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There are many types of dry hangings, and each type of hanging has its own installation method. The dry hanging method is directly related to the structure, installation, assembly cost and aesthetics of the curtain wall.
1. Pin type
That is, pins and backing plates are connected through the openings on the edge of the plate, see Figure 1. This kind of dry hanger and method were introduced from abroad in the mid-1980s, which laid the foundation for the domestic dry hanger award. It is also the reference part of the Ministry of Construction industry standard (JC830-1998). This type relies on the pin to bear force, and the stress is relatively concentrated at the pin hole. According to reports from existing projects, stone materials are partially cracked at stress concentration points, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and material-intensive during operation. It has been gradually replaced by other methods. Stone Learning Club (WeChat account stone5A)
2. Butterfly pose [commonly known as up and down. Two-end flip-up type)
The shape and method of this kind of pendant are a bit awkward, as shown in Figure 2. The strength of the pendant has been destroyed during processing (except for high-quality stainless steel). During construction, the thickness and curvature of the upper and lower heads force the cut groove to be widened, which can easily cause damage to the stone during installation. Excessive glue is used to process the groove width, which increases the overall cost, and the technology is slightly backward in use. The requirements for the material of the pendant are unclear, so it is not suitable for widespread use.
3. Welding type (i.e. "Y", type piece, commonly known as "welding joint")
This type of pendant is commonly used in current construction, and its installation is more advanced than the previous two types. The force transmission is simple, which reduces the damage to the stone. However, high-temperature heating during welding will cause "annealing," which greatly reduces the strength of the pendant. If the weld is not full, oxidation, rust, and shedding will occur. The solidity and safety are not guaranteed. Under the cumulative load If exposed to wind or ground movement, it will break and cause the curtain wall to fall from the sky.
Especially after welding and oxidation rust, rust water seeps into the stone along the grooves and causes pollution, which cannot be maintained and repaired, resulting in serious damage. If the entire curtain wall suffers from "skin disease", it will seriously affect the environmental protection and aesthetics. Therefore, this kind of pendant is not suitable for use in high-rise curtain walls.
4. Back-tie type
This kind of pendant is made in Germany. Introduce, see Figure 3. That is to drill holes in the back of the stone and connect it to the keel with money bolts. The curtain wall dry hanging system composed of back-cut anchor bolts and rear support systems cannot be solved due to the mechanical anchoring structure. This kind of pendant is made of 7075 phase silicon magnesium alloy. See Figure 4. It has been patented in China, the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries as well as Taiwan Province. The construction method is to fix the back of each board. There is no connection between the boards, so there will be no inseparable problems caused by mutual connection. Deterministic stress accumulation and stress concentration, the stress is simple and clear, and the bending strength of the plate can be fully utilized under normal use. It is a truly independent grade. Its material is lightweight, sprayed by high-voltage electrostatic powder, and has corrosion resistance. , high temperature resistance, anti-aging, lightweight and other characteristics, and can obtain accurate load-bearing capacity through static calculation, thus controlling the damage state when the main structure undergoes large displacement or large temperature difference, no additional damage will occur inside the plate. stress, so it is suitable for high-rise buildings and Hangzhan buildings, reflecting the design intention of flexible structural connections.
Comparative tests have proved that under the same stress state, when the plate specifications are the same, its load-bearing capacity is the same. The capacity is 2 to 3 times higher than that of traditional construction methods, and the corresponding displacement is only half of that of traditional construction methods, so it has a higher safety factor. During the construction process, you can freely select the hanging basin on the back of the board and hang it at any angle. Plate: different specifications and shapes such as rhombus, pillar, semicircle, triangle, arc, line, line, corner, head, special shape, parquet, relief, etc., used for the design requirements of various complex shapes, for designers The random hanging design creates space. Its simple structure, flexible method, and easy disassembly and assembly create convenience for maintenance.
6. Seam hanging type
This kind of pendant is made of aluminum. The alloy dry pendant is represented, as shown in Figure 5. Its material performance is the same as that of the back-mounted pendant, and the advantage of its construction method is that it is short-cut and positioned to ensure the verticality of the entire curtain wall and the arc with the same radius as the saw blade. Shaped inserts can be tightly fixed in the groove.
