Liangtianfu experimental primary school
Second lesson
Teaching goal: let students know what basic civil rights they enjoy.
Teaching focus:
Guide students to understand their civil rights.
Teaching aid preparation: courseware
Teaching process:
Students, what basic civil rights do you enjoy?
(1) You have the right to be raised.
We all know that raising minor children is a legal obligation of parents. What about those children who unfortunately lost their parents, or minors whose parents can't support themselves because of financial difficulties and physical illness? China's marriage law stipulates that in this case, the brothers and sisters of minors who have reached the age of 18 should raise their brothers and sisters if they have the ability to support them. If grandparents are healthy and have the financial ability to support their grandchildren, minors can also ask them to pay living expenses and education fees according to law. What if these relatives are incompetent or gone? Please remember that at this time, there is still the party and our country, and you can ask the local people's government. The state and the government have a legal obligation to help you. As you all know, an earthquake measuring 8 on the Richter scale occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China on May 12 this year. In this natural disaster, many children lost their relatives and became orphans. At this time, our party and government assumed the obligation to protect minors.
Furthermore, let me give you an example of the right of custody: if parents often make their children angry, they will often say: if you don't listen, I won't want you. Of course, students should know that what parents say can only be angry words. But what if they do? I can tell you, then the parents are breaking the law. Similarly, some children are dissatisfied with their parents' strict discipline and threaten to break up relations with their parents, which is also not feasible in law. Because, apart from legal procedures, children are adopted by others, and the identity relationship between parents and children cannot be eliminated. Therefore, if parents don't raise their children, then they are wrong and violate relevant laws and regulations. In this case, minors can claim their rights to the relevant departments to protect their legitimate rights and interests.
(2) You have the right to receive education.
With regard to your rights, China's Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on Compulsory Education clearly stipulate: "Children over the age of six, regardless of gender, nationality or race, should go to school and receive compulsory education for a specified number of years. In areas where the economy is relatively backward and the conditions are not available, it can be postponed to 7 years old. Parents or other guardians must allow minors who have reached school age to receive compulsory education, and minors who have not completed 9 years of compulsory education cannot drop out of school. " Therefore, if some parents refuse to let their children continue their studies because of poor economic conditions or poor grades, then minors can take up legal weapons and safeguard their right to education. I have represented many cases in which minors dropped out of school because their parents divorced and the parents who directly raised minors had financial difficulties, but the other party refused to pay the education fee. After the lawsuit hit the court, the other parents were sentenced to bear the education expenses. For minors whose right to education is violated, they must know their rights and protect themselves with legal weapons.
(3) You have the right to protect your privacy.
In this regard, China's "General Principles of Civil Law" also has corresponding provisions. As a minor, although you are young and have a simple life, you also have your own privacy, and the law also protects your privacy. For example, personal letters, diaries, emails and other things you don't want others to know, the fact that you were adopted by others, and some diseases in your body are all personal privacy. No one, including parents and teachers, can open, destroy or hide minors' letters, diaries and emails at will, and can't reveal minors' personal privacy. If your right to privacy is violated, you can also take up legal weapons to defend it.
(4) You have the right to life, health and personal dignity.
Article 98 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that "citizens have the right to life and health". Article 10 1 stipulates that "the personal dignity of citizens is protected by law". So, students, you are not the private property of your parents. Your life, health and personal dignity should be protected by law, and no one can infringe upon them. Even your parents are not allowed to abuse or even hurt or kill children in the name of education, and teachers are not allowed to punish underage students at will. If your person, life and health are violated, no matter what the starting point of parents and teachers is, it is illegal, and even serious will violate the criminal law.
Of course, it is not illegal for parents and teachers to punish necessary education (I mean punishment rather than corporal punishment) occasionally. For example, it is not illegal to criticize and educate students who violate school rules and disciplines, punish them, or engage in labor, as long as it does not affect your health and personal dignity. So don't make a mountain out of a molehill, saying that this is an infringement of the legitimate rights of failure, and you should defend your rights. I remember when I was your age, I was punished by my teacher for being late, not finishing my homework, cleaning and so on.
(5) You have the right to accept gifts.
For example, on holidays, the lucky money given to you by your elders is a gift. This part of the money belongs to your personal property, and your parents can only take care of it and can't dispose of it at will. Because accepting other people's gifts is a pure income behavior and will not cause any damage to your legitimate rights and interests. As long as the donor wants to give his property to you personally rather than to your parents or family, the property is your personal property. Parents or other people can't take gifts to themselves, and the giver or other people can't ask you to return them.
(6) You have the right to inherit.
In this regard, China's "Inheritance Law" has clear provisions. As a minor, you can inherit your parents' inheritance according to law. If your parents died before your grandparents, you can also inherit your grandparents' inheritance on behalf of your deceased parents, which is legally called "subrogation inheritance".
In addition, for you minors, the inheritance law also gives special protection. For example, some deceased people will make a will and distribute their inheritance before their death. But if he doesn't leave the necessary share of the property to the minors who need to be raised when he makes a will. Then according to the provisions of the inheritance law, the will will be partially invalid.
(7) You have the right to portrait, copyright and invention.
As a minor, you enjoy the same rights as adults, and your photos, portraits, statues, videos and photographic works are protected by law. If some of your classmates' photos are displayed in the window of the studio or published in for-profit publications, they are not recognized by you and are not paid. Then, you can ask him to stop the infringement and compensate for the loss. Of course, your fame is not as big as that of a star, so how much compensation is out of the question.
In addition, as a minor, you also have the copyright of your own written, artistic and scientific works, including the right to publish, the right to sign, the right to modify and the right to receive remuneration.
Some students may ask, how can I create literary works when I am still young? In fact, when you write and draw, you are creating. You will enjoy the copyright of your own works and paintings. If a newspaper or publishing house wants to publish your composition and pictures, it must get your consent and pay you a certain amount of remuneration. Besides, you have the right to apply for a patent for your invention.