(1), classification language
It is a retrieval language that classifies and arranges a large number of concepts that express the contents of literature information and retrieval topics according to their disciplinary nature, and becomes a logical system that basically reflects the usual classification system of scientific knowledge, and uses numbers (classification numbers) to represent concepts and their positions in the system, and even to express the relationship between concepts. China Library Classification is the basis of book classification in China. China Library Classification divides all knowledge categories into Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought according to the five-point method. Philosophy; Social science; Natural science; Five categories of comprehensive books. On this basis, a system series consisting of 22 categories is constructed.
(2) Theme language
Refers to the controlled words that express the information content of documents. Subject words need to be standardized, and thesaurus is the embodiment of the language of subject words. The words in thesaurus are used as the basis for identifying the content of documents and finding documents.
(3), keyword language
Refers to the keywords extracted from the document content as the identification of the document content and the basis for searching the directory index. There is no need to standardize keywords, and there is no need to use keyword list as a tool for indexing and searching books and materials. (4), natural language:
Refers to any word that appears in the literature.
Literature retrieval method
(1), the author's way
Many retrieval systems have author index and institution index (institution author or institution to which the author belongs), and patent literature retrieval systems have patentee index. The method of searching from the names of authors, editors, translators and patentees or the names of institutions and groups by using these indexes is collectively called author method.
(2) The title includes the title of the book, the name of the periodical and the name of the article.
Some retrieval systems provide retrieval methods by title, such as title catalogue and periodical catalogue.
(3) Classification method
Searching documents according to the subject classification system. This method is based on knowledge system. Therefore, it can better reflect the discipline system, reflect the affiliation, derivation and parallel relationship between disciplines and things, and facilitate us to find documents from the scope of disciplines and play the role of "analogy". Classified retrieval mainly uses classified catalogue and classified index.
(4) Thematic method
Literature retrieval is carried out through subject words that reflect the content of literature. Because the thematic method can reflect all aspects of a theme, it is convenient for readers to conduct a comprehensive and systematic thematic study on a certain problem, thing and object. We can find all aspects of the literature on the same subject through the subject catalogue or index.
(5), the way of reference
References or quotations attached to documents are one of the external characteristics of documents. The index system compiled by using this citation is called citation index system, which provides a method to retrieve cited papers from cited papers, called citation method.
(6), numbering method
Some documents have specific serial numbers, such as patent number, report number, contract number, standard number, international standard book number and publication number. The file serial number is clear, short and unique, which is used to identify some files. Based on this, various serial number indexes can provide a way to retrieve literature information in the order of serial number itself.
(7), code way
An index compiled according to a certain thing code, such as molecular formula index, ring index, etc. , which can be retrieved from a specific code order.
(8), special engineering approach
Some special problems can be solved by searching from the specific order of noun terms, place names, personal names, organization names, trade names, biological common names and years contained in or related to literature information.
Literature retrieval method
(1), direct method
Also known as ordinary method, it refers to the method of directly using retrieval system (tool) to retrieve literature information. It is also divided into sequential investigation, reverse investigation and spot check.
(1) sequential search method
Sequential retrieval method refers to the method of using retrieval system to retrieve literature information from far to near in time sequence. This method can collect systematic documents of a certain discipline and is suitable for document retrieval of larger disciplines. For example, to know the initial age of a subject, we need to know the whole process of its development now, so we can use the sequential search method to start from the initial age and gradually find it in the near future.
(2) Backward search method
Reverse retrieval method is a method of literature retrieval by using retrieval tools from near to far, from new to old and from reverse time. This law focuses on recent literature. Using this method, you can get the latest information as soon as possible.
(3) Sampling method
Spot check method refers to the characteristics of the project, selects the most likely or most likely time period of document information related to the project, and uses retrieval tools to carry out key retrieval.
(2), backtracking method
It refers to the method of tracing the original texts (cited documents) one by one without using the general retrieval system, and then expanding the scope of literature information one by one from the list of references listed after these original texts, and tracing them one by one. It can snowball and get better retrieval results according to the citation relationship between documents.
(3), the cycle method
Also called subsection method or synthesis method. It uses direct method and backtracking method alternately in stages to learn from each other's strong points and cooperate with each other to obtain better retrieval results.
Document retrieval steps
Document retrieval is a very practical activity, which requires us to be good at thinking and gradually master the law of document retrieval through regular practice, so as to obtain the required documents quickly and accurately. Generally speaking, literature retrieval can be divided into the following steps:
(1) Define the purpose and requirements of the search.
