Psychological components and measurement of creativity: convergent thinking and divergent thinking (in divergent generation test, the level of creativity is measured by the fluency, flexibility and uniqueness of divergent thinking), long-distance association ability, and non-intellectual factors, such as people's persistence, self-confidence, willpower, sense of responsibility, diligence, enthusiasm, good image, extensive interest and independence.
Other notes: (Creativity of invention patent)
Creativity means: compared with the existing technology before the application date, the invention patent should have outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress; A patent for utility model should have substantial features and progress.
Creative thinking is a pioneering thinking activity, that is, exploring new fields of human cognition and creating new achievements of human cognition.
2) Creative thinking is an advanced psychological activity based on perception, memory, thinking, association and understanding, with the characteristics of comprehensiveness, exploration and novelty.
Creative thinking does not exist independently of other forms of thinking, but contains various forms of thinking.
Creative thinking requires hard mental work. The achievement of a creative thinking often requires long-term exploration, hard study and even repeated setbacks, while the ability of creative thinking requires long-term knowledge accumulation and quality tempering. As for the process of creative thinking, it is inseparable from countless thinking activities such as reasoning, imagination, association and intuition.
Creative thinking means divergent thinking. When encountering problems, this way of thinking can think from multiple angles, multiple sides, multiple levels and multiple structures to find answers. It is not limited by existing knowledge or traditional methods, and its thinking route is open and diffused. Its solution to the problem is not single, but it is explored and selected in various schemes and ways. Creative thinking is extensive and profound.
Creative thinking has the following characteristics:
Creative thinking is novel, which lies in innovation, or in the choice of ideas, or in the skills of thinking, or in the conclusion of thinking. It has unprecedented uniqueness, new insights, new discoveries and new breakthroughs on the basis of predecessors and ordinary people, so it has a certain range of initiative and pioneering.
Creative thinking has great flexibility. It has no ready-made thinking methods and procedures to follow, and people can freely use their imagination.
Creative thinking has the characteristics of artistry and non-imitation, and its object is mostly "things themselves" rather than "things for me" There are two possibilities for the result of creative thinking.
Creative thinking has a very important role and significance. First, creative thinking can continuously increase the total amount of human knowledge; Secondly, creative thinking can continuously improve people's cognitive ability; Third, creative thinking can open up a new situation for practical activities. In addition, the success of creative thinking can encourage people to further creative thinking. As Hua, a famous mathematician in China, said: "The value of' man' lies in his creative thinking."
Supplement: Creative thinking is a kind of advanced complex thinking to explore the unknown, which has its own characteristics and originality. It is the dialectical unity of diffuse thinking and concentrated thinking, the organic combination of creative imagination and realistic orientation, and the unity of opposites between abstract thinking and inspirational thinking. Creative thinking refers to thinking with initiative and originality, which can not only reveal the essence and regularity of objective things, but also produce novel, unique and socially meaningful thinking results on this basis and open up new fields of human knowledge. Creative thinking in a broad sense refers to the creative and meaningful thinking activities of the thinking subject, which every normal person has. In a narrow sense, creative thinking refers to the thinking activities of the thinking subject, such as exploring the invention and creation of unknown fields, putting forward new assumptions, creating new theories and forming new concepts. This kind of creative thinking is owned by a few people. Creative thinking is developed on the basis of the interaction between abstract thinking and image thinking, which are the basic forms of creative thinking. In addition, it also includes diffusion thinking, centralized thinking, reverse thinking, switch thinking and associative thinking. Among them, diffusion thinking produces information from given information, with emphasis on producing various outputs from the same source. And the transfer is likely to happen. Concentrated thinking is to produce logical conclusions from given information, and its focus is to produce unique or customarily accepted best results. Reverse thinking is to reverse the direction of thinking and find the answer to the question at the same time with two seemingly impossible ideas. Clutch thinking is a form of decomposition or integration of thinking objects in thinking. Then a new thinking mode of thinking product is obtained. Associative thinking is a way of thinking that connects the knowledge already mastered with a thinking object, and finds inspiration points from its relevance, so as to obtain creative ideas. Creative thinking is the necessary premise and condition to produce creative results, while creation is the driving force of historical progress, and creative thinking ability is the necessary means for individuals to promote social progress, especially in the era of knowledge economy. The cultivation and training of creative thinking is more important. The way is to enrich knowledge structure, cultivate associative thinking ability, overcome the resistance of habitual thinking to new ideas, cultivate the flexibility of thinking, strengthen discussion and often collide with ideas.
