Strengthen organizational leadership. Governments at all levels and relevant departments should, in accordance with the division of functions, do a good job in policy convergence, give active support in project construction, capital investment and institutional innovation, and help solve the problems encountered in the development and transformation of mineral resource-based cities. Governments at all levels should earnestly take the overall responsibility, do a good job in overall planning and coordination, strengthen the organization and leadership of the sustainable development of mineral resource-based cities, introduce supporting policies and measures, clarify work responsibilities, and ensure that relevant tasks are implemented. All mineral resource-based cities should formulate corresponding implementation plans, clarify the work order and focus, implement the main body of responsibility, and establish and improve the working mechanism.
Improve the assessment indicators. Formulate and improve the performance evaluation system and evaluation method conducive to the sustainable development of mineral resource-based cities, and take the orderly development of resources, the development of alternative industries, safe production, solving unemployment, the relocation and transformation of shanty towns, the restoration and management of mine environment, and the ecological protection of forest areas as the important contents of comprehensive evaluation.
Strict supervision and inspection. Strengthen the dynamic monitoring of the sustainable development of mineral resource-based cities, and establish and improve the regular evaluation system of planning. According to the evaluation results, timely and dynamically adjust relevant tasks, and constantly optimize policy measures and implementation plans. Improve the social supervision mechanism and encourage enterprises and the public to actively participate in and supervise.
Increase publicity. Publicize the importance of sustainable development of mineral resource-based cities in various forms and in all directions, and form a good atmosphere in which everyone cares about sustainable development and the whole society supports the transformation work.
According to the relevant policies and research results, the research group consulted experts to further refine the relevant measures and make them more operational.
6.3. 1 Strengthen organizational leadership and innovate assessment mechanism.
(1) Simplify administration and decentralize power to promote the construction of mineral resource-based cities.
In order to better promote the transformation of mineral resource-based cities, it is suggested that the central and provincial governments simplify and decentralize the examination and approval authority of investment projects. First, it is suggested that the central and provincial governments simplify procedures and shorten the examination and approval time in appropriate fields and links. Second, it is suggested that the central and provincial governments appropriately delegate relevant examination and approval authority and management authority. Including the annual inspection of mine mining rights, the approval of requisition and occupation of forest land, the approval of land development and consolidation that can be balanced within the administrative area, and the approval of tourism-related projects. The third is to explore the mode of central management planning and provincial management project approval.
(2) comprehensively strengthen the government's own construction.
Enhance the ability to promote entrepreneurship. Adhere to the law, choose the right direction and path based on the actual situation, not only to revitalize traditional industries, but also to make emerging industries rise strongly and strive to create new advantages in economic development.
Improve the level of administration according to law. Exercise authority in strict accordance with statutory authority and procedures, reduce offside, correct dislocation and fill vacancies. Consciously accept the legal supervision, work supervision and democratic supervision of CPPCC. Attach great importance to public opinion supervision and social public supervision. Effectively standardize major administrative decision-making procedures, prevent decision-making risks, and improve decision-making level. Deepen the openness of government affairs and let administrative power run in the sun.
Temper the diligent and pragmatic style. Strictly implement the "eight regulations" of the Central Committee on improving work style and keeping close contact with the masses, avoid formalism and bureaucracy, concentrate on seeking development and promoting work, concentrate on solving difficult problems and doing practical things, and concentrate on implementation and seeking practical results.
In accordance with the overall requirements of building a "pragmatic, clean and efficient" organ, we will carry out the activity of "improving the management of organ team construction" and strive to promote the construction of "five types" organs. Create a learning organization, create a learning atmosphere, formulate a learning system and a reward and punishment system, and strive to learn political theory, laws and regulations and professional knowledge. Create a harmonious organ, focus on implementing democratic centralism, and constantly improve scientific decision-making ability. Establish service-oriented institutions, change work style, strictly implement the acceptance and completion mechanism, improve the working system of institutions, and improve work efficiency. Establish a legal organ, fully publicize the relevant legal basis, bidding conditions, handling procedures, commitment time limit and charging standards to the society, and promote the supervision of the service object on the administrative behavior of the staff of the organ. Establish a clean and honest organ, strictly implement the rules of cadres' integrity and self-discipline, strengthen democratic appraisal, broaden channels for soliciting opinions and suggestions, and effectively solve problems that affect the vital interests of the masses.
(3) Strengthen organizational leadership and innovate assessment mechanism.