The pendant is extruded and has high strength and firmness, which improves the unfolding performance. The combination of TF parts can adjust the tilt of the wall to ensure the verticality requirements of the facing. This construction method is quick and easy, can improve work efficiency, speed up the construction progress, reduce labor intensity, and reduce the amount of glue, labor time, and plate thickness (1.5- 2.5cm) etc. The comprehensive cost is greatly reduced, as shown in Figure 5
Back-bolted and seam-hanging dry hanging fittings and construction methods have been adopted by many large-scale projects at home and abroad. In 2002, the "General Atlas of Building Structures" was jointly compiled and reviewed by the Architectural Design Standardization Office of North China and Northwest China. These two products and construction methods are systematically included in the national standard "National Unified Technical Measures for Civil Buildings - Construction Product Selection Technology" compiled and reviewed by the National Institute of Standardization. This piece and its hanging methods are also more comprehensively compiled. Among them, it is also the only stone dry hanging product and its construction method selected in this standard. This standard set was officially promulgated and implemented in March 2003.
Materials are the material basis to ensure the quality and safety of curtain walls. Stone dry hangers are a link that cannot be ignored in stone curtain wall materials. The above dry hanger products are all domestically produced. Due to the differences in production technology and management level Differences lead to differences in the quality of the same product on the market. As an outer envelope, the curtain wall does not bear the load of the main structure, but because it is on the outer surface of the building, in addition to bearing its own weight, it also has to bear the influence of wind load, ground development and temperature difference changes. Therefore, it should be ensured that curtain wall materials meet the requirements of national and industry standards, and the use of unqualified dry hanging products is strictly prohibited.
Qualified dry hanging products can not only ensure the safety, functionality, and artistry of the curtain wall, but also have a layered and three-dimensional appearance, and can meet the requirements of the building's "hundred-year plan, quality first" , Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the products used in curtain walls to ensure the quality of the materials.
The following is a comparison table of the advantages and disadvantages of various stone dry hanging methods
Comparative advantages of dry hanging and wet sticking for stone care exterior walls
1. Dry hanging Stone can reduce whitening pollution
The dry-hanging construction method can effectively prevent the problem of stone whitening. However, due to the high cost of dry-hanging stone, it is mainly used for exterior walls of high-end buildings. The whitening phenomenon of most stones is almost inseparable from the saline-alkali components of cement mortar. Because these saline-alkali components will be brought into the interior of the stone along with surface water or excess moisture in the cement, after the water is evaporated, white crystals will precipitate. It adheres to the surface of the stone and forms a whitening phenomenon. Therefore, to deal with whitening pollution, waterproof treatment through stone care is on the one hand, and on the other hand, dry-hanging construction is used to reduce the impact of chemical components such as salt and alkali.
2. Dry-hanging stone can reduce water stains and moisture mark pollution
Compared with wet-laying stone, judging from the assembly principle of dry-hanging stone construction, there are relatively few problems. Soaked by excess moisture. Whether it is the moisture in the cement mortar in the wet paste, or the moisture that has penetrated into the stone but cannot be easily discharged due to the structure of the wet paste, stone problems such as water spots and wet marks are more likely to occur than dry-hanging stone construction. Therefore, without considering economic factors, the skillful use of dry hanging stone can better protect the stone. In the later stage, only simple treatments such as stone care, cleaning, polishing and polishing are required.
3. Dry-hanging stone can reduce cracks and pore problems
In the past, people mostly used white cement to fill the joints when assembling stone. White cement has poor elasticity and ductility. Once the wall moves, the mutual extrusion between the wall stones will exert pressure on the stone, which will cause damage to the stone and form traces of cracks or pores. The construction method of dry-hanging stone will leave a little gap between the joints of stone assembly. This will have a certain expansion space when encountering wall movement caused by plate movement, wind and rain. Dry-hanging stone will reduce the number of stones. Squeeze between them to avoid cracks, pores and other stone care problems.
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