Issued by China National Standardization Administration Committee
order
Chapter 4 of this standard is mandatory, and the rest are recommended.
This standard refers to the American federal motor vehicle safety standards FMVSS 222: 1998 "School Bus Occupant Seat and Collision Protection" and FMVSS11:2004 "Rear View Mirror".
Transitional requirements for implementing this standard:
Article 4.2 of this standard on the strength of superstructure shall be implemented from 20 12 1.
Appendix A of this standard is normative, and Appendix B is informative.
Please note that some contents of this standard may involve patents. The publisher of this standard is not responsible for identifying these patents.
This standard is proposed by the National Development and Reform Commission.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 1 14).
The drafting unit of this standard:
National Bus Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China Highway Vehicle Machinery Co., Ltd., China Automobile Technology Research Center, zhengzhou yutong Bus.
Ltd., Dongfeng station wagon Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Happiness Bus Co., Ltd., Nanjing Iveco Automobile Co., Ltd., Peony Automobile Co., Ltd.
Ltd., Yangzhou Yaxing Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd., Yangzhou Yaxing Bus Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Kuangda Automobile Fabric Group Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this standard:
Xin Wang, Sun Ying, Li Weijing, Zhou Zhengping, Liu,,, Tao Ronghua, Tang Jingmei, Deng Yulin,
, Chen, Xu, Peng Jianbin,,
Technical requirements for school bus safety in special primary schools
1 range
This standard specifies the safety requirements for school buses for primary school students.
This standard is applicable to school buses for primary school students.
2 normative reference documents
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard by reference. All subsequent modifications (excluding errata) or revisions of dated reference documents are not applicable to this standard. However, parties who have reached an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this standard.
Test method for flammability of plastics-oxygen index method
Terminology of automobile body
Textiles-Combustion performance test-Oxygen index method
Combustion characteristics of GB 84 10 automobile interior materials.
Test method for smoke density of burning or decomposing building materials
GB/T 12428 calculation method of passenger car loading quality
GB 13057 Strength of passenger car seats and vehicle fixing devices
GB 13094-2007 passenger car structural safety requirements
GB 14 166 safety belts and restraint systems for adult occupants of motor vehicles.
GB 14 167 automobile seat belt installation fixing point
GB 15083 Strength requirements and test methods for automobile seats, seat fixtures and headrests.
GB 15084 performance and installation requirements of rearview mirrors for motor vehicles.
GB/T 17578 Provisions on the Strength of Bus Superstructure
GB 18986-2003 structural safety requirements for light passenger cars
GB/T 19056 automobile driving recorder
Strength of GB XXXXX special primary school bus seat and its vehicle fixing parts
QC/T 633 bus seat
3 Terms and definitions
Established in GB/T 4780, GB/T 12428, GB 13094-2007, GB 18986-2003, QC/T 633 and the following terms and definitions.
The meaning applies to this standard.
3. 1
school bus
Buses and buses used to pick up and drop off at least 5 students and their caregivers from kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools and other educational institutions. According to the ride object, it is divided into children's school buses, pupils' school buses and other school buses, and according to the vehicle attributes, it is divided into special school buses and non-special school buses.
[Amendment No.2 to [GB 7258, definition 3.2. 10]
3.2
School bus for school-age children
A school bus that takes students to and from school.
[Amendment No.2 to [GB 7258, definition 3.2. 10.2]
3.3
Special school bus
A school bus specially designed and manufactured for transporting students.
[Amendment No.2 of [GB 7258, definition 3.2. 10.3]
3.4
School bus for school-age children
The school bus for primary school students is specially designed and manufactured, with no less than 10 passengers.
3.5
Fender is a kind of plate with protective and decorative functions.
4 requirements
4. 1 General requirements
4. 1. 1 fire prevention measures
4. 1. 1. 1 engine compartment, fuel tank, fuel supply system, electrical equipment, wires, storage batteries and fire extinguishers shall meet the requirements of 4.4. 1~4.4.6 in GB 13094-2007 respectively. Combustible substances are not allowed in the range of 100mm around the exhaust system or other obvious heat sources unless they are effectively shielded.
4. 1. 1.2 The combustion performance of interior materials shall meet the following requirements:
4. 1. 1.2. 1 When tested by the method specified in GB 84 10, the maximum horizontal burning speed of the material is ≤70mm/min.
4. 1. 1.2.2 interior materials oxygen index OI≥22%;
A) For textiles, plastics and rubber-coated fabrics, samples should be cut from the position with the width of110, and the size of each sample is150 mm× 58 mm. For products that are too small to be sampled according to the specified size, this requirement is not required. The test method shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T 5454.
