Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty were brothers, while the Northern Song Dynasty was related to Xixia and Jin.
Liao was a minority regime in the northeast during the Song Dynasty in the Central Plains, and Xixia was a regime in the northwest!
After the alliance of Chanyuan, Song and Liao reached a peace agreement, and Song gave Liao old coins every year, which was about a brotherly country. Whoever had an older monarch would be a brother. It is called this in the official credentials; After Song and Xixia reached a peace agreement, Song gave Xixia a new year's coin, and Xixia surrendered to Song.
at the end of Liao dynasty, Jin rose and made an alliance with Song to attack Liao. After the two sides finished destroying Liao, Jin broke the contract and sent troops south to attack Song. The alliance between the two sides broke down, and Song and Jin turned into confrontation.
When the Liao people were strong, they conquered the Nuzhen, but when they declined, they were destroyed by the Nuzhen. The Nuzhen established Jin, and the rulers conquered the nomadic people in the north by the way when they chased the Liao people. A Temujin emerged from the nomadic people in the north, and after integrating the nomads, they joined forces with the Southern Song Dynasty to destroy the rulers.
expanded information
The political system of the Song Dynasty generally followed the political system of the Tang Dynasty, but the prime minister was no longer the governor of the three provinces, but Pingzhang, who was in charge of the same book. Also added to participate in government affairs as the deputy phase, commonly known as the ruling, and the prime minister collectively known as "slaughter." In the Song Dynasty, the relative power was greatly reduced, and it was only responsible for administrative functions. Zhongshumen and the Privy Council are collectively called the Second House, which is in charge of civil and military affairs.
There are also three divisions, namely, Salt and Iron Division, Household Division and Expenditure Division, which are in charge of financial power, and are known as province planning. In this way, the three powers, namely, the three divisions, the commanding officers and the Tang dynasty, balanced each other, thus weakening the relative power and strengthening the imperial power. In the Song Dynasty, an admonition court and an admonition officer were set up outside the Yushitai, which were supervisory bodies responsible for impeachment and other matters. After this reform, the emperor can take over the power.
the government of the northern song dynasty adopted the way of dividing the powers, holding the post of prime minister by many people, and at the same time, it also set up a Tang dynasty envoy, an adviser to political affairs and three department envoys to divide the military, political and financial powers of the prime minister, so that the emperor had more power than previous dynasties.
in the song dynasty, the official appointment system was also implemented, which separated the official title from the actual position, that is, the system of "official, post and dispatch". The official is the official name, such as Shangshu, Assistant Minister and so on, which is just a virtual title, used for grading and fixing salary; Post, also known as post, is an honorary title awarded to some civil servants, and there is no actual post, such as bachelor's degree and straight cabinet;
Dispatching is the actual position of an official, so it is also called a career official, a Tang dynasty envoy, a three-department envoy, etc., and belongs to this category. General officials, on the other hand, put the words "judge, know, have the right, control the hook, and raise the level" before their posts, such as judging the temple affairs, knowing the state, raising the level, and so on, to show their dispatch. The purpose of this is also to centralize power.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Northern Song Dynasty