"Effective substantive examination" usually means that the Patent Office has accepted your patent application and started the process of substantive examination of the application. At this stage, Patent examiners will conduct a detailed technical review of your patent application to determine whether your invention meets the requirements of the Patent Law, and whether it is novel, practical and non-obvious.
The "public" status means that your patent application has been made public, that is, the public can access the public text of your patent application. According to the provisions of the patent law, patent applications need to go through a certain confidentiality period after the filing date, which is generally 18 months. During this period, the public can't know the contents of your patent application, but once the confidentiality period ends, your patent application will be made public. After publication, the public can freely consult and copy the text of your patent application.
If both states are "substantive examination valid", it means that your patent application has passed the preliminary examination and is undergoing substantive examination. If one of the status is "public", it means that your patent application has been made public, but it may not be authorized yet. In short, these two states indicate that your patent application is at different stages.
I hope the above information is helpful to you!