B) For other plastic materials, samples shall be taken according to table 1. This requirement is not required for products that are too small to be sampled according to the specified size. The test method shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T 2406.
4. 1.2 seat belt
4. 1.2. 1 Seat belts should be installed in every pupil's seat. Seat belts shall comply with the provisions of GB 14 166, and the strength of seat belt fixing points shall meet the requirements of M2 vehicles in GB 14 167.
4. 1.2.2 If there is a centralized control device that can open the seat belt on each seat, its control components should be set within the driver's operating range, and this device should not affect the normal operating function of each seat belt under any circumstances.
4. 1.3 crew seat
The special school bus for primary school students (hereinafter referred to as the "school bus") shall be equipped with at least one caretaker seat. When the number of seats exceeds 40, at least two caretaker seats shall be installed. The caretaker seats shall be arranged close to the passage and located at the front, middle or rear of the vehicle respectively. The seats of nursing staff should be permanently marked.
4. 1.4 driving recorder
Supporting materials
Unsupported material
4. 1. 1.2.3 The interior materials smoke density grade (SDR) of plastics is ≤ 75, and the test method shall be implemented according to the provisions of GB/T 8627-2007.
The school bus should be equipped with a driving recorder and meet the requirements of GB/T 19056.
4. 1.5 window
The school bus window should be fixed at the lower part or fully enclosed.
4. 1.6 Loading quality
The loading mass of primary school students is calculated as 48kg (including carry-on luggage), and the loading mass of train crew is calculated as 75kg.
4. 1.7 others
The body of a special school bus with a vehicle length of less than 6m should be a hatchback body, and more than half of the engine length should be located in front of the foremost point of the vehicle windshield. Double-decker buses and articulated buses should not be used as school buses.
4.2 Strength of superstructure
The strength of the superstructure shall meet the requirements of GB/T 17578.
4.3 seats
4.3. 1 long seat (refers to the seat with strip cushion and backrest used by two or more people) is used as a primary school seat, and the width of each cushion is not less than 350mm；; The width of a single seat cushion should be no less than 400 mm.
4.3.2 The depth of the seat is not less than 350mm, the height of the seat cushion is 280mm~380mm (except for the seat at the wheel cover), and the height of the backrest is not less than 710 mm. ..
4.3.3 Pupils' seats and vehicle fixing parts shall meet the requirements of GB XXXXX.
4.3.4 Primary school students' seats should be arranged vertically (consistent with the driving direction of vehicles). The seat cushion surface should not lean forward, and the armrest parallel to the seat cushion surface should be set on one side of the aisle, and the distance between the armrest and the seat cushion is 160mm~ 180mm.
4.3.5 The driver's seat and the caregiver's seat shall meet the requirements of GB 15083 and GB 13057 respectively. Pupil seats should not be easy-to-fold single seats.
4.3.6 If the school bus is equipped with devices to help students with mobility difficulties and/or using wheelchairs, it shall meet the requirements of Appendix A of GB 13094-2007.
4.4 baffle
4.4. 1 When there is no other seat back within 6 10mm in the longitudinal and transverse direction in front of the seat R point, a guard plate shall be installed in front of the seat position. The height of the upper edge of the guard plate from the floor should not be less than the height of the rear seat, and the height of the lower edge from the floor should not be more than 200mm, and the width should include the width corresponding to the backrest of such front seats.
4.4.2 After the test is conducted according to the seat forward leaning test method specified in GB XXXXX, the guard plate shall meet the following requirements:
A) the deformation of the guard plate should not interfere with the normal opening and closing of the door.
B) Any fixed point of the guard plate shall not be separated.
C) Any part of the guard plate shall not be separated.
4.5 exit
4.5. 1 Minimum export quantity
The minimum number of school bus exits shall meet the requirements in Table 2, so as to meet the evacuation of passengers and rescue outside the bus in case of emergency.
Number of passenger doors
There should be at least two doors, at least one of which is a passenger door. See Table 3 for the minimum number of passenger doors.
Number of evacuation hatches
4.5.3. 1 The school bus with less than 33 passengers should have at least one exit at the front and rear walls, otherwise an evacuation hatch should be set.
School buses with more than 33 people (including 33 people) in 4.5.3.2 should be equipped with evacuation hatches. See Table 4 for the minimum number of evacuation hatches.
Location of exit
4.5.4.2 vehicles have at least one left exit and one right exit.
There is at least one exit in the first half of 4.5.4.3 passenger area and at least one exit in the second half.
