The appearance of Jenny Machine marks the beginning of the British industrial revolution. The appearance of Jenny machine enabled a large-scale weaving factory to be established.
Compared with the old spinning wheel, Jenny's spinning ability has been improved by 8 times, but it still needs manpower.
The British industrial revolution, which influenced the course of world history, was kicked out by a man and then began. This story is still true!
It started with a day in 1764. James hargreaves, a weaver in Lancashire, England, came home that night. When he opened the door, he accidentally kicked over the spinning machine his wife was using. His first reaction at that time was to straighten the spinning machine quickly. But when he bent down, he suddenly froze. It turned out that he saw that the spinning machine that had been kicked down was still turning, but the spindle that had been sideways had now become upright. It suddenly occurred to him that if several spindles were arranged vertically and driven by a spinning wheel, wouldn't it be possible to spin more yarns at once? Hargreaves was very excited and immediately tried to do it. In the second year, he built a new spinning machine with one spinning wheel driving eight vertical spindles, and the efficiency was improved eight times at once. In 1764, he made a spinning machine named after his daughter Jenny. This is the earliest multi-spindle manual spinning machine, which is equipped with eight spindles and fed with fiber strips by rollers. It is suitable for spinning cotton, wool and hemp fibers. The appearance of Jenny's spinning machine caused a panic among a large number of manual spinners at that time. They rushed into Hargreaves' home and destroyed the machine. In 1768, J. Hargreaves set up a spinning workshop in Nottingham with others as a joint venture to produce knitting yarn with Jenny spinning machine. As he failed to apply for a patent in those years, he had to make money by making his own Jenny machine. "Jenny Machine" is not only efficient, but also the yarn quality is better, so Hargreaves' business is good, and "Jenny Machine" is gradually spreading.
This evening, after dinner, Mr. and Mrs. Hargreaves are talking about the growing affluence that Jenny Machine has brought them. Suddenly a flurry of footsteps appeared at his door, and then the door was violently knocked down and a group of angry men and women rushed in. They couldn't help saying that they destroyed all the "Jenny machines" made in the room: "Go to hell with the harmful machines you made!" Someone even set fire to Hargreaves' house. The couple were kicked out of a small town in Lancashire.
It turns out that after the British Industrial Revolution, a large number of peasants who lost their land flooded into cities to work for factory owners to make a living. At that time, Britain occupied India as a colony, and the cotton textiles produced in India were cheap and good, and they sold well for a while, which triggered the prosperity of the British cotton spinning industry. However, the productivity of weaving machinery has been greatly improved because of the invention of shuttle technology by mechanical worker Kay. The cotton yarn needed for weaving is still slowly spun by the spinning wheels of many household handicrafts. Therefore, cotton yarn is in short supply and the purchase price is higher. The invention of "Jenny Machine" increased the output of cotton yarn, so the price of cotton yarn purchased by weaving mills fell. Those spinning workers who don't use Jenny machine not only have low output, but also can't sell cotton yarn at a good price. After a long time, their anger broke out, and the scene of destroying the machine happened.
Mr. and Mrs. Hargreaves had to live on the streets of Nottingham, but they still tried to improve the Jenny machine.
in p>1768, Hargreaves obtained a patent; By 1784, "Jenny Machine" had increased to eighty spindles. Four years later, there are 2, Jenny machines in Britain.
the industrial revolution constantly spawned new inventions. In 1769, Richard Ackerlet invented the reel spinning machine. It is powered by water power, without manual operation, and the spun yarn is tough and strong, which solves the technical problem of producing pure cotton cloth. However, the hydraulic spinning machine is very large, so it is necessary to build a tall factory building, and it must be built next to the river, and there are a large number of workers to operate it centrally. So, in 1771, he established a factory with 3 workers; Ten years later, the number of workers increased to 6. In this way, the textile industry gradually transitioned from handicraft workshops to factory industries. By 18, there were 3 such factories in Britain. But the yarn spun by this machine is too thick and needs to be improved.
Samuel Klomp, a child laborer, invented the spinning frame in 1779. It combines the characteristics of Jenny machine and hydraulic spinning machine, also known as mule machine. The cotton yarn spun by this machine is soft, fine and strong, and it is quickly applied. By 18, there were 6 mule spinning mills in Britain.
The great development of the British spinning industry has made the weaving industry look backward. In 1785, pastor Cartwright invented the hydraulic loom, which improved the weaving efficiency forty times. By 18, the British cotton spinning industry had basically realized mechanization.
Spinning machines and looms are driven by water power, which makes the factory must be built by the river, and the production is unstable due to the seasonal difference of river water volume, which urges people to develop new power-driven machinery. In 1785, Watt's improved steam engine began to be used as the power of textile machinery, and it was quickly popularized, which caused the climax of the first technological and industrial revolution, and human beings entered the machine and age of steam. By 183, the whole cotton spinning industry in Britain had basically completed the transformation from workshop handicraft industry to machine industry powered by steam engine.
as the power, the steam engine has been widely used in mining, metallurgy, flour milling, manufacturing, transportation and other industries since the textile industry. In 187, American Fulton invented the steamboat. In 1814, an Englishman Stevenson invented the train. When entering the 184s, Britain's major industries have adopted machines, completed industrial modernization and became the first industrialized capitalist country in the world.
In this way, the industrial revolution from workshop handicraft industry to machine industry began with the British textile industry. Then, the advanced technology of the industrial revolution was widely absorbed and adopted by the United States, France, Germany, Russia and other European and American powers, which greatly improved labor productivity, promoted the development of commerce and transportation, accelerated the process of urbanization, and greatly changed human life.