Fuel cell vehicles are considered to be the clean energy vehicles of the future and are being developed and manufactured in many countries. However, due to lack of resources in Japan, the development of fuel cell vehicles started very early. Among the fuel cell vehicles sold globally in Japan, Toyota and Honda are the two main brands. The Toyota brand began to develop fuel cell vehicles in 1992 until the birth of Toyota Mirai (first generation) in 2014. In North America and minus 40 Tests were conducted in the coldest city in the northernmost part of Hokkaido and high-end areas in Africa
The Toyota brand is very committed to fuel cell vehicles. Toyota is famous for its hybrid technology, but in the field of electric vehicles, it is actually not outstanding. On the contrary, these domestic car brands have a great advantage, directly pointing the step of electric vehicles to fuel cell vehicles further ahead. Toyota has accumulated a lot of patents and technologies in the field of fuel cell vehicles, and other major brands have also begun to jointly develop fuel cell vehicles with Toyota. China is also very supportive of fuel cell vehicles. Since 2001, the fuel cell industry has been included in the five-year plan. In 2011, the three technical routes for electric vehicles include pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Fuel cell vehicles are one of my country’s clear new energy technology routes in the future. Domestic SAIC and GAC are both active in the field of fuel cell vehicles. Toyota has entered this field earlier, so it naturally has a great advantage. Today we take a look at its hydrogen fuel cell vehicle Mirai (Mirai means "future" in Japanese).
The length/width/height of the first-generation Toyota Mirai are 4890/1815/1535mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2780mm. The fuel cell has a volumetric energy density of 3.1 kW/L and an output power of 114 kW. The power battery uses nickel-manganese battery. The maximum output power of the drive motor is 113 kilowatts and the maximum torque is 335 Nm. It can run 640 kilometers continuously after 5 kilometers of hydrogen refueling.
The power system of Toyota Mirai is called TFSC, which stands for Toyota Fuel Cell Stack. It is a modular hybrid system centered on fuel cells. There are no previous engines and transmissions. The engine room is equipped with an electric motor and a control unit for the electric motor. The electric motor is driven based on the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack. The electric motor is again used to drive the car. Let's take a look at the power system of Toyota Mirai. This is the power battery of Toyota Mirai, which is a nickel-manganese battery. Place it behind the back seat or in the trunk. This power battery is not very big. There is no need for a power battery as large as a pure electric vehicle. As big as a hybrid car's battery.
The heavy metals contained in power batteries will seriously pollute the environment. The larger the battery, the more serious the degree of pollution. Therefore, the power batteries of vehicles must be recycled. The power batteries of pure electric vehicles Filling the entire chassis position, that is naturally not an environmentally friendly solution. The high-pressure storage tank has a three-layer structure. The inner layer is a resin lining that seals hydrogen, the middle layer is a carbon fiber reinforced resin (CFRP?) layer that ensures pressure resistance, and the outer layer is a glass fiber reinforced resin layer that protects the surface.
The working pressure of the high-pressure storage tank is 70MPa, and the maximum pressure resistance is 87.5MPa. The internal volume is 122.4L? (front 60L/rear 62.4L?). This is the fuel cell stack of Toyota Mirai, which is the most important to the entire fuel cell vehicle. One side is connected to air and the other side is connected to hydrogen, and electrical energy is generated through chemical reactions to drive the motor.
This is a boost converter for Toyota Mirai. Since the voltage generated by the fuel cell is less than the maximum voltage of the driving motor, a booster is required to boost the voltage generated by the fuel cell (the voltage can be increased to 650V? ). Then, it is supplied to the drive motor. This is the drive motor of the Toyota Mirai. The engine compartment of the first-generation Toyota Mirai houses the control system for the motor and drive motor.
This is not a traditional engine and transmission. The maximum output power of the drive motor is 113 kilowatts and the maximum torque is 335 Nm.
This is the power control unit of Toyota Mirai. The power control unit of the first-generation Toyota Mirai was placed on the drive motor and also placed inside the engine compartment. Analyzing the power system of the second-generation Toyota hydrogen fuel cell vehicle Mirai, the future is not far away. The length and width of the second-generation Toyota Mirai are 4975/1885/1470mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2920mm. The size is significantly larger and lower than the previous generation. The design is obviously more sporty. There are not two hydrogen storage tanks, but three hydrogen storage tanks using a T-shaped design. The power battery was changed from nickel-manganese battery to lithium battery. The maximum output power of the drive motor is 134KW, the maximum torque is 300Nm, and the vehicle's top speed is 175km/h.
Compared with the first generation, the number and location of hydrogen storage tanks in the second-generation Toyota Mirai are different. The number and location of the hydrogen storage tanks in the second-generation Toyota Mirai are increased from the original two to three. T-shaped configuration. The configuration of this location is to replace the original fuel cell and boost converter, which need to be configured in other locations.
The location of the drive motor has changed significantly, from the original engine compartment directly to the rear axle. The location of the power battery has not changed, but the original nickel-manganese battery has been replaced by a lithium battery. . The location of the fuel cell starts from the original chassis position and is configured inside the engine compartment. There is a power control unit directly behind the fuel cell. The biggest advantage of fuel cells is that they can be used forever. After the vehicle is scrapped, it can also be used in other fuel cell vehicles without any pollution to the environment.
Based on the position and design changes of the above parts, it can be seen that the position changes of the second generation are larger than those of the first generation, and the design of more parts is smaller. Hydrogen storage has been increased from the previous 122.4L to 142.2L, and three storage tanks can be filled in 5 minutes. The second-generation Toyota Mirai not only updated the platform, but also developed a newly developed FC unit (the FC unit is a boost converter, the second generation is smaller than the first generation), and the overall cruising range has been increased by 30%.
The second-generation Toyota Mirai is priced at 65,900-73,900 euros, equivalent to about 500,000-580,000 euros in RMB. Currently, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles must rely on state subsidies. The cost of this selling price is still too high, but with the advancement of technology in the future, this cost will gradually decrease. Like the current selling price of pure electric vehicles, the price of pure electric vehicles is already affordable to the people. Are you looking forward to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the future?