If there is an evacuation port on the roof or floor of 4.5.4.5, it should be located in the middle of the vehicle (the length of this range is equal to 65438+ 0/2 of the vehicle length); If there are two evacuation hatches, the distance between two adjacent sides (measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle) should be at least 2m.
Minimum size of outlet
The minimum size of various sockets shall comply with the provisions in Table 5.
4.5.4. 1 The passenger door shall be set on the right or rear of the vehicle.
4.5.4.4 double entry door is counted as two doors, and each double window or multiple windows is counted as two emergency windows.
technical requirement
Technical requirements for passenger doors
Passenger doors shall meet the requirements of 4.4.4~4.4.5 in GB 18986-2003.
4.5.6.2 emergency export technical requirements
A) the emergency door shall meet the requirements of 4.5.6 in GB 13094-2007;
B) For school buses with less than b)33 passengers, the emergency window shall meet the requirements of 4.4.7 in GB 18986-2003; For school buses with more than 33 passengers (including 33 passengers), the emergency window shall meet the requirements of 4.5.7 in GB 13094-2007;
C) The evacuation port shall meet the requirements of 4.5.8 in GB 13094-2007.
Opening of emergency exits
The locking device of emergency exit shall be able to be manually unlocked and opened from inside and outside the vehicle, and the unlocking force and opening force shall not exceed178n n. ..
Emergency exit sign
4.5.8. 1 Each emergency exit shall be marked with "emergency exit" or international symbol on the vehicle.
The emergency controllers of passenger doors and all emergency exits in 4.5.8.2 should be marked with symbols or clear words in the carriages.
4.5.8.3 should have clear instructions on operation methods at or near each emergency controller at the exit.
4.6 Interior Layout
4.6. 1 passenger door approach
4.6. 1. 1 The extended space from the passenger door to the carriage shall allow the vertical flat plate 1 or vertical flat plate 2 (see figure 1) to pass freely. The movement direction of the front of the riser is consistent with the passenger's entry direction.
4.6. 1.2 When the center line of the vertical plate 1 (or 2) moves more than 300mm from the initial position, touch the bottom of the plate with the tread and keep it at this position.
4.6. 1.3 The cylinder used to check the passage space (see Figure 3) moves from the passage in the direction of passengers leaving the vehicle until its center line reaches the vertical plane where the outer edge of the last step is located or the upper cylinder contacts the vertical plate 1 (or 2), whichever comes first, and remains at this position (see Figure 2).
4.6. 1.4 The vertical plate 3 shall be allowed to pass freely between the air cylinder at the above position and the vertical plate 1 (or 2) at the position described in 4.6. 1.2 (see Figure 2). The vertical flat plate 3 has the same shape and size as the central part of the cylinder described in 4.6.5, and its thickness is not more than 20 mm ... The vertical plate 3 moves from the position tangent to the cylinder to the position where its outer plate is in contact with the vertical plate 1, and its bottom is in contact with the plane formed by the outer edge of the step, and the moving direction is consistent with the direction of passengers entering and leaving the passenger door.
4.6. 1.5 The clear space through which the above measuring device can freely pass shall not include the space from the floor to the highest point of the seat cushion within 300mm before the seat cushion of the forward or backward seat is uncompressed or within 225mm before the seat installed on the wheel cover.
4.6. 1.6 The folding seat shall be measured in the seat open position.
4.6. 1.7 It is allowed to measure the folding seat of the controller in the folding position if the following requirements are met:
A) clearly mark this seat in the car for the use of caregivers only;
B) The seat shall be automatically folded when not in use, so as to meet the requirements of 4.6.1.1~ 4.6.1.5;
C) No matter whether the seat is in use position or folded state, any part of the seat should be located in front of the vertical plane connecting the center of the upper surface (final position) of the driver's seat cushion with the center of the right rearview mirror outside the vehicle.
4.6. 1.8 For a school bus with a maximum designed total mass of no more than 3.5t and no more than 18 seats, it is not necessary to meet the requirements of 4.6.1.1~ 4.6.1.4.
The accessibility in 4.6. 1.9 4.6. 1.8 shall meet the requirements of 4.5. 1.7 in GB 18986-2003.
Emergency door method
4.6.2. 1 emergency door approach shall meet the requirements of 4.6.2 in GB 13094-2007.
The entrance of the school bus safety door specified in 4.6.2.2 4.6.1.8 shall meet the requirements in GB 18986-2003 4.5. 1.6.
4.6.3 emergency window passability
4.6.3. 1 Each emergency window should be able to meet the requirements of the corresponding measuring tools moving from the tunnel to the outside of the vehicle through the emergency window.
