The reason why Chen Duxiu's "New Youth" had a great influence in China's ideological circle and awakened a generation of China people was because when the Revolution of 1911 failed and the monarchy was restored, the "New Youth" held high the banner of democracy, which aroused the people's democratic consciousness and launched a fierce attack on feudal absolutism.
China, founded by Chen Duxiu, led the people of China in the new-democratic revolution and socialist revolution. It was also under the guidance of his democratic spirit that he overthrew domestic warlords, drove away foreign imperialism, established People's Republic of China (PRC), and ended the history of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
Chen Duxiu is a fighter of democracy and a leader of democratic spirit. Democracy or "Mr. De" is closely related to Chen Duxiu's name. Chen Duxiu called democracy "the only great indicator of human progress". Even today, his persistence and understanding of democracy, his earliest reflection on socialism in the former Soviet Union, and his earliest exploration of socialism in China cannot help but marvel at his foresight. 1936 in March, Chen Duxiu published the proletariat and democracy, pointing out that "the most superficial view is to regard democracy as the exclusive product of the bourgeoisie" and "democracy is one of the driving forces for the progress of human society". "Stalin didn't understand this, abandoned democracy and replaced it with bureaucracy, which turned over the party, the Soviet Union at all levels and trade unions.
Second, Chen Duxiu spirit is scientific spirit.
While advocating democracy, New Youth put forward another slogan: science. Chen Duxiu pointed out in "To Youth": "The reason why modern Europe is superior to others lies in the fact that the prosperity of science is not under human rights. If there are two wheels of boats and cars", "China people should catch up quickly and pay equal attention to science and civil rights if they want to get rid of ignorance." The so-called science includes not only natural science, but also social science and philosophy, focusing on advocating scientific spirit, respecting scientific laws and treating objective things with a scientific attitude. The opposite of science is subjective assumption, superstition and blindness, ignorance, in short, ignorance.
Mr. Lu Xun pointed out: "There are a group of people who are best at talking nonsense and hate science most, because science can teach people to understand the truth and think clearly, so they naturally become enemies of people who talk nonsense." He also said: "In my opinion, it is totally inappropriate to treat China, Confucius and Zhang Tianshi, who have been extinct for several years, with the rumored method from the East. Only this nonsense is negative science, not real fur science. "
As Chen Duxiu clearly declared in "New Youth", we now believe that only these two gentlemen can eradicate the political, moral, academic and ideological darkness in China. This was undoubtedly correct and significant in China at that time. In the history of China, "Mr. De" and "Mr. Sai" are not only weapons of revolution, but also magic weapons of self-construction. Looking back on the party's history, only by adhering to the spirit of democracy and science can the party's revolutionary cause not go astray. No matter whether it is "Left" or "Right" serious mistakes in the history of the Party, they are all caused by deviating from the spirit of democracy and science. This spirit of democracy and science will also have practical guiding significance for the further transformation of China's future society. Democracy and scientific spirit will surely become the wings and wheels of the Chinese nation's self-reliance and self-improvement in the world's outstanding ethnic groups.
Thirdly, Chen Duxiu's spirit is patriotism.
Mr. Zhu Yan pointed out in the article "Respect for History and Respect for Chen Duxiu" that "first of all, we must affirm and praise Chen Duxiu's ardent patriotic feelings" and give examples to illustrate Chen Duxiu's patriotic spirit all his life, which is enough to convince the public:
1897, 18-year-old Chen Duxiu, with patriotic enthusiasm, wrote two papers: My humble opinion on flood control in the Yangtze River and the situation in the Yangtze River. Brief introduction of the Yangtze River, more than 7,000 words. From the height of national defense strategy, this paper expounds his views on the importance of strengthening national defense along the Yangtze River. The door of China has been opened, and China is facing the moment of national peril carved up by foreign powers. Chen Duxiu, 18 years old, wrote a paper full of patriotic enthusiasm, hoping that the Qing government could recognize the dangerous situation and strengthen the national defense of the Yangtze River.
