Main problems of biodiversity protection and sustainable utilization in China
1. The trend of biodiversity loss has not been effectively controlled. There are 4000 ~ 5000 species of endangered or nearly endangered higher plants in China, accounting for 15% ~ 20% of the total. Wild plants such as Cycas, Davidia involucrata and Alsophila spinulosa are on the verge of extinction. Wild animals extinct in China in the last century include Platts Mustang and Alpine Antelope. Mongolian wild donkeys, wild camels and Przewalski's gazelle are close to being endangered. Among the 640 world endangered species listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora, there are 156 species in China. Protecting the habitats and habitats of wild animals and plants and improving the level of construction and management of nature reserves is one of the urgent problems to be solved in biodiversity protection in China.
2. Biological invasion threatens the safety of domestic biological species and destroys the ecological environment. According to the data published by IUCN, about half of the most serious alien invasive species in the world 100 have invaded China. Every year, the forest area in China is 6.5438+0.5 million hectares due to the invasion of forest pests such as pine wood nematode, slash pine mealybug and American white moth. Some biologists point out that once a certain "biological invader" gains a foothold in the new environment and begins to breed on a large scale, its number will be difficult to control. Even in today's highly developed science and technology, people are still helpless in the face of animals and plants with strong adaptability and reproductive ability. For example, the water hyacinth, which originated in South America, invaded Shanghai in the last century and grew tenaciously on the surface of Huangpu River and Suzhou River every year, becoming the enemy of Shanghai to improve water quality and water environment. Relevant departments spend a lot of manpower and material resources to salvage water hyacinth every year.
3. The loss of biological genetic resources is serious. Biological genetic resources refer to any substance with genetic function with practical or potential practical value, including DNA genes, genomes, cells, tissues, organs and other genetic materials and related information of animals, plants and microorganisms. It is an important foundation of biological science research and a strategic resource for human survival and social sustainable development. The amount of biological genetic resources has been regarded as one of the important indicators to measure a country's national strength internationally. In recent years, developed countries have taken various measures to continuously collect and plunder the biological genetic resources of developing countries, and by controlling the world biological genetic resources, they have accelerated their market share and economic monopoly on developing countries. China is one of the countries with the richest biological genetic resources in the world, and it is also an important area where developed countries plunder biological genetic resources. China is the country with the largest crop germplasm resources in the world. There are more than 30,000 kinds of higher plants and more than 6,000 kinds of vertebrates in China, all of which are in the forefront of the world. It is one of the eight centers of crop origin in the world. In the long development of agriculture and animal husbandry, a large number of crops, fruit trees, poultry and livestock varieties and tens of thousands of varieties with excellent economic characteristics have been cultivated and domesticated. China is the origin of soybean, and the wild soybean resources account for more than 90% of the world, with more than 6,000 species. However, there are now more than 20,000 soybean resources in the crop gene bank of some foreign countries. Many soybean resources originating in China have become foreign patented products, and China has changed from the world's largest soybean exporter to the largest soybean importer. The import and export of biological genetic resources in China is out of control, and the number of biological species resources illegally brought abroad far exceeds that exchanged through official channels.
The existing Regulations on the Management of Genetic Resources in China is attached to other laws and regulations, and its content is very imperfect, especially in the acquisition of genetic resources, benefit sharing and patent system, which makes many foreign companies who want to obtain biological genetic resources through legal channels at a loss, while some foreign companies steal our genetic resources for free through cooperative research or joint establishment of databases. The urgent task for our country is to put the management of genetic resources into the legislative agenda as soon as possible according to the relevant provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and to formulate the Biodiversity Law in combination with other issues and strictly implement it.
The bad habit of eating wild animals has very serious consequences. With the improvement of people's economic conditions, the situation of eating wild animals is becoming more and more serious. The bad habit of gluttony of wild animals promotes the over-exploitation of wild animal resources, which is the driving force to promote the illegal trade of wild animals and harms the biodiversity protection in China and neighboring countries. It is urgent to speed up the legislative process of wildlife management and sustainable utilization, especially to improve the management and legislation of edible wildlife and advocate new food culture and concepts.
5. The policy on genetically modified crops is not clear, which has a great impact. With the rapid development of bioengineering technology, scientists have developed more and more genetic crops. These crops can grow in the ground like ordinary crops, but they can produce drugs and chemicals that ordinary crops can't produce. Because of this, people are very worried that once these crops accidentally flow into food, it will bring terrible disasters; The United States is preparing to amend relevant laws and strictly control genetic crops that produce drugs and chemicals to ensure food safety. China also needs a law to regulate the behavior of various departments to ensure the food safety of our people.
Protecting biodiversity means adopting conservation strategies and measures at three levels: ecosystem, species and gene. The main ones are:
1. in-situ protection, that is, the establishment of nature reserves,
2. Ex-situ conservation, such as the establishment of genetic resources germplasm bank, plant gene bank, as well as wildlife parks, botanical gardens and aquariums.
3. Formulate necessary laws and regulations to combat and control activities that cause great losses to biodiversity.
Protecting biodiversity is a world event, and the most important thing is to take action. This requires extensive cooperation and active actions of all parties, formulating necessary laws and regulations, cracking down on and controlling activities that cause great losses to biodiversity, and effectively protecting and saving endangered species, seriously damaged ecosystems and genetic resources. O(∩_∩)O~