(a) Centralized management system: IBM
The characteristic of centralized management system is that the intellectual property management department of the whole company operates according to the unified intellectual property policy, which can protect the overall interests of the head office to the maximum extent and carry out its work smoothly in the development, manufacturing and purchase and sale activities of products. The Intellectual Property Management Department of the Head Office is responsible for all matters after the patent right and authorization. The head office signed a comprehensive technical assistance agreement with its subsidiaries. The head office prepays the research and development expenses to the subsidiaries, and the intellectual property created by the subsidiaries is managed by the intellectual property headquarters of the head office.
The organizational structure of IBM's intellectual property management department is as follows: an intellectual property management headquarters is set up to handle all intellectual property matters related to the company's business; Intellectual property management headquarters has two major departments: the legal department and the patent department. The legal department is responsible for relevant legal affairs, and the patent department is responsible for patent affairs. The patent department consists of five technical fields, each of which is managed by a patent lawyer.
(2) Decentralized management system: Toshiba Corporation
The characteristics of decentralized management are: full authorization. Full authorization is the full authorization under the unified management of the intellectual property department. Decentralized management is aimed at various research institutes and committees. Its advantage is that all business departments and research institutes limit the number of patent applications according to product characteristics and decide the intellectual property budget. However, after obtaining the patent right, how to use intellectual property rights, handle disputes, negotiate with foreign countries, raise objections and other matters are all managed by the Intellectual Property Headquarters.
The organizational structure of the Intellectual Property Management Department of Toshiba Company is as follows: The Intellectual Property Management Department consists of the Intellectual Property Department and four research institutes, 1 1 business headquarters, patent departments, departments and groups under various research institutes and business headquarters.
(3) Determinant management system: Canon.
The characteristics of deterministic management model are: managing intellectual property rights according to technology categories and product categories. Implementing patent management by technology category can avoid repeated technology development and cooperate with product strategy management of each business division. The Intellectual Property Law Department centrally manages all affairs after authorization, including the use of rights, negotiations, litigation, etc. The Legal Department knows about technology and products by sending its own personnel to the meetings of the product legal department organized by various business divisions in the company or the meetings of the operation department organized according to various problems, so that the legal system runs through all stages of product development and product sales, and the effectiveness of solving problems is improved by using intellectual property laws and regulations.
Canon's Intellectual Property Law Department is divided into product category and technology category according to rank management. There are four departments in the product category: intellectual property law planning department, intellectual property law management department, patent business department and patent information department; There are seven patent departments in the technical category, which manage patents according to technical classification.