1903, when Russia refused to withdraw from northeast China, Chen Duxiu initiated the establishment of Anhui Patriotic Association in Anqing, and called Anhui patriots to hold a refusal meeting in Anqing Library. Chen Duxiu delivered a speech at the conference, calling on "one person in our country will not fight to the death with Russia, and will not be a husband"! Rage China people "only strive for life and death, not honor and disgrace, but beg to drag out an ignoble existence and be willing to accept subjugation as a slave".
Admirable, Chen Duxiu always put patriotism first, regardless of personal gains and losses and grievances. After the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as soon as Chen Duxiu left the Kuomintang prison, he devoted himself to the fiery anti-Japanese struggle. In order to unite with the enemy, Chen Duxiu resolutely expressed his support for the Anti-Japanese War of Chiang Kai-shek National Government. He said with deep understanding: "Chiang Kai-shek killed many of my comrades-in-arms and also killed my two sons. I don't care about him. Now that the enemy is in sight, the country needs his cooperation to resist Japan. I just don't oppose him. " These words are very sincere and touching, reflecting the broad mind of a great patriot!
The reason why Chen Duxiu has such a strong patriotism is that he has profound rational thinking, and his patriotism is of eternal significance to China people. Chen Duxiu said: "In China, the family system has a complete budget in all countries, so the family is the most important thing for China people. Every family has a genealogy, a patriarch, a family respect, a director and an ancestral hall ... The hope of a person's life is nothing more than marriage, seeking a wife, having children, getting rich and being an official. " As for "what is a country and what is politics", I know nothing. When you talk to them about the affairs of the country, you always feel that the imperial government is in charge and has nothing to do with the people. You don't know the truth of "the country breaks down and the family dies" If the country is in chaos, how can the family be guaranteed? "
To this end, Chen Duxiu put forward the "five-character motto" that every patriot must abide by, and strived to improve the national character-
(1) "Diligence": We should change the habit of "I am lazy to the people" with diligence. Judging from the three factors of production in economics, "therefore, manpower should be regarded as the most important factor of production", so "when manpower is reached, the economic strength of a society will be strong", otherwise, "manpower waste, industry decline and national strength will be weak"!
(2) "Thrift": If everyone is gluttonous for fishing and addicted to luxury, it will inevitably lead to "personality degeneration". The extravagance of the country will inevitably "waste national strength." Therefore, Chen Duxiu strongly advocated hard work and simplicity, and advocated that "everyone should tighten their belts to make the national industry prosperous." .
(3) Lian Yue: Chen Duxiu has always hated corrupt officials and those who extort money from the state or individuals. Because corrupt officials are in power, officials of all sizes are insatiable, which leads to insatiable greed. Therefore, he advocates fighting corruption and promoting honesty, punishing corruption and rewarding honesty. If corrupt officials are not eliminated, "what is patriotism!"
(4) "Moon Cleanliness": China people are too "dirty in appearance" and "unclean in heart is particularly terrible". Chen Duxiu is extremely disgusted with such "despicable national character". Therefore, he advocates that the whole society should not only do a good job in public health, but also improve personal mental health, truly be a "patriot" and keep both body and mind right.
(5) "Honesty": No matter "the people have no faith" or "the government has no faith", it is very hateful and harmful to the country and the people. Therefore, people should keep their promises and the country should win the trust of the people.
Fourthly, Chen Duxiu spirit is the true Marxist spirit.
First of all, Li and Chen Duxiu were the main importers and advocates of Marxism in China, and the magazine New Youth he founded was the main position to spread Marxism at that time. Mao Zedong said: Chen Duxiu is equivalent to Russian plekhanov in spreading Marxism and establishing * * *.
Secondly, Chen Duxiu founded China, as the first five leaders of the Party, and was the first practitioner of Marxism in China. Regarding the mistakes made by Chen Duxiu, Mr. Tang's article "Re-evaluation of China's revolutionary line guided by * * * Production International" published in Historical Research reveals that the China Revolution of 1923 ~ 1927 was completely carried out under the direct guidance of the Joint Political Bureau and * * Production International. After the failure of the Great Revolution, Stalin whitewashed the peace and put the blame on the Central Committee headed by Chen Duxiu.
