Characteristics of innovative thinking
1. Original thinking is not bound by traditional habits and precedents, and goes beyond convention. In the process of learning, it is reasonable to put forward your own views and ideas on definitions, theorems, formulas, rules, problem-solving ideas, problem-solving methods and strategies, and raise scientific questions? Picky? .
2. Seek empathy from the opposite sex. That's great. In the process of learning, I don't believe in the ideas and methods that have been formed for a long time in some knowledge fields, especially in solving problems, I am not satisfied with one solution and seek multiple solutions to one problem.
3. In the face of a certain situation, associative thinking can develop in depth immediately; After thinking perceives a phenomenon, it immediately imagines its opposite, which is essentially a kind of coherence and divergence of thinking, from one to another, from the outside to the inside, from the other.
4. A breakthrough in flexible thinking? Orientation? 、? System? 、? Norm? 、? Mode？ 5. Comprehensive thinking regulates the relationship between the part and the whole, direct and indirect, simple and complex, generalizes and sorts out a large amount of information, concretizes abstract content, simplifies complex content, and extracts more systematic experience from it, so as to skillfully understand and master the theorems, formulas, rules and laws learned.
Basic forms of creative thinking
(1) Theoretical thinking theory can generally be understood as a system of principles and a systematic rational understanding. Theoretical thinking is a form of thinking that guides the systematization of rational knowledge. Engels once pointed out that if a nation wants to stand at the highest peak of science, it can't do without theoretical thinking for a moment. ? Because theoretical thinking is scientific and true. Any theoretical thinking is confused or does not conform to objective laws, and the result is either little effect or failure. Theoretical thinking is widely used in practice. For example, system engineering is a management method to deal with three systems and various related problems with system theory thinking. Comrade Qian Xuesen believes that systems engineering is a scientific method to organize and manage planning, research, design, creation, testing and use, and it is a scientific method of universal significance to all systems. As someone suggested? Similarity theory? It is also the category of scientific theoretical thinking; Some people see that birds can fly with wings, so according to the principle of similar wings, the geometric structure, aerodynamics and flight function of birds, they invented airplanes, some of which are also called? Bionics? . There are still many points that should be often applied to theoretical thinking, such as the induction and summary of some natural laws and social laws, and the understanding and analysis of some problems. Therefore, theoretical thinking is a basic form of thinking.
(2) Intuitive thinking Intuitive thinking generally refers to how people's brains feel about external things in practice. It has the characteristics of image, concreteness and directness, and is the basis of developing people's creative thinking. Intuitive thinking depends on observation. Imagination and memory. Einstein has a mode of thinking process: the concepts of experience intuition (hypothesis), logical reasoning and ideal practice. In creative activities, people often rely on the degree of knowledge accumulation. The more knowledge stored in a person's mind, the stronger the foundation of creativity. A painter must have intuitive thinking about colors, marks, layout, figures and buildings in nature before he can create. Panasonic in Japan often takes tools such as magnifying glass, tape measure and calculator when going out, and generates creative intuitive thinking through observation and calculation. Comrade Mao Zedong's article "Where does man's correct thinking come from?" clarifies that knowledge comes from practice and intuitive thinking comes from practice. French geographer Wei Gena put forward? Continental drift theory? It is from a prominent part of Brazil and a sunken part of Cameroon coast in Africa that the landform is very similar and intuitive. Ikeda Jumiao found it? MSG? Also from the intuition of cucumber soup at the dinner table; Wait a minute. Many inventions are created by intuitive thinking.
