★Ha Lou★
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How to crack the "two skins" between industry and academia
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In recent years, with the increase in national support for scientific research and the gradual improvement of scientific research conditions and environment, the number of papers published by Chinese scholars in high-level international journals has increased rapidly. In 2006, the number of papers retrieved by China's SCI (Science Citation Index) ranked second in the world; in 2007, the number of papers retrieved by China's EI (Engineering Index) ranked first in the world. By 2013, the number of papers retrieved by China's SCI and EI had reached 13.5% and 28.83% of the world's total respectively.
SCI and EI are internationally recognized representative tools that reflect the research level of basic disciplines. The number of scientific papers collected in a country has also become one of the indicators for measuring the country's basic scientific research level and its scientific and technological strength. one. The above data show that my country's basic research has reached a considerable level. However, in sharp contrast, my country's technological innovation capabilities are still weak, and there are few technological innovation achievements that can promote economic and social development. There is a disconnect between basic research and technological innovation, and the problem of "two skins" between industry and academia is widespread.
To understand the problem of "two skins" between industry and academia, we must first distinguish the difference between science and technology. The purpose of scientific research is to explore the objective laws of nature, which is the responsibility of universities and research institutions; while the purpose of technological development is to solve practical problems faced by human beings in production and life, which is the responsibility of enterprises.
From a national perspective, the innovation achievements that support economic and social development should come from the technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body. The situation in which my country's science and technology supports and serves economic and social development is unsatisfactory. First of all, the work of enterprises in technological innovation is unsatisfactory. In 2012, the ratio of R&D expenditures to main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 0.77%, while the ratio in major developed countries was 2.5% to 4%.
"Science" and "market" are not originally connected together. To solve the problem of "two skins" between industry and academia, the most important thing is to build a bridge from "science" to "market" so that Science is transformed into technology, which in turn supports economic and social development.
First of all, we must enhance the technological innovation capabilities of enterprises. The country has recognized the problem of insufficient endogenous motivation for innovation and weak innovation capabilities of Chinese enterprises. In 2013, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Subject Status of Enterprises in Technological Innovation and Comprehensively Improving Enterprise Innovation Capabilities" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), proposing that by 2015, the average R&D investment of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises should account for the proportion of their main business income. Increase to 1.5%, industry leading enterprises will reach the level of internationally advanced enterprises of the same kind, and the number of enterprise invention patent applications and authorizations will be doubled. The "Opinions" also proposed many targeted and highly operational measures. However, there is only one year left before the completion of the 2015 goal. The task is arduous and must be implemented vigorously and effectively.
Secondly, we need to further strengthen industry-university-research cooperation. In recent years, the proportion of external R&D expenditures provided by Chinese enterprises to universities and scientific research institutes has decreased significantly. In 2005, the R&D funds entrusted by enterprises to universities and research institutes accounted for 5.4% and 1.07% of the total R&D funds of enterprises respectively. In 2012, they dropped to 3.4% and 0.62% respectively. On the one hand, enterprises must strengthen scientific research funding for universities and scientific research institutes and entrust them to carry out more scientific research that enterprises need and have application prospects. On the other hand, they must also correctly view industry-university-research cooperation. The scientific research results transformed by some large companies in the United States and Europe mainly come from their own research institutes and R&D institutions. Most of their industry-university-research cooperation is completed within the company, which is a true integration of industry, academia and research. Industry-university-research cooperation also requires companies to improve their research and development capabilities and continuously absorb the ideas and results of universities and scientific research institutions.
In addition, we must vigorously develop the scientific and technological service industry and promote the integration of scientific and technological achievements with the market. At present, my country's science and technology service industry is still underdeveloped, with problems such as small scale, incomplete functional structure, lack of professional talents, and non-standard services. In recent years, local governments have done a lot of work in establishing development zones, technology markets and even technology business incubators, but the results are not satisfactory. The "World Innovation Index 2013" jointly released by Cornell University, INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization specifically pointed out that leading enterprises play a vital role in establishing key innovation capabilities, supporting R&D activities and promoting the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements. important role.
Therefore, it is necessary to change the way we work, adapt to changes in scientific and technological progress and economic development, give greater play to the role of leading enterprises in promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and explore ways to build innovation centers and develop scientific and technological service industries around leading scientific and technological enterprises.
(The author is a member of the Central Committee of Jiusan Society and a professor at Beijing Jiaotong University)
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