Popular science guidance: Zeng Yaochi, Department of Nutrition, Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Respiratory tract infections are very common and can occur throughout the year, mostly in infants, young children, the elderly and people with low immunity. With the current epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), virus virulence, personal susceptibility and resistance are the keys to the disease. Good personal nutritional status can reduce the risk of disease and improve disease prognosis.
Experts
During the COVID-19 epidemic, in addition to trying to avoid contact with the source of the disease, individuals and families should ensure good nutritional status and enhance resistance.
Recently, the Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Medical Association (CSPEN) has put forward the following 10 dietary and nutritional expert suggestions on preventing and treating the epidemic of new coronavirus pneumonia, and recommends that everyone follow them:
1
Eat high-protein foods every day, including fish, meat, eggs, milk, beans and nuts, and increase the amount on the usual basis; do not eat wild animals;
2
Eat fresh vegetables and fruits every day, and increase the amount on the usual basis;
3
Drink more water in moderation, no less than 1500ml per day;
4
Food types, sources and colors are rich and varied, no less than 20 kinds of food every day; don’t be partial to a partial eclipse, eat both meat and vegetables;
5
Ensure adequate nutrition, and increase the amount on the basis of the usual diet, so as to be full and eat well;
6
Insufficient diet, the elderly and chronic consumptive diseases For patients with underlying diseases, it is recommended to increase commercial enteral nutrition (Special Medical Food), with an additional supplement of no less than 500 calories per day;
7
Do not diet during the COVID-19 epidemic. Do not lose weight;
8
Have a regular schedule and get enough sleep, ensuring no less than 7 hours of sleep every day;
9
Carry out individual physical exercise, with a cumulative time of not less than 1 hour a day, and do not participate in group sports activities;
10
During the epidemic of new coronavirus pneumonia, it is recommended to supplement compound vitamins, minerals and Deep sea fish oil and other health foods.
For "Article 6 dietary deficiencies, the elderly and patients with chronic wasting diseases, it is recommended to add commercial enteral nutrition (special medical food), with an additional supplement of no less than 500 calories per day", please Click on the blue words to view the two tweets "Milk, chicken soup, health products, food homogenate and special medical food competition" and "Promote recovery and improve efficacy, starting with enteral nutrition treatment". If you are unable to eat or how much you eat If there is a significant decrease or if you have doubts, it is recommended to go to the nutrition clinic or nutrition department for consultation.
Regarding "10. During the COVID-19 epidemic, it is recommended to supplement health foods such as complex vitamins, minerals and deep-sea fish oil in an appropriate amount". We will focus on this, because respiratory infections are related to low immune function and related nutrients. Lack and so on are closely related.
Vitamin A
It is an essential trace element for the human body and an anti-infectious vitamin. It can regulate the body's cellular and humoral immune functions, thereby improving the body's resistance and immunity. Purpose, effectively resist external infections. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to reduced levels of IL-1 and IgG, thereby damaging the respiratory barrier and normal flora balance, reducing the ability of the respiratory system to clear bacteria and viruses, and ultimately inducing respiratory infections?
Usually we use serum vitamins A level less than 0.35 μmol/L is defined as clinical vitamin A deficiency; 0.35 to 0.70 μmol/L is subclinical vitamin A deficiency; 0.70 to 1.05 μmol/L is suspected subclinical vitamin A deficiency, that is, borderline vitamin A deficiency.
Consumers are recommended to eat more animal foods rich in vitamin A, especially animal liver, vitamin A-fortified foods, cod liver oil, etc., to avoid vitamin A deficiency.
Vitamin C
Based on comprehensive research results, although its preventive effect on upper respiratory tract infections was not found, vitamin C supplementation (200~1000mg/d) reduced the risk of upper respiratory tract infections. duration and help improve symptoms. Considering the frequency of upper respiratory tract infections, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, and the safety profile of vitamin C, vitamin C supplementation is reasonable, especially in children under 6 years of age and those with a higher frequency of upper respiratory tract infections.
