in spring and summer. Leave it to rest naturally in spring and summer, and get high yields in autumn and winter. If you water the mushrooms in spring and summer, the yield will be low and the piles will rot quickly. In autumn and winter, the yield will be seriously reduced, and the gain will not be worth the loss.
The success rate of short wood cultivation is high. Every 100 kilograms of short wood can yield more than 60 kilograms of fresh mushrooms, and the tall ones can reach more than 150 kilograms.