The movement direction of 4.6.3.2 test gauge should be consistent with the direction of passengers exiting the vehicle, and its front (maximum end face) should be perpendicular to the movement direction.
For school buses with less than 33 passengers in 4.6.3.3, the measuring instrument is an ellipsoid with a long axis of 500mm and a short axis (rotating shaft) of 330mm; For school buses with more than 33 people (including 33 people), the measuring tool should be a thin plate with a size of 600mm×400mm and a fillet radius of 200mm, but if the emergency window is at the rear of the vehicle, its size can be changed to 1 400mm×350mm and the fillet radius is175 mm. ..
4.6.4 The passability of the evacuation hatch
Roof exit
At least one roof exit shall meet the following accessibility: measured with a regular quadrangular prism whose side faces make an angle of 20 with the vertical plane and the height is 1 600mm (the side length is not limited): the axis of the prism shall be kept vertical, and when its upper bottom surface is located in the opening area of the roof exit and is not lower than the height of the outer surface of the roof, its lower bottom surface shall be able to contact the seat or the corresponding bracket. The bracket can be folded or moved, but it should be locked in the required position.
4.6.4.2 floor exit
4.6.4.2.1There should be a clearance equivalent to the height of the passage above the air outlet of the floor (see Figure 4). The measuring tool (thin plate with radius of 600 mm×400mm and fillet radius of 200mm) should reach the ground directly from the height above the floor 1m, and the board surface should be horizontal when passing.
4.6.4.2.2 Any heat source or moving parts shall be not less than 500mm away from the floor air outlet.
4.6.5 Channels
4.6.5. 1 The channel shall allow the measuring equipment (see Figure 3) to pass freely. If you touch other flexible objects (such as seat belts) when passing, you can take them off.
If there is no exit in front of the seat in 4.6.5.2, the passage here should meet the requirements of 4.6.5.2 in GB 13094-2007.
Steps are allowed in the 4.6.5.3 passage, and the width of the top of the steps should not be less than the width of the passage, and the surfaces of the passage and approach road should be non-slip.
In 4.6.5.4, for school buses with maximum designed gross mass not exceeding 3.5t and seats not exceeding 18, if each seat has at least two barrier-free access doors and meets the requirements of 4.5. 1.7 in GB 18986-2003, there is no need for access.
4.6.6 Steps
When the school bus is empty, the height of the first step from the ground should be no more than 350mm, allowing the telescopic steps to meet the requirements. The height of other steps at all levels should not exceed 250 mm, and the effective depth (the horizontal distance from the front edge of this step to the front edge of the next step) should not be less than 200 mm. ..
Pedals (including telescopic pedals) of school buses should have anti-skid function, and the front edge of pedals should be clearly identifiable.
4.6.7 Space for student seats
Seat spacing +0
4.6.7. 1. 1 Seat spacing h of pupils' seats: the distance between the front of pupils' seat backs and the front seat backs (measured horizontally within the height range of 620mm from the ground, the plane where the highest point of the upper surface of the seat cushion lies, see Figure 4) shall be no less than 550 mm ..
4.6.7. 1.2 All data are measured in the vertical plane passing through the center line of the seat, and the seat cushion and backrest are not pressed down.
Free space above 4.6.7.2's seat
4.6.7.2.1Each seat should have a vertical clear distance, which is not less than 900mm upward from the plane where the highest point of the non-depressed seat cushion is located, and not less than 1 350mm upward from the floor where the seated passengers put their feet (see Figure 5). For wheel covers and school buses applicable to 4.6. 1.8, it can be simplified as.
4.6.7.2.2 This clear space shall include all the following horizontal areas:
A) Transverse area: for a single seat, between the longitudinal vertical planes 200mm on both sides of the central vertical plane of the seat; For long seats, between the two sides of the central vertical plane of each seat/the longitudinal vertical plane at kloc-0/75 mm.
B) Longitudinal area: between the transverse vertical plane passing through the rearmost point of the upper part of the seat back and the transverse vertical plane passing forward 200mm through the front end of the uncompressed seat cushion. The measurement is made on the vertical plane of the seat center.
4.6.7.2.3 Clear space may not include the following areas: a) A rectangular area with a cross section of 150 mm high and 100 mm wide adjacent to the side wall above the outer seat (see Figure 6b).
B) The cross section above the outer seat near the side wall is an inverted right triangle, with the apex of the triangle located 650mm above the floor and the bottom width of 100mm (see Figure 6a)).