(2) Select a retrieval tool
(3) Determine the retrieval mode and method.
(4) According to the literature clues, consult the original literature.
Manual retrieval tool
Refers to the print retrieval tools, mainly the following:
(1), catalogue, index, abstract catalogue, also known as bibliography. It is a retrieval tool that records several related books or other types of publications and arranges them in a certain order. Index is a retrieval tool to record titles, authors, topics, names, place names, terms, etc. Articles contained in a batch or category of books, newspapers and periodicals, with their sources indicated, are organized according to a certain sorting method. An index is different from a directory. It reveals the document units, knowledge units and content items in publications (books, newspapers, periodicals, etc.). ), and indicate the source, so as to facilitate detailed and in-depth retrieval. It is a short article, which concisely and accurately describes the important contents of the literature, with the purpose of providing a summary of the contents of the literature, without comments or supplementary explanations. A retrieval tool that collects the abstracts of a large number of documents and arranges them according to certain methods is called abstract retrieval tool, which is abbreviated as abstract.
(2) the king of encyclopedia reference books. It is a complete reference book summarizing all kinds of human knowledge or a certain kind of knowledge, and it is a collection of knowledge. It is the product of collecting, concentrating and organizing existing human knowledge. Encyclopedias are generally arranged in alphabetical order according to the items (entries) and have corresponding indexes, which are convenient for quick search.
(3) Yearbook is a reference book that collects major events, new progress, new knowledge and new materials in a certain range according to the annual system for readers to consult. It is published continuously every year, and the content received is generally limited to that year. It can be used to check the events, progress, achievements, activities, meetings, people, institutions, statistical data, important documents or documents in a specific field in that year.
(4) Manual Directory Manual is a collection of documents, materials, information and related professional knowledge that need to be consulted frequently. A catalogue is a reference book that provides concise information about proper names (names of people, places, institutions, etc.). ).
(5) Dictionary (dictionary) Dictionary is the most commonly used reference book. It is divided into linguistic dictionaries (dictionaries) and knowledge dictionaries.
(6), table spectrum, table spectrum, reference books written in the form of charts and genealogies are mostly arranged in chronological order. It is mainly used to check time, historical events and people's information. Catalogue, including maps and catalogues.
(7), books, political books
Types of literature retrieval:
1. Data retrieval: retrieval based on data in literature. For example, find the resistance of a certain material and the melting point of a certain metal;
2. Fact retrieval: according to the facts in the literature, retrieve the time, place or process of an event; For example, when was Lu Xun born?
3. Literature retrieval: retrieval with the original literature as the retrieval object.
Document retrieval means:
1. Manual search.
2. Computer retrieval.
China periodical network
How many albums are included in China Journal Network 1 full-text database? The full-text thematic database of China Journal Network includes nine thematic collections, including Science and Technology A, Science and Technology B, Science and Technology C, Agriculture, Medicine and Health, Literature, History and Philosophy, Economics, Politics and Law, Education and Social Sciences, Electronic Technology and Information Science.
2 How many retrieval fields are there in the dedicated full-text database of China Journal Network? The retrieval method of China Journal Network includes 13 retrieval fields, namely, title field, author field, keyword field, subject field, institution field, Chinese publication name field, Chinese abstract field, citation field, fund field, full-text field, year field, number of issues field and ISSN field.
3 How many basic retrieval fields are there in the special full-text database of China Journal Network? In the 13 retrieval field, the article title, abstract, keywords, subject words and full-text fields belong to the basic fields, so you can find relevant documents from the perspective of subject.
4 How many retrieval methods are there in the full-text database of China Journal Network? * * * There are three retrieval methods. They are: 1) classified navigation. Using the photo album column and its classified navigation tree provided by the system to find relevant documents is suitable for the occasion of comprehensive investigation of documents in a certain subject. 2) Primary retrieval. Retrieves the specified field using the retrieval item. 3) Advanced retrieval. It refers to finding documents that meet these conditions and logical relationships at the same time by setting multiple search conditions and logical combinations.
5 What is the secondary retrieval of the special full-text database of China Journal Network? Can I only get it back twice? The second search is to search again within the scope of the previous search results, thus narrowing the search scope and making the search results gradually approach the requirements of this topic. Its function is equivalent to the logical AND operation between the last retrieval and the next retrieval. No matter whether it is the first-level retrieval interface or the advanced retrieval interface, as long as the number of retrieval results allows, the second-level retrieval can be repeated until the requirements of the subject are met.
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