1. The "three properties" and "three forces" of small splints:
Three forces: Small splint fixation has a long history in our country, and its principle of action is based on the physiology of the limbs. Based on the principle of body kinematics, based on the principle of body kinematics, the binding force of the cloth belt on the wooden board, the effect of the paper pressure pad on the fracture end to prevent or correct angular deformity and lateral displacement, and the full use of the force generated by limb muscle contraction activities are used. Intrinsic power restores the imbalance within the limb caused by fracture to balance.
In addition, small splints also have the following three properties: plasticity ─ can adapt to the body shape of the limbs and the physiological curvature of each part; toughness ─ has sufficient supporting force and can function as an external fixation bracket, without Causes it to bend, split or break; elasticity - to adapt to the changes in internal pressure of the limb when the limb muscles contract and tense.
2. Indications of small splint fixation Closed fractures of limbs;
Open fractures of limbs: those with small wounds or those that have healed after treatment;
Old Fractures of limbs are suitable for manual reduction.
3. Paper pressure pad
The paper pressure pad is the focal point of the wooden board and is an effective fixing force to prevent or correct angulation and lateral displacement. The size and thickness of the paper pressure pad must be suitable, the shape must match the limb, and the position must be correct. If the position is wrong, it will have the opposite effect and cause the fracture to shift again. It is generally made of materials that are flexible, can maintain a certain shape, have certain supporting capabilities, can absorb water to dissipate heat, and are non-irritating to the skin. They should be made of wool paper, tissue paper or cotton. Commonly used paper pressure pads include the following types.
IV. Precautions after splinting
1. Properly elevate the affected limb to facilitate the reduction of limb swelling. You can use soft pillows to increase the height.
2. Closely observe the blood supply of the affected limb, and within 1 to 4 days, pay attention to the arterial pulsation, temperature, color, feeling, degree of swelling, and active activities of the hands and toes of the affected limb.
3. When a fixed pain point occurs, the external fixation should be disassembled and inspected in time to prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers.
4. Pay attention to adjusting the tightness of the splint.
5. Have regular X-rays.
6. Provide timely guidance to patients in practicing exercises.