C) The leg of the outer seat is close to the side wall, the cross-sectional area is not more than 2× 104mm2 (3× 104mm2 for low-floor buses), and the maximum width is not more than 100mm (150mm for low-floor buses) (see Figure 6 b).
4.6.7.2.4 Clear space shall allow another seat back, its bracket and accessories (such as folding table) to enter.
4.7 Indoor lighting
Indoor lighting meets the requirements of 4.7 in GB 13094-2007.
4.8 handrails
4.8. 1 Handrails and handles shall have sufficient strength.
4.8.2 Handrails and handles should not be in danger of hurting passengers.
4.8.3 The sections of handrails and handles shall be convenient for passengers to grasp, and the surface of each handrail shall be non-slip.
4.9 Movable cover plate
The movable cover plate shall meet the requirements of 4. 13 in GB 13094-2007.
4. 10 visual entertainment device
When the driver is in the normal driving position, the passenger visual entertainment device should be placed outside the driver's field of vision.
4. 1 1 Internal ventilation
If there is no natural ventilation in the car, a forced ventilation device should be installed.
4. 12 driver's vision
4. 12. 1 The driver's vision shall meet the requirements of Appendix A. ..
4. 12.2 Ensure that the driver can see clearly the situation within the range of 3.6m long and 2.5m wide on the ground below the rear windshield.
4. 12.3 Under normal driving conditions, the driver should be able to observe the activities of the occupants in the car.
4. 12.4 the determination of the eye point position for testing the driver's visual field shall comply with the provisions of GB 15084.
(normative appendix)
Test method of driver's field of vision
A. 1 test conditions
A. 1. 1 The school bus should ensure that the driver can see the whole top surface of the cylinder, as shown in Figure A. 1.
A. 1.2 The height and diameter of cylinder A~O are both 0.3m；; The cylinder P has a diameter of 0.3m and a height of 0.91m..
A. 1.3 The color of the cylinder should be in sharp contrast with the road where the vehicle is parked.
A.2 test steps
Place the cylinder in the position specified in A.2. 1~A.2.7, as shown in Figure A. 1. The distance shown in figure A. 1 is the distance from the top view of one cylinder to the center of the other cylinder.
A.2. 1 Position cylinders G, H and I so that they are tangent to the transverse vertical plane, which is tangent to the foremost surface of the front bumper of the vehicle. Place cylinders D, E and F with their centers in the transverse vertical plane, which is in front of the transverse vertical plane passing through the centers of cylinders G, H and I1.8m. Place cylinders A, B and C with their centers in the transverse vertical plane, which is 3.6m in front of the transverse vertical plane passing through the centers of cylinders G, H and I. ..
A.2.2 Place cylinders B, E and H so that their centers are on the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle.
A.2.3 Place cylinders A, D and G so that their centers are located on the vertical plane tangent to the outermost edge on the left side of the front bumper of the automobile.
A.2.4 Place cylinders C, F and I so that their centers are located on the vertical longitudinal plane, which is tangent to the outermost edge of the right side of the automobile front bumper.
A.2.5 Place the cylinder J so that its center is on the vertical plane passing through the left side of the vertical planes of cylinders A, D and G by 0.3m, and the center of J is on the horizontal vertical plane passing through the center line of the front axle of the vehicle.
A.2.6 Place the cylinder K so that its center lies on the vertical plane, which passes through the right side of the vertical planes of cylinders C, F and I by 0.3m, and the center of K lies on the horizontal vertical plane passing through the center line of the front axle of the vehicle.
A.2.7 Place cylinders L, M, N, O and P so that their centers are located on the transverse vertical plane passing through the center line of the rear axle of the vehicle. Place the cylinder L so that its center is located on the vertical plane tangent to the vertical plane 1.8m of the outermost surface on the left side of the vehicle (including the rearview mirror system). Place the cylinder M so that its center is located on the vertical longitudinal plane, 0.3m away from the vertical longitudinal plane tangent to the outermost surface on the left side of the vehicle. Place the air cylinder n so that its center is located on the vertical plane, 0.3m away from the vertical plane tangent to the outermost surface on the right side of the vehicle. Place the cylinder O so that its center is at the vertical vertical plane 1.8m, which is tangent to the outermost surface on the right side of the vehicle. Place the cylinder P so that its center is located on the vertical plane, which is 3.6m away from the vertical plane tangent to the outermost surface on the right side of the vehicle.
Figure A. 1 Position of inspection tube in visual field inspection
(Information Appendix)
Take the exam and contribute.
GB 7258-2004 Technical Requirements for Motor Vehicle Operation Safety Revision 2