Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. It is also called "the king of chronic diseases" and "the source of all diseases".
At present, hundreds of millions of people in the world are continuing their lives and improving their quality of life through various anti-sugar drugs or treatments. Scientists are still continuing their research and are committed to finding a cure for diabetes.
The origin of these titles is not without reason. The struggle between human beings and sugar has been running through the whole history of human civilization.
So, along the way, how do we know and treat this disease?
diabetes
in 1874, the ancient Egyptian scientist Erbers discovered an ancient Egyptian medical book written on papyrus.
According to textual research, this book was written around 15 BC. The book records a disease with the symptom of "drinking too much and urinating too much", and also expounds the process of treating it with cereals, fruits and sweet wine.
This is the earliest written record about diabetes.
There are also related records about diabetes in Huangdi Neijing, the earliest medical classic in China.
Diabetes was also called "diabetes" in ancient times.
in the early Tang dynasty, a medical scientist named tāo used diet therapy to treat diabetes for his father, and recorded the process in his work "The Secret of Foreign Taiwan".
Wang Dao's book
Diet therapy is the only effective means for early people to treat diabetes. But the patient's treatment process is very painful, because the essence of its treatment is "hunger".
The first fundamental miracle about treating diabetes appeared in 1889.
At that time, there were two scientists at the University of Strasbourg in Germany-Oscar? Minkows and Joseph? Feng Meilin is studying the digestive function of animals with great interest.
In the experiment, they removed the pancreas of dogs, but later, they unexpectedly found that these puppies with pancreas removed had the same symptoms as humans with diabetes.
The location and composition of the pancreas
From this, they determined that the root cause of diabetes was the pathological changes of the pancreas, which led to changes in its secretion.
Subsequently, scientists from all over the world devoted themselves to the research on the extraction of pancreatic secretion, and named this substance "insulin" in advance.
How insulin works
In 192, a young Canadian doctor, Banting, suddenly thought of a method to extract insulin while reading a case.
He immediately ran to John, head of the Department of Physiology at the University of Toronto Medical College. Mcclyde's office put forward its own ideas to the professor. After a hard time, I borrowed a special laboratory from the professor.
In 1921, Banting and his team spent the whole summer studying more than 9 dogs and finally extracted effective insulin.
Team Banting
In January, 1922, a 14-year-old boy named Leonard Thomson received insulin injection treatment, and his condition was quickly controlled, so he became the first patient in the world to treat diabetes with insulin.
Since then, patients from the American continent have come to receive treatment. Banting team sold the insulin patent to the University of Toronto at a symbolic price of one dollar, and then authorized it to the company for production, thus opening the road of continuous production and treatment of insulin.
Injection of insulin
Although insulin is effective for type 1 diabetes, it has little effect on type 2 diabetes.
In the mid-2th century, scientists found that animals eating a kind of grass called "goat pea" would lead to hypoglycemia and even death.
This discovery inspired scientists, and the biggest culprit "goat bean alkali" was slightly modified to produce "metformin (guā)", an anti-sugar drug, which was used to treat type 2 diabetes.
metformin
At present, hundreds of millions of people in the world are continuing their lives and improving their quality of life through various anti-sugar drugs or treatments. Scientists are still continuing their research and are committed to finding a cure for diabetes.