1. General construction safety knowledge.
1. During the operation, employees should strictly abide by the unit's production safety regulations and operating procedures, obey management, and wear and use labor protection equipment correctly.
2. Guardrails and safety nets should be installed when working at heights and near edges.
3. Before construction, you should first find out whether there are deep pits, tombs, underground pipelines, high and low voltage lines and surrounding structures, and formulate corresponding measures to avoid damage to them.
4. New workers should receive three-level safety education before taking up their jobs. Only after being approved by the person in charge of the construction site and signed by both parties who have passed the examination can they enter the operating position.
5. Sufficient lighting must be provided for night operations. In case of thunderstorms and strong winds above level 6, operations must be stopped and the power supply must be cut off.
6. Electricians, welders, crane workers, aerial workers, forklift, crane drivers and other special workers must hold certificates to work.
7. It is strictly forbidden for patients and child workers under 18 years old to participate in construction. It is strictly forbidden to wear slippers, high heels, slippery shoes, bare feet, shirtless, open arms and participate in work after drinking.
8. Always check whether the joints of the scaffolding are firm and whether the safety protection settings are complete.
9. People who are drunk and suffer from high blood pressure, heart disease, and epilepsy are strictly prohibited from participating in high-altitude operations.
2. Disclosure of temporary electricity safety during construction.
1. On-site production electrical equipment must be managed by dedicated personnel. Unrelated personnel are strictly prohibited from tampering with electrical equipment. Operators should conduct careful and detailed inspections of the equipment when taking up work, and turn off the on-site electrical switches when leaving get off work.
2. The distribution box must be equipped with a leakage protection switch to achieve one machine, one gate and one protection. All mechanical and electrical equipment must be effectively protected from grounding or zero connection. The vertical distance between the bottom surface of the fixed distribution box and switch box and the ground shall not be less than 1.3m, and the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the mobile distribution box and switch box and the ground shall be greater than 0.6m. Rainproof measures shall be taken and the door shall be installed and locked.
3. The main construction line should adopt the "three-phase five-wire system". The on-site lines must be arranged neatly according to regulations and are not allowed to be dragged on the ground to prevent crushing. Markings should be set up when buried underground.
3. Construction is strictly prohibited under high-voltage lines. The minimum safe construction distance between the edge of the pile frame and the high-voltage lines is: 6m for high-voltage lines below 10 kV, 8m for 35-110 kV high-voltage lines, and 220 kV high-voltage lines. The distance is 10 meters, and the safe distance for 350-500 kV high-voltage lines is 15 meters. Corresponding protective measures must be taken during construction.
4. Electricians are not allowed to operate with power on when wiring. When dismantling and repairing, a warning sign "No closing is strictly prohibited" should be hung at the closing place and a dedicated person should be assigned to supervise it.
5. Cables used in construction must be carefully inspected and confirmed to be safe before use; all live equipment must be cut off before moving.
6. The welding machine must use zero connection and leakage protection to ensure the safety of the operator; the welding wires and the wires of the welding clamp should be reliably insulated.
7. Before operation, check whether all tools, welding machines, power switches and circuits are in good condition. The metal shell should be safely and reliably grounded or connected to zero. The incoming and outgoing lines should have complete protective covers. The incoming and outgoing line ends should be The copper joints are soldered firmly.
8. There should be sufficient lighting for nighttime construction. Lamps are not allowed to be hung on erected steel bars or other metal components. Temporary wires should be overhead to ensure compliance with safe electricity requirements.
9. The installation and removal of all power cords in the construction site must be handled by a certified electrician. Electrical appliances must be strictly grounded, connected to zero and use leakage protectors.
3. Disclosure of safe operation of construction machinery.
1. Carry out regular and irregular inspection and maintenance of mechanical equipment and electrical equipment. Replace and repair in time when hidden dangers are discovered, and conduct regular inspections every seven days. Regular maintenance is performed once a month, and inspection and maintenance records are kept.
2. Electric welding machines, butt welding machines, cutting machines, etc. must have rainproof shelters and good grounding devices.
3. The welding machine is not allowed to work in places with high humidity (relative humidity exceeding 90), high temperature (above 40°C), harmful industrial gases, or near flammable and explosive items. Welders must be certified to work.
4. During field operations, the welding machine should be placed in a rain-proof and well-ventilated place. When starting up a new welding machine or a welding machine that has been idle for a long time, the performance of the welding machine should be checked. The initial insulation resistance of the welding machine should not be less than 0.5 megohms.
5. All kinds of machinery must be operated in accordance with operating procedures, and the components or functions of the machine must not be modified at will. Read and obey warning and hazard signs. Do not operate the machine if you are tired or sick. Ensure good visibility when working.
4. Brief explanation of safety technology for foundation pit excavation.
1. When excavating a foundation pit, if it affects nearby buildings (structures) or temporary facilities, safety protection should be taken and displacement observation should be strengthened.
2. Pipes, cables and other buried objects found during excavation should be reported promptly and are not allowed to be handled without authorization.
3. When digging, pay attention to the stability of the soil wall. When cracks or possible collapse are found, personnel should leave immediately and deal with them in a timely manner.
4. When digging soil manually, the distance between the front and rear operators should not be less than 2 to 3m, the pile of soil should be 1m away, and the height should not exceed 1.5m.
5. The stability of the soil walls and supports must be checked every day or after rain, and work must be continued while ensuring safety. Earth and other objects must not be piled on the supports, and walking or walking under the supports must be prohibited. stand.
