What great achievements have China made in science and technology this year?

。 1. The ability of basic research and cutting-edge technological innovation has been significantly enhanced. Over the past five years, China has made a number of major original innovations in basic research. The total number of international papers has risen to the fourth place in the world, accounting for 7% of the total number of papers in the three international paper retrieval systems (SCI, EI, ISTP), and has entered the second phalanx of the world, which is equivalent to that of Britain, Germany and Japan. The number of nano-scientific papers ranks first in the world, and the number of engineering scientific papers ranks second in the world. The frontier technology field has broken through a number of core technologies, and the gap with the world advanced level has been narrowing. The research on cutting-edge technologies such as nonlinear optical crystals, quantum information communication, ultra-intense and ultra-short lasers, and high-temperature superconductivity ranks at the world's leading level, and a number of major achievements of independent innovation have emerged, such as manned space flight, super hybrid rice, high-performance computers, very large-scale integrated circuits, and the third-generation international standards for mobile communication. 2. Industrial technological innovation has made breakthroughs in many aspects. In recent years, China has greatly improved its technological innovation capability in basic industries, processing and manufacturing industries and emerging industries, and major technological innovation achievements in the fields of petroleum, steel, shipbuilding, electronic information, advanced equipment manufacturing and biotechnology have emerged continuously, and the overall technical quality of the industry has reached a new level. The independent development capability, complete set level and comprehensive engineering capability of major technical equipment have been significantly improved, which has effectively supported the construction of major national projects such as the Three Gorges Project, the West-to-East Power Transmission Project, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. 3. Science and technology have entered thousands of households and benefited hundreds of millions of people. In recent years, the government of China has placed great emphasis on solving people's livelihood problems and developing social undertakings. Scientific and technological progress has provided strong support for population health, energy conservation and emission reduction, climate change, disaster prevention and mitigation, and public safety. The cultivation and application of hybrid rice and the implementation of high-yield science and technology projects have provided important support for solving food security. In the energy field, a number of key technologies such as oil exploration, complete sets of equipment for large-scale coal liquefaction projects, large-scale hydropower equipment and advanced nuclear power have been broken, and a number of key technologies of new energy such as fuel cells, wind energy and biomass energy have been overcome, laying a foundation for adjusting the energy structure and ensuring energy security. Important progress has been made in the prevention and control technology of major diseases and major infectious diseases such as AIDS, viral hepatitis, SARS virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza. A number of new drugs have been successfully created and traditional Chinese medicine has been developed, which has provided an important guarantee for improving people's health. 4. The output level of intellectual property rights has been greatly improved. In the past five years, the number of domestic invention patent applications and authorizations in China has increased continuously and rapidly, and the ability to create intellectual property rights has been further enhanced. From 22 to 26, the number of domestic invention patent applications increased from 39,7 to 122,, and the number of domestic invention patents granted increased from . 58 million to 25,. With the establishment and gradual improvement of China's intellectual property system, the number of domestic and foreign invention patent applications accepted by China Patent Office has increased year after year. In 26, the total number of invention patent applications in China reached 21,, ranking fourth in the world. 5. The scale of high-tech industries continues to grow at a high speed. In the past five years, the average growth rate of high-tech industries has reached 27.%, which is 6.5 percentage points higher than the average growth rate during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. The proportion of the total output value of high-tech industries in manufacturing industry rose from 14.5% to 16%. In 26, high-tech industrial enterprises above designated size achieved a total industrial output value of 4,132.2 billion yuan, 2.7 times that of 22; The total import and export volume of high-tech products reached US$ 528.8 billion, 3.5 times that of 22. The trade structure was optimized and the competitiveness of the international market was increasingly enhanced. 6. National Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone has become an important base for scientific and technological innovation and an important engine for regional economic development. In 26, the total revenue and output value of the national high-tech industrial development zone reached 4.3 trillion and 3.6 trillion respectively; It has gathered half of the country's high-tech enterprises and technology business incubators, and the investment in research and development accounts for 1/3 of the country; The number of invention patents owned by enterprises in the region is 32,6; The industrial added value created by enterprises in the area reached 852.5 billion yuan, accounting for 9.4% of the national industrial added value. In the first half of 27, the National High-tech Industrial Development Zone achieved a total operating income of 2,589.18 billion yuan, a total industrial output value of 2,187.32 billion yuan, an industrial added value of 52.16 billion yuan, and foreign exchange earned by export of 96.7 billion US dollars. 7. The scale and intensity of investment in science and technology continued to increase. In 26, the total expenditure on science and technology in the whole society was 45 billion yuan, and the total expenditure on research and development in the whole society was 3.31 billion yuan, ranking fifth in the world. The intensity of R&D investment has been continuously improved, and the total R&D expenditure of the whole society accounts for 1.42% of GDP. In the past five years, the national financial investment in science and technology has maintained a rapid growth of 17% annually, of which the central financial allocation for science and technology reached 1.97 billion yuan in 26, an increase of 25.% over the previous year. 8. China has become a big country in human resources of science and technology in the world. In 25, the total number of scientific and technological human resources in China was about 35 million, ranking first in the world. In 26, the number of full-time R&D personnel in China reached 1.5 million/year; A dynamic team of young and middle-aged scientific and technological talents is growing rapidly, with young and middle-aged researchers under 45 accounting for 8% of the total number of researchers; The total number of students in colleges and universities has reached 23 million, making it the largest country in the world to train scientific and technological talents. 9. Significant progress has been made in the construction of the national innovation system. With the deepening of the reform of the scientific and technological system, the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation has been gradually enhanced, and the backbone and leading role of universities and scientific research institutions in technological innovation has been further exerted. In 26, the total R&D expenditure of enterprises in China reached 213.45 billion yuan, accounting for 71.1% of the total R&D expenditure of the whole society, and major technological achievements of enterprise development emerged continuously; Private scientific and technological enterprises have grown from more than 7, 2 years ago to 15, in 26. There are 227, research and development personnel in colleges and universities, and a number of major innovations have been achieved, such as the leading genes of human cell aging, the next generation Internet demonstration project, and the silkworm genome. The innovation ability of scientific research institutes has been significantly improved, the market-oriented innovation ability of applied development research institutes has been strengthened, and the innovation ability of public welfare research institutes has been further enhanced. The knowledge innovation project of China Academy of Sciences has achieved a number of major innovations and has become an important force in the construction of national innovation system. 1. The breadth and depth of international scientific and technological cooperation have been further expanded. At present, China has established scientific and technological cooperation relations with 152 countries and regions, signed 12 intergovernmental scientific and technological cooperation agreements with 96 countries, and signed more than 1, inter-departmental scientific and technological cooperation agreements, forming a relatively complete framework for bilateral and multilateral international scientific and technological cooperation among governments. Actively utilizing international scientific and technological resources, China has participated in international major scientific and engineering projects, such as ITER, Galileo global satellite navigation, international Earth observation, double-star exploration in earth space, protein Group of human liver, and international scientific and technological cooperation of traditional Chinese medicine. The channels for China scientists and scientific and technical personnel to participate in international scientific and technological cooperation have been further expanded, and personnel exchanges and cooperation have become closer and more convenient, with more flexible and diverse ways. So far, China has participated in about 35 international scientific and technological organizations, and 26 scientists have held leadership positions at all levels in international scientific and technological organizations.