Governments at all levels should conscientiously implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and strive to create a new situation in their work. We should emancipate our minds and improve the ability of scientific development. Pay attention to studying new situations and solving new problems, improve the ability to control the market economy and cope with complex situations, implement decision-making arrangements on specific measures, and promote scientific development on the final results. Change functions and improve public service ability. Further strengthen social management and public service functions, and create a good development environment for market players. Strengthen the construction of democracy and legal system and improve the ability of administration according to law.
Improve the assessment and incentive mechanism, formulate and improve the performance evaluation system and assessment methods conducive to the sustainable development of mineral resource-based industries in the county, and take the orderly development of resources, safe production, project construction, and mine environment restoration and management as important contents of comprehensive evaluation. To quantify the indicators, strict assessment, to ensure that the objectives and tasks are fully completed.
6.3.2 Strengthen environmental governance and ecological protection, and develop green mining.
Put ecological civilization construction in a prominent position, integrate into the whole process of sustainable development of mineral resource-based county economy and mineral resource-based industry, adhere to the mutual promotion of development and protection, develop green mines, effectively solve ecological environment problems, and provide support for the sustainable development of mineral resource-based county economy and mineral resource-based industry.
(1) Vigorously promote energy conservation and consumption reduction.
We will continue to intensify the elimination of backward production capacity and technical equipment in mineral resource-based industries, improve the exit mechanism of backward production capacity, and promote the large-scale production and application of major energy-saving technology products. Improve the efficiency of industrial water use, promote the technological transformation of water-saving in key water-using industries, and strengthen water recycling in mines. Encourage the construction of cross-industry and cross-enterprise resource recycling industrial system, and promote the cascade utilization and efficient output of raw materials and energy.
(2) Strengthen the management of pollutant discharge.
Strictly implement the environmental access and emission standards of mineral resource-based industries, and take the total emission control index of major pollutants as the precondition for the approval of new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects. Strengthen desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal in enterprises with high energy consumption and high pollution, and strengthen the control of volatile organic pollutants and toxic waste gas and advanced treatment of wastewater. Prevent underground exploration and mining activities from polluting underground water bodies. Strengthen the pollution prevention and comprehensive treatment of coal gangue, fly ash, smelting waste residue and other bulk industrial solid wastes, and implement unified collection and disposal of pollutants in mining areas and industrial agglomeration areas.
(3) Strengthen mine geological environment restoration and ecological construction.
In-depth development of mining subsidence areas, open-pit coal mines and other major mine geological environment problems and ecological restoration, and earnestly do a good job in the late management of tailings reservoir closure to prevent underground exploration and mining activities from damaging the groundwater system. Vigorously promote the reclamation and ecological restoration of abandoned land, and actively guide social forces to participate in mine environmental management. New mining areas should be scientifically planned and rationally laid out, and the environmental impact assessment of mineral resources development planning and construction projects should be strengthened to effectively prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage. Strengthen environmental supervision of resource exploitation activities and strengthen synchronous recovery and governance.
(4) Comprehensively promote the construction of green mines.
It is necessary to change the development mode of mining industry, put the concept of green mining throughout the whole process of resource development and utilization, adhere to the basic requirements of scientific mining mode, efficient resource utilization, standardized enterprise management, production technology and mine ecological environment protection, promote rational resource utilization, energy conservation and emission reduction, ecological environment protection and mine-land harmony, and realize the coordination and unity of economic, ecological and social benefits of resource development. It is necessary to reform and innovate the resource management system, improve the construction standards of green mines, constantly improve the standards and levels of mine construction, strictly control the access of resource development, and make new mines plan, design and construct according to the standards of green mines. Further strengthen the supervision of production mines, urge mining enterprises to improve the development and utilization methods in accordance with the construction standards of green mines, and earnestly implement corporate responsibilities.
6.3.3 Build an eco-technical system to support the low-carbon development of mineral resource-based county economy.
Low-carbon economy is put forward under the background of coping with global climate change and advocating reducing greenhouse gas emissions in human production and life activities. Britain formally put forward the concept of "low-carbon economy" for the first time in the energy white paper in 2003, pointing out that low-carbon economy can obtain more economic output through less consumption of natural resources and environmental pollution.