6. Machinery must not work under the transmission line, but should work on the side of the transmission line. In any case, the closest distance between any part of the machinery and the overhead transmission line should comply with the requirements of safe operating procedures.
7. The machine should be parked on a solid foundation. If the foundation is too poor, reinforcement measures such as walkway slabs should be taken. The excavator tracks should not be parked or driven 2m parallel to the dug foundation pit. Earth-moving vehicles should not drive parallel to the foundation pit to prevent collapse and rollover.
8. Manual excavation should be used within 1m on both sides of the cable.
9. Workers who clear slopes and bottoms with drag shovels are not allowed to work within the radius of rotation of the machine.
10. Unloading soil onto the car should be done after the car has stopped and stabilized. It is prohibited for the bucket to pass over the vehicle cab.
11. A 1.5m-high guardrail must be set up around the foundation pit, and a certain number of temporary up and down construction stairs must be set up.
12. Roads within the venue should be repaired in a timely manner to ensure safe and smooth flow of vehicles, and dedicated personnel should be responsible for commanding and guiding various vehicles.
13. Under the sidewalk at the vehicle entrance, if there are underground pipelines, thick steel plates must be laid or concrete must be poured for reinforcement.
14. When excavating a foundation pit, practical drainage measures must be provided to prevent water accumulation in the foundation pit and affect the soil structure of the foundation pit.
15. Slope and bottom cleaning personnel must carry out bottom cleaning work according to the design elevation, and shall not over-excavate. If the excavation is overexcavated, the loose soil must not be backfilled to avoid affecting the quality of the foundation.
16. The excavated earth must be stacked in strict accordance with the organizational design and shall not be piled outside the foundation pit to avoid overloading on the ground, causing soil displacement or support damage.
5. Safety disclosure during steel bar processing and installation process.
1. Welders must wear protective clothing. Arc welders wear protective masks.
2. The arc spark point of electric welding must be at least 10m away from oxygen bottles, calcium carbide barrels, acetylene bottles, wood, oil and other dangerous items, and at least 20m away from explosive items. . Acetylene bottles and oxygen bottles should be equipped with safety flashback preventers, and the joints of rubber pipes must be fixed with ties. Strictly prevent oxygen bottles from being contaminated with grease, including grease clothes, gloves, etc.
3. Open-air operations must be stopped during thunderstorms to prevent lightning strikes from steel bars from injuring people.
4. Before using the cutting machine, you must check whether the mechanical operation is normal and whether there is secondary leakage protection; flammable items are not allowed to be stacked behind the cutting machine.
5. Cut off short steel bars less than 30cm, clamp them with pliers, do not hold them with your hands, and set up a protective box on the outside to cover or face the uninhabited area.
Rebar cutting, batching, bending and other work should be carried out on the ground, and operations at high altitudes are not allowed.
6. When tying the steel bars of the wall, you are not allowed to stand on the steel hoops or horizontal bars.
7. When working at height, do not pile steel bars on the formwork and scaffolding boards, and do not place tools, steel hoops, and short steel bars randomly on the scaffolding boards to avoid slipping and injuring people.
6. Brief explanation of template installation safety technology.
1. When installing the formwork, the operator should have a reliable foothold and should operate from a safe location. Operators should take the initiative to avoid hanging objects and enhance the safety awareness of self-protection and mutual protection
2. The formwork should be carried out in accordance with the prescribed operating procedures, and the next process should not be carried out before the formwork is fixed.
3. During the mold setting process, if you need to stop midway, the formwork and supports should be fixed. During the interval between formwork disassembly, the moved formwork, supports, etc. should be transported away or properly stacked to prevent them from falling due to stepping on or supporting the air.
4. When the supporting parts of the vertical formwork and brackets are installed on the base soil, pads should be added, and the base soil must be solid and have drainage measures.
5. When supporting formwork with a height of more than 3m, diagonal supports should be installed around it, and an operating platform should be set up. The supports should not be placed on scaffolding.
6. When working at heights, scaffolding or operating platforms must be set up, and ladders must be used for going up and down.
7. When encountering strong winds above level 6, outdoor high-altitude operations should be suspended. The construction site should be cleaned first after rain or snow, and work can be resumed when the ground is slightly dry and not slippery.
7. Safety disclosure of cast-in-place concrete.
1. When pouring components 2m above the ground, an operating platform should be provided, and it is not allowed to operate directly on the formwork or supports.
2. There should be sufficient lighting for night construction, and temporary wires must be elevated above 2.5m.
3. Pumping equipment should be placed at a certain distance from the edge of the foundation pit. There are no obstacles and no high-voltage wires within the working range.
4. Before using the vibrator, you should check: the power supply voltage, a leakage switch must be installed for power transmission; whether the protective power line is in good condition, and the power line must not have joints. When the vibrator is moving, do not pull the wire hard, let alone drag it on steel bars and other sharp objects to prevent cutting and pulling off the wire, causing electric shock and casualties. Wear rubber shoes when using the vibrator, and do not touch the switch with wet hands.
5. In the case of heavy snowstorms, heavy winds, or thunderstorms (winds above Level 6), no high-altitude operations are allowed in the open air.
I believe that after the above introduction, everyone has a certain understanding of the seven types of safety technology commonly used at construction sites. Welcome to log in to Zhongda Consulting for more relevant information.
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