The basic principles of underground disaster avoidance: timely reporting, active rescue, safe evacuation and proper refuge.
When a mine accident occurs, it is an effective way to minimize casualties and losses by relying on one's own wisdom and strength and actively and correctly taking self-help and mutual rescue measures.
Every miner and underground worker must understand and master the laws of common disasters and accidents according to the characteristics of their working environment, understand the omens before accidents, and learn to remember the main points of avoiding disasters in various accidents in order to improve their ability to resist disasters.
Extended data:
coal mining accident
1, roof accident
Roof disaster E79FA5E98193E4B893E5b19E3133431363036 is the most common and prone accident in coal mine. Among the five disasters (coal dust, water, fire, gas and roof) in coal mines, roof accidents rank first among all kinds of accidents in coal mines, no matter the number of occurrences or the number of deaths.
With the mining of the working face, the roof strata above the coal seam lose support, the original pressure balance is destroyed, and the roof of the coal seam is deformed and destroyed under the pressure of the overlying strata.
If our support is not timely or the support strength is not enough, it is easy to cause the roof strata of the working face to break and fall, resulting in casualties and loss of property and equipment. This is what we call a roof fall accident.
2, gas dust
Coal seams are often accompanied by gas (methane, etc. ). Gas is easy to cause explosion accidents. Therefore, when working in a closed space, it is necessary to monitor the gas concentration frequently. If there is a certain concentration of dust in the gas, it may also cause an explosion because of Mars. The dust volume is small, but the relative proportion of the surface is large. If there is enough oxygen in the surrounding air, it will be very sensitive to the combustion reaction.
3. Gas injection
Gas itself is harmless to human body, but sometimes it is accompanied by toxic gases such as carbon monoxide. If a large amount of gas is ejected at one time, the possibility of gas explosion will usually increase rapidly.
4. Fire in the pit
The worst case in a coal mine accident. Different from ordinary fires, there are many combustible materials (coal) around. If the tunnel is blocked by high temperature and smoke and lacks oxygen, it will usually cause heavy casualties.
Step 5 flood
The accident that the mining area collapses at the bottom of the water (near the seabed, lake or reservoir) is worse than the fire in the pit, and there is almost no possibility of survival. A large number of floods swallowed up the tunnel in a short time, killing all the staff. Usually the survivors can't be rescued, the remains can't be recovered, and the tunnel is abandoned.
Water inrush and leakage accidents may also occur when mining on confined water and re-mining in damaged areas of small coal mines. Underground water inrush and small coal mine flooding accidents are far more than coal mine flooding accidents.
Frequent coal mine accidents are mainly related to poor gas control. Rapid air bag sealing is a patented technology of Liu Chilun, a safety expert in Kailuan Coal Mine, Tangshan, which has played a great role in roadway ventilation, gas explosion prevention and fire prevention.
References:
CNKI knowledge-analysis of the basic principle of underground disaster avoidance and disaster self-help methods
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-coal mine
2. What are the basic principles of mine disaster avoidance?
When fire, water, gas, roof, transportation, electromechanical and other disasters and accidents occur in mines, the scope and harm caused in the initial stage are generally small.
This is not only a favorable opportunity to put out and control accidents, but also a critical moment to determine the safety of mines and personnel. In most cases, due to the sudden accident, it is difficult for mine leaders, mine rescue team members and other professionals to arrive at the scene of the accident to organize rescue work.
Therefore, it plays an irreplaceable role for underground miners to avoid disasters in time, protect their own safety and curb the expansion of disasters. Even in the middle and late stages of accident treatment, it is often necessary to improve the effectiveness of emergency rescue and disaster relief work on the basis of correct disaster avoidance by underground miners.
The basic principles of underground disaster avoidance are as follows: (1) After actively rescuing disasters and accidents, the people in the disaster areas and affected areas should be calm and calm, according to the disaster situation and existing conditions, on the premise of ensuring safety; Take active and effective methods and measures, put into on-site rescue in time, eliminate the accident in the initial stage or control it in the minimum range, and minimize the losses caused by the accident. (2) Safe evacuation When the scene does not have accident rescue conditions or may endanger the safety of personnel, underground miners should try their best to evacuate the disaster area quickly and safely.
(3) Proper evacuation If it is impossible to evacuate safely in a short time, people in distress should help themselves and each other in the disaster area, take refuge properly, strive to maintain and improve their living conditions, and wait for the rescue of ambulance personnel. If it is impossible to evacuate to the ground, try to evacuate to an underground refuge chamber or other places with good safety conditions.