[Edit this paragraph] The characteristics of creative thinking
Creative thinking is the core of the intellectual structure of innovative talents and an indispensable factor for society and even individuals. Creative thinking is a unique advanced psychological activity process of human beings, and the result of human creation is the externalization and materialization of creative thinking. Creative thinking is developed on the basis of the highest form of human thinking-general thinking, and it is a thinking activity to solve problems with new methods. Creative thinking emphasizes development and breakthrough. Have obvious initiative in solving problems. This kind of thinking is linked with creative activities, which embodies the social value of novelty and uniqueness. The characteristics of creative thinking mainly include: the reality of thinking: being good at discovering the needs of society and the gap between people's ideals and reality. Starting from meeting the needs of society, expand the thinking space. Critical thinking: Dare to treat oneself and others' original knowledge with scientific skepticism, including authoritative judgment. Coherence of thinking: I am usually good at starting from small things, training my thinking, constantly putting forward new ideas and keeping my thinking active. Flexibility of thinking: be good at changing the direction of thinking skillfully and flexibly, and produce methods suitable for the times. Be good at choosing the best scheme and solving problems effectively. Leaping thinking: the thinking process is greatly omitted, and its thinking steps and thinking span are large. It has an obvious leap. Comprehensiveness of thinking: Possessing a large number of facts, materials and related knowledge in detail, making full use of the advantages of wisdom hybridization and the comprehensive application of various ways of thinking, giving full play to the guiding role of thinking, making in-depth analysis, grasping characteristics, finding out laws and creating new achievements. The formation of creative thinking must be consciously cultivated and trained, and rich knowledge, experience and wisdom must be accumulated. Only by being brave in practice and being good at learning from failure can we get inspiration.
[Keywords:] innovation, thinking, characteristics.
In today's world, the rapid development of economy, science and technology and culture is changing with each passing day, mainly due to creativity in various fields. Microscopically speaking, creativity is a measure of a person's talent and ability. Creative thinking is the core of the intellectual structure of innovative talents. Creative thinking is a unique advanced psychological activity process of human beings, and the result of human creation is the externalization and materialization of creative thinking. Creative thinking is developed on the basis of the highest form of human thinking-general thinking, and it is a thinking activity to solve problems with new methods. It reflects the internal and external organic connection of the essential attributes of things and is a materialized psychological activity. Creative thinking is different from the norm of general thinking. Although it has the characteristics of general thinking, it emphasizes development and breakthrough. Creative thinking has distinct initiative in solving problems, which is associated with creative activities and embodies the social value of novelty and uniqueness. The characteristics of creative thinking are as follows:
First, the reality of thinking.
Creation originates from the demand of development, and the demand of social development is the first driving force of creation. The realism of thinking is embodied in being good at discovering social needs and the gap between people's ideals and reality. Starting from meeting social needs, we can expand our thinking space. Social needs are various, explicit and implicit. This explicit demand has attracted the attention of the whole world. If we study it again, it is easy to follow in the footsteps of others and difficult to innovate. Hidden needs need to be discovered creatively.
In business wars, the phenomenon of "following the trend" often occurs. Once many merchants find that something is profitable, they immediately organize the supply of goods to sell. As a result, the supply of such goods in the market often exceeds demand, which is not only unprofitable, but also causes losses. Businessmen with creative thinking apply the principle of foresight to their operations, and through the collection, screening, analysis and judgment of information, draw a conclusion that conforms to the development law of things. Then formulate corresponding strategies. Wal-Mart is the first discount retailer in the world to try barcode, namely Universal Product Code (UPC) technology. On trial in 1980, the cashier efficiency was improved by 50%, so all Wal-Mart stores switched to bar code system (www.cnipr.com China Intellectual Property Network Chen Jing: on the significance and content of enterprise innovation). In case teaching, many western universities regard Wal-Mart as a model for introducing new technologies. For example, Changling Group developed fluorine-free refrigerators when the products were selling well, and eliminated itself first, thus taking the lead in the market competition.