Circular economy is a low-carbon economy. The characteristic of circular economy is the recycling of materials, making full use of natural resources and environmental capacity resources in an environmentally friendly way, and its essence is ecological economy, that is, recycling waste with the least resource consumption and environmental cost to maximize economic benefits. Through the "3R" principle, circular economy can consume less natural resources and environmental pollution and obtain more economic output, and its essence is consistent with the connotation of low-carbon economy. The "3R" principles of circular economy are reduction, reuse and recycling. The principle of reduction requires reducing the input of natural resources and energy consumption as much as possible in the whole production process, actively carrying out clean production, minimizing pollution emissions, saving resources and energy from the source, and reducing the environmental pollution load; The principle of reuse requires that as many items as possible be reused to delay the time when they become "garbage"; The principle of recycling should realize the recycling and reuse of waste, reduce the input of primary resources and energy and the generation of garbage.
Circular economy is a brand-new economic development model, and the development of circular economy can not be separated from the support of ecological technology system. At present, China has taken the development of circular economy as an important strategic goal, but from the perspective of technical support, the industrial technology system serving the practice of circular economy has not yet been formed, and there is still a big gap between the level of technological development and the inherent requirements of circular economy. According to the characteristics of mineral resource-based county economy and mineral resource-based industry in Hebei Province, aiming at achieving sustainable development, the low-carbon development model is emphasized, and the supporting technology system of circular economy in mineral resource-based counties (cities) in Hebei Province is constructed.
6.3.3. 1 Concept and composition of regional eco-technical system under circular economy
In 2009, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed for the first time that we should speed up the transformation of economic development mode and realize sound and rapid development of the national economy. Circular economy based on ecological economy is an important way to realize sustainable development strategy. Developing circular economy is a strategic choice for the second transformation of economic development mode in Hebei province after intensive economic development mode.
In the real economic society, there are contradictions and opposites between the traditional technology system and the circular economy. Traditional technology system has both advantages and disadvantages for circular economy. In order to make the technical system meet the needs of sustainable development, it is necessary to integrate its concept and connotation. In order to distinguish it from the traditional technology system, we call the integrated technology system ecological technology system.
Drawing on the views of relevant scholars, the research group combined the theory of circular economy, regional innovation and technology system theory, and put forward the concept of regional eco-technology system under the circular economy model: the regional eco-technology system under the circular economy model is a whole technology network of green technology with sustainable development as the goal, circular economy as the development model, emphasizing low-carbon development, taking enterprises, scientific research institutes, government departments and social groups as the implementation subjects, and combining according to the inherent logic of nature, economy and society.
According to the "5R" principle of circular economy, the regional ecological technology system based on circular economy model is a technology system with open source technology, reduction technology, reuse technology, recycling technology and ecological environment restoration and governance technology as the main body.
1) open source technology. The resource open source technology aims to improve the sustainable supply capacity and resource security level of mineral resources.
2) Reduction technology. Reduction means material reduction, which belongs to input control mode. Reduction technology needs both production and consumption. From the production link, reduction technology requires production units to reduce the input of natural resources and energy consumption as much as possible in the whole production process, actively carry out clean production, minimize pollution emissions, pay attention to saving resources and energy from the source, and reduce the environmental pollution load. From the perspective of consumption, the reduction technology is embodied in the design, development and production of green products of enterprises under the premise of protecting consumption diversification, and guiding the society to choose products that are safe, environmentally friendly, energy-saving and material-saving.
3) Multiplexing technology. It belongs to process control technology, which makes the best use of everything and improves the use effect of articles. From the perspective of technological innovation, recycling requires as many reusable items as possible to delay them from becoming "garbage", for example, focusing on the use of universal spare parts to improve product compatibility, providing a wide range of consumption combination space to meet diversified consumption; Improve the durability of products, suitable for maintenance and repair; Make the product simple and convenient for disassembly, inspection and transformation.
4) Recycling technology. Belonging to export technology, it is required to use the waste produced in one process or one use as the raw material for the next process or use, so as to realize the recycling and reuse of waste and reduce the input of primary resources and energy and the generation of garbage.
5) Ecological environment restoration and management technology. Eco-environmental restoration and treatment technology oriented to improve the ecological effect of resource industry chain (including eco-environmental protection technology, eco-environmental restoration technology, "three wastes" harmless treatment technology and eco-environmental treatment technology).