(3) Inclined thinking Inclined thinking is also a basic form of thinking, that is, people often think from a certain purpose and tendency in the process of thinking. This form of thinking is often used in the process of creative thinking. Generally speaking, the creator finds the way to success by touching something and starting from a certain tendency, that is, when thinking about a certain problem, his brain suddenly opens, intentionally or unintentionally, normally or accidentally. People's understanding of things is not completely linear, sometimes it is tortuous, and even it has to be repeated many times to understand things. Anyway, there will be. Trigger? 、? Media? Opportunities will inadvertently inspire new ideas, as the saying goes? Think too much wisdom? . Some people call this kind of thinking inspirational thinking. Comrade Qian Xuesen believes that inspiration in creative thinking is a kind of thinking form different from image thinking and abstract thinking. In creative practice, there are many successful examples because of the role of inclined thinking. This kind of stimulation often exists in creation and creative activities. For example, Russian portrait painter mikhailov said that when he created an angry face, nothing could be drawn well. Later, when he saw an old painting coated with wax oil and grease, he was suddenly inspired by the strange shape of grease, which made this angry painting a success. So is the pneumatic tire invented by Deng Lupu. He used to be a doctor in Scotland. When he saw his son spinning his hard-wheeled bicycle and bumping on the cobblestone road, he was very afraid of falling, and he always wondered if he could use a new type of tire that can absorb shock instead. By chance, he found that the pneumatic rubber tube was both elastic and hard, which led to the birth of pneumatic tires in Deng Lupu. All these show that tendency can develop people's creative ability.
(4) Associative thinking There is a certain correlation between objective things, and things with various connections are often reflected in people's minds, forming various associations. Associative thinking refers to the psychological process of linking one thing with another to produce cognition. In the general thinking process, associative thinking is often used, such as thinking of distant relatives from one thing or thinking of other things from one thing, which often happens. There are also many successful examples of associative thinking in creating inventions and developing people's creativity. For example, the employees of Shanghai Rubber Model Factory innovated the process of making automatic winding machine for photoelectric tracking tire mold, which is a good example. In the past, it took a lot of time to process rubber tire metal molds by hand winding. Later, when they visited the automatic cutting machine of Shanghai Shipyard, they were inspired and thought that this principle could be applied to the flower winding machine, and it was successful through practice. Now it only takes three days to automatically wind a tire metal mold. The principle of photoelectric control module was originally adopted in the mechanical feed braking safety device of punch press in Shanghai Lighting Factory. Because of the rotary inertia of the punch, there are buffer distance and some unreliable factors. Later, they thought that the mechanical part of the key-pulling punch could be changed to the brake-holding type, so that the photoelectric safety device was more reliable. Later, they were inspired by the gear braking of plane lathe, so that the sliders of two kinds of punches can brake immediately within one-third of a second after the photoelectric signal occurs, and can rotate 360 degrees to brake at any position, ensuring safe production. These. They are all inspired by associative thinking, which also shows that associative thinking can develop people's creativity.
(5) The correlation and separation between contact and anti-contact thinking are interdependent, mutually restrictive and mutually transformed with internal contradictions or things. This form of thinking is also very extensive in creative activities. After connecting, an article can become a new article with multiple functions. For example, an electronic watch is connected with a ballpoint pen to become a ballpoint pen with an electronic watch; Connecting a flashlight with a pen can make a light pen with a light source; There are also multifunctional watches that can not only time, but also make stopwatches, with calculators and timers; A heating cup connected with the thermos cup through the electric furnace principle; The pencil with molded rubber head is the connection between eraser and pencil; Dress is the connection between shirt and skirt; A catamaran passenger ship is formed by connecting two hulls. Anti-connection thinking is a kind of decomposition thinking opposite to connection, which decomposes more than two combined substances, thus producing new substances and new uses. For example, water (H2O) can be decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, and water can be absorbed by rare earth substances to become hydrogen fuel, which can be comprehensively used with gasoline to save energy. For another example, the handle of an ordinary umbrella is too long to carry, so the handle is divided into two or three retractable parts, which is a folding umbrella. The acrobatic troupe's unicycle is also decomposed from bicycles. There is also a kind of reverse thinking, that is, thinking in the opposite direction of a substance. For example, from warships floating on the water to diving boats sinking in the water.