3. What are the basic principles of avoiding disasters under the mine?
When fire, water damage, roof, transportation machinery and other disasters and accidents occur in mines, the scope and harm caused in the initial stage are generally small. This is not only a favorable opportunity to put out and control accidents, but also a critical moment to determine the safety of mines and personnel.
In most cases, due to the sudden accident, it is difficult for mine leaders and mine rescue teams and other professionals to arrive at the scene of the accident to organize rescue work. Therefore, it plays an irreplaceable role for underground miners to avoid disasters in time, protect their own safety and curb the expansion of disasters.
Even in the middle and late stages of accident treatment, it is often necessary to improve the effectiveness of emergency rescue and disaster relief work on the basis of correctly avoiding disasters by merging miners. The basic principles of underground disaster avoidance are as follows.
(1) Actively rescue. After the disaster accident, people in the disaster area and the affected area should keep calm, take active and effective methods and measures according to the disaster situation and existing conditions, and put them into on-site rescue in time to eliminate the accident at the initial stage or control it in the minimum range and minimize the losses caused by the accident.
(2) Safe evacuation. When the scene does not have accident rescue conditions, or may endanger the safety of personnel, underground miners should try their best to evacuate the disaster area quickly and safely.
(3) Appropriate refuge. If it is impossible to retreat safely in a short time, the people in distress should help themselves and each other in the disaster area, take refuge properly, strive to maintain and improve their living conditions, and wait for the rescue of ambulance personnel.
If it is impossible to evacuate to the ground, try to evacuate to underground caverns or other places with good safety conditions.
4. Coal mine workers must be familiar with the knowledge of self-help and mutual aid and hedging.
The "six systems" of coal mine safety avoidance: the coal mine safety avoidance system is an important technical guarantee to prevent accidents, carry out self-help and mutual rescue and emergency avoidance when accidents occur, and reduce casualties.
"Six systems" refer to monitoring system, personnel positioning system, emergency avoidance system, compressed air self-rescue system, water supply and rescue system and communication system. Coal mines should establish an emergency drill system, scientifically determine the route to avoid disasters, prepare emergency plans, and carry out a "six systems" joint emergency drill once a year.
Strengthen the training of personnel entering the well, so that they can be familiar with the route to avoid disasters in various disaster situations and can correctly use safety and safety facilities. I. Mine monitoring system Coal monitoring system refers to an automatic system that can dynamically monitor underground gas, carbon monoxide concentration, temperature and wind speed.
The central station of mine monitoring system implements the 24-hour duty system. When the system sends out alarm, power failure and abnormal feeding information, it can quickly take emergency measures such as power failure, evacuation and shutdown to give full play to its early warning function of safety avoidance. Second, the coal mine underground personnel positioning system The coal mine underground personnel positioning system refers to a system that can ensure the real-time grasp of the dynamic distribution and changes of all underground personnel in each operation area by carrying identification cards into the well.
When an emergency happens, the position of underground workers can be accurately grasped, which provides a basis for emergency rescue of accidents. Three. Underground emergency evacuation system Underground emergency evacuation system refers to the safe-haven places and facilities established for people who cannot be evacuated to safe areas when disasters and accidents occur.
Underground emergency evacuation system includes temporary refuge chamber, permanent refuge chamber and rescue capsule. Coal and gas outburst mines should build refuge chambers in the mining area; When the length of driving roadway in outburst coal seam and the strike length of coal mining face exceed 500m, it is necessary to build refuge chambers or set rescue capsules within 500m from the working face.
Coal and gas outburst mines outside the mine, walking from the mining face, who can't safely evacuate to the ground within the rated protection time provided by the self-rescuer, must build an refuge chamber or rescue capsule within the range of 1000m from the mining face. Emergency shelter facilities should have basic functions such as safety protection, oxygen supply guarantee, harmful gas removal, environmental monitoring, communication, lighting, power supply and personnel survival guarantee. Without any external support, its rated protection time should be no less than 96h. Four, mine compressed air self-help system refers to the system that can provide compressed air and gas supply for all mining sites and provide valuable oxygen for accident site personnel when disasters occur.
Air compressors are generally installed on the ground. However, in the deep multi-level mining mine, when the air compressor is installed on the ground and it is difficult to ensure effective air supply to the underground operation point, it can be installed at a safe and reliable position at the bottom of the air intake shaft two levels above its air supply level. Compressed air self-rescue device should be set up in the mining face of outburst mine.