Construction of Supporting Technology System for Circular Economy in Mineral Resource-based Counties (Cities) in 6.3.3.2
According to the actual situation and industrial characteristics of circular economy in mineral resource-based counties (cities) in Hebei Province, the research group studied and constructed a technical system with characteristics of Hebei Province and in line with the "3R" principle of circular economy, and initially determined the pillar industries of developing mineral resource-based county economy in Hebei Province and the mineral resource mining and dressing industry, coal industry, steel industry and building materials industry among the characteristic industries. The research group mainly refers to the Supporting Technology of Circular Economy in Key Industries compiled by the National Development and Reform Commission. Through literature review, field visits and interviews, it screens and classifies the supporting technology systems of circular economy in mineral resources mining, coal industry, steel industry and building materials industry, organically integrates related technologies, and establishes the supporting technology system of circular economy in related industries, which provides reference for relevant departments to formulate technical system policies and relevant enterprises to establish the supporting technology system of circular economy.
(1) Construction of circular economy supporting technology system for mineral resources mining and dressing industry
Mineral resources are an important material basis for national economic construction and social development. In 20 10, more than 92% of energy, more than 80% of industrial raw materials and more than 70% of agricultural means of production in China came from mineral resources, and more than 30% of agricultural water and drinking water came from groundwater in the category of mineral resources. China is in the process of rapid industrialization and needs to consume a lot of mineral resources. The industrialization of developed countries in the 20th century was at the cost of 15% of the world population consuming 75% of the world's resources. China's per capita resources are only 58% of the world's, so we have no conditions and should not repeat the old road of high resource consumption.
Under the development mode of circular economy, the transformation of mineral resources mining and dressing industry is mainly reflected in: reducing the impact on ecological environment as much as possible in the production process and completing mine ecological restoration in time; Pay attention to the consumption reduction, efficient utilization and regeneration cycle of mineral resources; Strive to achieve low or zero emissions of mining waste and reduce environmental pollution. Here, the research group screened and classified the supporting technologies of circular economy of mineral resources industry, and established the supporting technology system of circular economy of mineral resources-based county economy in Hebei Province (Table 6.3).
Table 6.3 Technical System for Supporting Circular Economy in Mineral Resources Mining and Dressing Industry
sequential
sequential
(2) Construction of supporting technology system for circular economy in coal industry.
In recent years, the coal industry in Hebei Province has made great progress, but there are still some outstanding problems such as low industrial concentration, unreasonable economies of scale, extensive management and high environmental cost. There is still a big gap in orderly development of resources, intensive utilization, energy conservation and emission reduction and sustainable development. At present, the competition of resource development and integration in China is becoming increasingly fierce. It is not only necessary but also urgent to build a technical support system of coal industry circular economy under the circular economy mode in Hebei Province, to promote the transformation and upgrading of coal coking industry with coal industry as the main body, to improve the ability of resource guarantee, to develop circular economy and to promote sustainable economic and social development. Here, the research group screened and classified the supporting technologies of circular economy in coal industry, and established the supporting technology system of circular economy in coal industry (Table 6.4).
Table 6.4 Technical System Supporting Circular Economy in Coal Industry
sequential
(3) Construction of supporting technology system for circular economy in iron and steel industry.
Iron and steel industry is the pillar industry of mineral resource-based county economy in Hebei Province, and it is also the key industry of energy resource consumption and pollution emission. At present, the development of circular economy in Hebei iron and steel industry still faces the following problems: First, there is still a gap in energy utilization efficiency. Second, the emission control of major pollutants needs to be strengthened. Third, the technical level of comprehensive utilization of solid waste is low. Fourth, backward production capacity still exists. Fifth, the promotion of advanced technology is not enough. The incentive mechanism for the popularization and application of advanced energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies has not been fully established, the technical specifications are not perfect, and the energy and environmental management level of enterprises needs to be further improved. At present, the iron and steel industry in Hebei Province is facing the problems of intensified merger and reorganization at home and abroad, resource shortage and environmental capacity limitation. Developing circular economy can alleviate the increasingly prominent resource and environmental constraints in the development of iron and steel industry. The principle for the research group to choose the supporting technology system of circular economy is to maximize the utilization effect of energy, water resources and raw materials, and maximize the utilization effect of steel products. Through literature review, field research and interviews, the supporting technologies of circular economy in iron and steel industry were screened and classified, and the related technologies were organically integrated, and the supporting technology system of circular economy in iron and steel industry was established (Table 6.5).
Table 6.5 Technical System for Supporting Circular Economy in Iron and Steel Industry
sequential
sequential
(4) Building materials industry circular economy supporting technology system.
