Knowledge capital in a broad sense refers to the total amount of knowledge capital condensed by people and their knowledge achievements. It includes human resources, management, technology, experience and its achievements.
In a narrow sense, the amount of knowledge capital refers to the present value of the total amount of knowledge based on people or their knowledge achievements in a certain period, including the application of accumulated knowledge and skills of employees, as well as the knowledge being created and its achievements.
Function;
1. Product data is the core data of an enterprise.
Knowledge product innovation is the main means for traditional industrial enterprises to gain competitive advantage. The manufacturing and concentration process of knowledge capital is the process of improving the productivity of traditional enterprises. Because of the difference in the stock and grade of knowledge capital, knowledge innovation enterprises have greater market competitiveness and higher profit rate than traditional capital enterprises. A well-known phenomenon is that in the same industry, an enterprise with huge book assets may have low profitability; Companies with less book assets may have higher profitability. The main reason is that the latter owns or controls more intellectual capital.
2. The separation between knowledge innovation and traditional processing and manufacturing industry is the main way for modern enterprises to expand their knowledge capital. Some leading enterprises in the industry gradually shift their manufacturing processes outward, sort out the downstream enterprises that are simply manufacturing, and at the same time retain and strengthen the knowledge-based core assets such as R&D innovation, brand building and intellectual property protection, so as to firmly control the core competitiveness of enterprises, make the production form of enterprises change from product manufacturing to knowledge innovation and knowledge product creation, and thus evolve from traditional processing and manufacturing enterprises to knowledge innovation enterprises. For example, Thomson and Ericsson gradually withdrew from the field of electronic product manufacturing, but always controlled their core technologies and brands; Ford and Volkswagen have invested heavily to set up factories overseas to produce complete vehicles, but their R&D and design are still concentrated in China. Although these enterprises have given up some manufacturing processes, their market control ability has been further enhanced, and their global competitiveness and excess profit rate have been further improved.
3. Obtaining core competitiveness through the monopoly of intellectual capital such as patented technology is the main means for emerging high-tech enterprises. The competition of high-tech enterprises mostly goes through such a path: first, breakthroughs are made in cutting-edge or high-end technologies, and technical barriers are formed through property rights protection; Then the accumulation of knowledge capital leads to the obvious difference between the enterprise's knowledge innovation ability and the product price competitiveness; Eventually form a market monopoly. The core competitiveness formed by this monopoly can neither be obtained by purchase nor caught up in a short time by accumulation, and often forms an industrial pattern of "preconceived" and "unified the world". For example, computer CPU is mainly monopolized by Intel and AMD, while Microsoft's Windows operating system dominates the world.