(VI) Image thinking Image thinking is a way of thinking that is selected, analyzed and integrated according to various phenomena in life, and then artistically shaped. In the process of thinking in images, it is always inseparable from concrete images and contains the strong feelings of the creators. Thinking in images is the main thinking activity and mode in the process of literary and artistic creation. Gorky said: literary creation? Is it artistic to think mainly in images? Thinking? . Many vivid artistic models created by Mr. Lu Xun, such as Ah Q, Sister Xianglin and Hua Laoshuan, are selected and analyzed according to various characters and events in real life. Comprehensive generalization and creation through artistic processing. Thinking in images is also a way of thinking often used in scientific and technological inventions. For example, French chemist Kessler was inspired to create benzene rings by seeing a silver snake dancing in his sleep. Another example is the vivid bonsai created in modern times, which is also the result of thinking in images.
(7) Logical thinking Logical thinking is different from thinking in images. It reveals the essence of things with scientific abstract concepts and expresses the results of understanding reality. It is a process in which people reflect reality with the help of concepts, judgments and reasoning in the process of cognition. Logical thinking is a rigorous and scientific thinking form, which must completely conform to objective laws. The strength of this kind of thinking ability is closely related to the breadth of knowledge, and it is directly related to the success rate of creating results and the length of time. Since Leibniz of France put forward mathematical logic in the18th century, after many people's research, when Russell and Whitehead of England wrote Principles of Mathematics, mathematical logic has embarked on the road of vigorous development. The invention of electronic computer is the result created under the guidance of logical thinking. Even in literary and artistic creation, we cannot completely leave logical thinking. Any creation is not a scientist's subjective assumption, but the result of observation, analysis, judgment, reasoning and logical thinking in line with objective laws. In our daily life and work. Logical thinking is widely used; In the increasingly extensive creative activities, consciously and actively use logical thinking to cultivate creative ability; In the process of learning, forecasting and developing the future, logical thinking ability will occupy a very important position. It should be pointed out that application logic will predict the future. It is a very important link to study and develop people's creative ability.
(8) The concepts of divergent thinking and concentrated thinking divergent thinking were first put forward by Woodworth in 19 18. Later, Spearman and Cartel used it as a kind of? Fluency? Used by factors, guildford in? A three-dimensional model of intellectual structure? Divergent thinking and concentrated thinking are clearly put forward as intellectual operations. After 1950s, through the study of divergent thinking, three dimensions of divergent thinking were put forward: fluency (referring to the quantity of divergence), flexibility (referring to the flexibility of divergence) and originality (referring to the novel components of divergence), which are important contents of creative thinking. Psychologists have compiled divergent thinking tests to measure creative thinking, while intelligence tests are used to measure concentrated thinking. In this way, creative thinking and decentralized thinking are gradually equated, resulting in a tendency to exclude centralized thinking from creative thinking. Of course, in real life, there are creative thinking that only uses divergent thinking; Mainly refers to the kind of question with multiple answers. If asked to ask various questions about a short story, the subjects can give various answers. But in most cases, especially a newly answered question, if we want to solve it creatively, we must also be divergent and concentrated, so that we can gradually draw a correct conclusion. Therefore, we believe that divergent thinking is indeed the most important part of creative thinking, but in creative thinking activities, divergent thinking and concentrated thinking are dialectically complementary.
Stories about innovative thinking
During the period of 1940, Pacha, an American fur merchant, often went to the coast of Newfoundland to dig holes and fish in the frozen sea. The fish caught from the sea water was immediately frozen on the ice. When eating these frozen fish a few days later, Bacha found that as long as the ice on the fish does not melt, the taste of the fish will not change. Based on this discovery, Bacha began to try to freeze meat and vegetables. He found that meat and vegetables can be kept fresh as long as they are frozen like those fish. After several months of sleepless nights, Bacha applied for a patent for the food freezing method he invented. Because this is a new technology with great potential and application range, many people come to the door. In the end, General Food Company obtained this patent for tens of thousands of dollars.
It is an innovative way of thinking to find a new perspective from another angle. From the preservation of frozen fish to the invention of frozen food, we need to find a new perspective to observe and understand through various thinking.
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1. What are the characteristics of innovative thinking?
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