Building materials industry is the main industry of mineral resource-based county economy in Hebei Province. The main products are cement, flat glass, building sanitary ceramics, stone, wall materials and so on. The raw materials of the building materials industry mainly come from the mining industry, and various high-temperature furnaces are used in production, and their products serve the construction industry and various civil engineering. Building materials industry is also an industrial field that consumes a lot of resources and energy, emits a lot of pollutants and has a great impact on the ecological environment. The upstream of building materials industry is mineral resources mining and selection industry, and the downstream is construction industry. Building materials industry is easy to establish ecological relations with upstream and downstream industries, and it is a very active and important industry in coupling various industries and building an ecological industrial system. We must fully understand the constraints of limited resources and environment on the development of building materials industry, accelerate the transformation to circular economy development mode and take the road of sustainable development. Here, the research group screened and classified the supporting technologies of circular economy in building materials industry, and established the supporting technology system of circular economy in building materials industry (Table 6.6).
Table 6.6 Supporting Technology System of Circular Economy in Building Materials Industry
sequential
6.3.4 Strengthen infrastructure construction and optimize the development environment.
The mineral resource-based county economy should scientifically plan the regional functional orientation and industrial layout of the city and enhance the city's radiation-driven ability. Strengthen the construction of public service facilities for mineral resource-based county economy, increase the construction and transformation of municipal public facilities such as water supply and drainage, heat supply, gas supply and garbage collection and transportation, and accelerate the construction of a number of environmental protection projects such as sewage treatment and air pollution prevention and control. Combined with the consolidation of industrial and mining wasteland in mineral resource-based counties (cities), we will build urban green space and landscape system with appropriate total amount and beautiful landscape. It is necessary to focus on transportation and electricity, strengthen infrastructure construction, and enhance the carrying capacity of development. In accordance with the requirements of complete functions and supporting facilities, and according to the needs of economic and social development, we will vigorously promote the construction of infrastructure such as water, electricity and roads, and realize the sharing of public resources and centralized control of garbage. Accelerate the construction of water conservancy projects to provide water security for economic and social development; Focusing on the orientation of each park, the power grid upgrading project will be implemented to effectively improve the power supply support capacity; Improve the transportation network and promote the construction of special transportation lines for freight hubs such as coal, ore and oil in an orderly manner. Strengthen the connection between urban areas and industrial and mining areas, and promote the docking and extension of municipal public facilities in urban areas to mining areas.
6.3.5 Strengthen the role of scientific and technological innovation and talent support.
Mineral resource-based cities should attach importance to scientific and technological innovation and talent introduction, constantly consolidate the soft power of urban economic development and lay the foundation for economic transformation.
First, improve the innovation environment, enhance the ability of independent innovation, and strive to break down the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict innovation. On the one hand, we should strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of scientific and technological innovators and stimulate their enthusiasm for innovation. On the other hand, it is necessary to increase financial support for scientific and technological innovation. Accelerate the construction of investment and financing platform for scientific and technological innovation, set up innovation and venture capital funds, carry out pilot innovation of financial products such as intellectual property pledge loans and scientific and technological insurance, and drive social funds to invest in the field of scientific and technological innovation.
The second is to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. We will build an enterprise-oriented and market-oriented science and technology service platform as soon as possible, and accelerate the transformation, popularization and utilization of innovative achievements. Establish an incubation network with high-tech achievements industrial park as the core and scientific and technological enterprise decomposers as the support, and improve the industrial chain of scientific research and development-achievements transformation-scientific and technological services. Establish and improve public service platforms and intermediary service markets, and promote the transfer and transformation of scientific research achievements. Try to establish a number of scientific and technological innovation venture capital companies to support the construction of industrial parks related to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
The third is to actively introduce talents. It is necessary to introduce high-quality talents in a targeted manner, and strive to introduce a group of leading scientific and technological talents who can break through key technologies and develop high-tech industries. It is necessary to strengthen personnel training and promote the popularization and application of advanced technologies and concepts in mineral resource-based cities. Strengthen cooperation with relevant universities in the province and China to realize the localization of talents.
6.3.6 Strengthen publicity and improve the level of publicity and education.
Publicize the importance of sustainable development of mineral resource-based cities in various forms and in all directions, and form a good atmosphere in which everyone cares about sustainable development and the whole society supports the transformation work. Strengthen typical propaganda, explore social propaganda, and form a propaganda work pattern led by environmental protection departments and linked by society. Use traditional media such as television and newspapers to publicize relevant laws and regulations, praise advanced units and individuals that protect the environment and control pollution, and expose ugly phenomena that damage the environment and public morality. Vigorously promote the establishment of green units, further enhance the environmental awareness of the whole people, and improve the level of ecological civilization construction.