Thirdly, facing the problems in international movements, especially Stalinism, Chen Duxiu was the first person in China to doubt and reflect on Marxism in the former Soviet Union, and the first person to profoundly sum up the experience and lessons of socialist democratic political construction. After the failure of the Great Revolution, in order to explore the China Revolution, he established the "China Left Opposition" and became the leader of the "Trotskyite" in China. Trotskyism is also a faction of Marxism. One of Trotskyism's basic propositions is "inner-party democracy", which is an exploration of socialist revolution and construction. Russia restored Trotsky's reputation.
Fourth, Chen Duxiu is a Marxist martyr. It is precisely because Chen Duxiu was the earliest disseminator, explorer and practitioner of Marxism in China, and later became the "Trotskyist" leader in China, that Chen Duxiu became the greatest and most controversial historical figure in the modern history of China, and suffered unfair treatment for a long time. He was a great martyr of China Marxism.
Therefore, the spirit of Chen Duxiu is a true Marxist spirit, not a false Marxist spirit, and even less a spirit under the banner of Marxism. His incisive exposition of many Marxist philosophical thoughts still serves as a warning to us. As Mr. Guo Dehong pointed out in "Comment on Chen Duxiu": Some people say that Chen Duxiu is not a real Marxist, he is lying with his eyes open, regardless of the facts. Did someone else write Chen Duxiu's article promoting Marxism? Did anyone else guide the China Revolution according to Marxism? China * * * is so incompetent that he chose a person who is not a Marxist as the main leader?
Five, Chen Duxiu spirit is the inherent requirement of the national spirit of the Chinese nation.
19 19 In July, Mao Zedong published the article "Chen Duxiu's Arrest and Rescue" in the inaugural issue of Xiangjiang Review, warmly praising Chen Duxiu as a star in the ideological circle and thinking that "Chen Duxiu's arrest must not hurt the details of Chen Jun" and "I wish Chen were alive! I wish Chen the highest spirit! " 1936, when talking with Si Nuo, Mao Zedong said that Chen Duxiu: "He probably influenced me more than anyone else." .
What are the inherent requirements of the Chinese national spirit? The author believes that the basic elements of the Chinese national spirit are democratic spirit, scientific spirit, patriotic spirit and true Marxist spirit, whether in the era when revolutionary predecessors fought bloody battles for the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation or in the era when the Chinese nation is reforming and opening up and establishing socialist material civilization, spiritual civilization, political civilization and harmonious society.
There was a hero Prometheus in ancient Greek mythology. Prometheus' name means "Prophet". He is a descendant of the ancient protoss exiled by Zeus and the son of Partos, born to Gaia, the mother of the earth, and Uranus, his father. He co-founded mankind with Athena, the goddess of wisdom, and taught mankind a lot of knowledge. At that time, Zeus forbade people to use fire. Seeing the hardships of human life, he helped people steal fire from Olympus. So he angered Zeus, locked him on the cliff of Caucasus Mountain, and sent an eagle to eat his liver every day. He endured the pain of being pecked by an evil eagle every day, which lasted for 30 thousand years. He faced his sufferings firmly and never lost his courage before Zeus. Chen Duxiu is Prometheus of China.
Mr. Guo Dehong said that Chen Duxiu was a great man in history on par with Sun Yat-sen and Mao Zedong, which was amazing and hit the nail on the head.
In fact, Chen Duxiu's contribution and influence in the modern history of China was greater than Mao Zedong's to some extent. His admiration for "Mr. De" and "Mr. Sai" not only shocked and led a generation of China people, especially China people, but also had far-reaching enlightenment significance for the further transformation of China society in the future. His democratic scientific spirit, patriotism and true Marxist spirit will surely become China.