All cylinders are divided into two groups, and adjacent cylinders are arranged together at a certain angle, so that the two groups of cylinders form two planes with included angles, and the cylinders are V-shaped when viewed from the side, so they are called V-shaped engines. V-type engine is small in height and length, which is convenient to be arranged on the car. In particular, modern cars pay more attention to aerodynamics, and the smaller the windward side of the car, the better, that is, the lower the hood.
Common V engines are V6, V8, V 10 and V 12. There are V3, V5, V 16 (not to be confused with the number of valves represented by some in-line engines).
As the name implies, V represents the V-shaped arrangement of engine cylinders, generally 90 degrees, which can offset the vibration during operation and be more stable. There are 75 degrees and 72 degrees. Renault even used a wide angle V 10 of more than 90 degrees.
Engine.
Advantages: stable operation (suitable for V6, V8 and V 12) and space saving.
Disadvantages: the structure is complex, which is not conducive to maintenance and high cost. At the same time, V3 and V5 include V 10 because the structure or displacement is not very stable, especially V 10, which is an engine of F 1.
The 3L engine needs a lot of energy and money to ensure its stability.
Representative models: Audi A6, Ferrari 360 and Porsche carrear.
GT, Mercedes S600. Use V6, V8, V 10 and V 12 engines respectively. V3 mainly appears on some motorcycles, and V5 is said to be used in the previous generation of Volkswagen Golf. V 16 can be found in some luxury classic cars.
horizontally opposed engine
This is also a V-type engine, except that the included angle of V becomes 180 degrees, usually 4 or 6 cylinders.
Advantages: low center of gravity (nonsense, it is 180 degrees, can it be lower than it), easy to control and balance.
Disadvantages: the cost is still high and the engine is too wide.
Horizontally opposed engine's most famous application is the famous 9 1 1.
W engine.
Compared with V-type engine, W-type engine can make the engine shorter and the crankshaft shorter, which can save the space occupied by the engine and reduce the weight, but its width is larger and the engine room is fuller.
This kind of engine may be a bit strange, but it's nothing. "V+V=VV" is just W, just two V engines.
The design idea of W-type engine is to use two V-type engines to form a V-type engine.
Advantages: the structure is more compact, more cylinders can be accommodated, and the displacement is larger.
The disadvantage is that the structure is too complicated! The balance of operation is not good.
Because of the patent, this kind of engine can only be seen in a few cars such as Volkswagen and Audi. European Volkswagen Golf, European Volkswagen Passat and Audi A8 are equipped with W6, W8 and W 12 engines respectively.