Other mine tunneling faces should be equipped with e799bea6e997aee7ad94e4b893E5b19E31333383961air pressure pipeline and air supply valve. V. Mine water supply and rescue system Mine water supply and rescue system refers to a real-time water supply system pre-installed to ensure the water needs of personnel at the scene of fire, explosion and other accidents.
"Coal Mine Safety Regulations" requires the construction and improvement of dust-proof water supply system. Besides tee joints and valves, water supply valves should be set at all mining faces and other places where people are concentrated to ensure that all mining sites can meet the requirements of emergency water supply when disasters occur. 6. Mine communication contact system Mine communication contact system refers to a system that ensures the smooth and effective transmission of important information in the event of an accident.
According to the requirements of notifying personnel to evacuate in time when a disaster occurs, the communication system should be built and improved. Telephones are installed in the main mechanical and electrical equipment chambers, such as winch room, bottom yard, transportation dispatching room, mining substation, water pump room, mining face, mining area and the highest level.
Underground refuge chamber, underground main water pump room, underground central substation and outburst coal seam mining face, evacuation place during blasting, etc. , are equipped with direct mine dispatching room telephone. It is necessary to actively promote the use of underground wireless communication systems and underground broadcasting systems to ensure that underground personnel can be informed to evacuate in time in case of danger.
5. What are the basic principles of mine disaster avoidance?
Brief introduction: When there are fire, water, gas, roof, transportation, electromechanical and other disasters and accidents in the mine, the scope and harm caused in the initial stage are generally relatively small.
This is not only a favorable opportunity to put out and control accidents, but also a critical moment to determine the safety of mines and personnel. In most cases, due to the sudden accident, it is difficult for mine leaders, mine rescue team members and other professionals to arrive at the scene of the accident to organize rescue work.
Therefore, it plays an irreplaceable role for underground miners to avoid disasters in time, protect their own safety and curb the expansion of disasters. Even in the middle and late stages of accident treatment, it is often necessary to improve the effectiveness of emergency rescue and disaster relief work on the basis of correct disaster avoidance by underground miners.
When fire, water, gas, roof, transportation, electromechanical and other disasters and accidents occur in mines, the scope and harm caused in the initial stage are generally small. This is not only a favorable opportunity to put out and control accidents, but also a critical moment to determine the safety of mines and personnel.
In most cases, due to the sudden accident, it is difficult for mine leaders, mine rescue team members and other professionals to arrive at the scene of the accident to organize rescue work. Therefore, it plays an irreplaceable role for underground miners to avoid disasters in time, protect their own safety and curb the expansion of disasters.
Even in the middle and late stages of accident treatment, it is often necessary to improve the effectiveness of emergency rescue and disaster relief work on the basis of correct disaster avoidance by underground miners. The basic principles of underground disaster avoidance are as follows: (1) After actively rescuing disasters and accidents, the people in the disaster areas and affected areas should be calm and calm, according to the disaster situation and existing conditions, on the premise of ensuring safety; Take active and effective methods and measures, put into on-site rescue in time, eliminate the accident in the initial stage or control it in the minimum range, and minimize the losses caused by the accident.
(2) Safe evacuation When the scene does not have accident rescue conditions or may endanger the safety of personnel, underground miners should try their best to evacuate the disaster area quickly and safely. (3) Proper evacuation If it is impossible to evacuate safely in a short time, people in distress should help themselves and each other in the disaster area, take refuge properly, strive to maintain and improve their living conditions, and wait for the rescue of ambulance personnel.
If it is impossible to evacuate to the ground, try to evacuate to an underground refuge chamber or other places with good safety conditions.
6. What is the basic principle of underground disaster avoidance?
The basic principles of underground disaster avoidance are:
(1) Actively rescue. After the disaster accident, people in the disaster area and the affected area should keep calm, take active and effective methods and measures according to the disaster situation and existing conditions, and put them into on-site rescue in time to eliminate the accident at the initial stage or control it in the minimum range and minimize the losses caused by the accident.
(2) Safe evacuation. When the scene does not have accident rescue conditions, or may endanger the safety of personnel, underground miners should try their best to evacuate the disaster area quickly and safely.
(3) Appropriate refuge. If it is impossible to retreat safely in a short time, the people in distress should help themselves and each other in the disaster area, take refuge properly, strive to maintain and improve their living conditions, and wait for the rescue of ambulance personnel. If it is impossible to evacuate to the ground, try to evacuate to an underground refuge chamber or other places with good safety conditions.