In addition to supplements, it is safer to get adequate amounts of vitamin C through diet. Vegetables with the highest vitamin C content include bell peppers, kale, pea sprouts, rape sprouts, peppers (green and pointed), cauliflower, sweet potato leaves, bitter melon, broccoli, radish leaves, etc.
Fruits with high vitamin C content include: prickly pear, wild jujube, winter jujube, sea buckthorn, Chinese kiwi, red fruit, strawberry, papaya, longan, lychee, etc.
Vitamin D
Specific vitamin D receptors exist in a variety of cells, and 1.25-(OH)2D3 has many effects on the immune system. Including: regulating the differentiation of antigen-presenting cells, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion; inhibiting the production of interleukin IL-12 by macrophages and dendritic cells; down-regulating major histocompatibility antigen (MHC)-class II molecules and Expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as B7; directly inhibits cell proliferation and its ability to secrete IL-2 and interferon (IFN-γ); acts on helper T cells to indirectly inhibit B cell synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins, increasing inhibitory activity cell activity, etc.
A British study showed that there is a negative correlation between circulating 25(OH)D levels and respiratory infection rates. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D can improve resistance and reduce excessive tissue damage during infection.
Zinc
Is the trace element zinc related to human immune function? Once the body’s zinc content is insufficient, it will have a serious impact on the immune system and easily cause respiratory infections?
The content of zinc directly affects the human immune system, and its mechanism is roughly as follows:
(1) It promotes the secretion of Th1 cytokines in the human body, and at the same time promotes the secretion of Th2 cytokines in the human body. Secretion also produces an inhibitory effect to re-establish the balance of Th1/Th2?
(2) Increase IgG levels, stabilize mast cell membranes, reduce airway inflammation, and inhibit asthma?
(3 ) Zinc is a good antioxidant. It can participate in the formation of Cu/Zn-SOD, activate glutathione peroxidase, etc., and reduce airway inflammation?
(4) Zinc can also Participate in maintaining the integrity of human epithelial cells and tissues, play a positive role in the repair of epithelial cells, improve the body's anti-infection level, thereby avoiding respiratory tract infections?
Common zinc-rich foods include oysters, dried razor clams, and scallops , squid, cuttlefish, etc. For people with low immunity whose daily food cannot meet the zinc intake, zinc supplements can be taken as appropriate.
Probiotics have a preventive effect on respiratory tract infections and can reduce the infection time, frequency and antibiotic usage time of respiratory tract infections. As early as 2013, WPIO approved the patent application for Rhamnosus LGG & Bifidobacterium BB-12 produced by Denmark's Chr Hansen A/S for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, confirming its clinical effect (Rhamnosus The ingredients of Bacillus LGG & Bifidobacterium BB-12 can be used to shorten the course of upper respiratory tract infections or reduce the severity of symptoms in adolescents and adults 33), and have been granted a worldwide application patent (Patent No. WO/2013104783 A1).
The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine published a double-blind, randomized, controlled experimental study on probiotics in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. The study showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG is beneficial to preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Pneumonia, reduce the incidence of 22, reduce the use of antibiotics by 3 days.
A study in the Journal of Pediatrics on the prevention of probiotics in 742 children aged 5 to 16 years with non-respiratory/digestive tract infections showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG1×109 cfu/d was given during hospitalization, and Extending to 7 days after discharge, the incidence of respiratory and digestive tract infections in children can be reduced by 12 and 22 respectively.
Samuli Rautava published a randomized, double-blind, controlled study of a specific probiotic strain to reduce the risk of acute infection in young children. LGG BB-12 1×1010 was given from 2 months to 12 months of age. cfu/d, can reduce the probability of recurrent respiratory infections and otitis media in young children.
1
10g wolfberry, 6g chrysanthemum, 2g Kuding tea, instead of tea.
Efficacy: quenches thirst, promotes fluid production, relieves heat and reduces fire.
2
5g of mulberry leaves, 1 mangosteen, 5g of Imperata root, 5g of Isatis root, instead of tea.
Efficacy: clearing away heat and detoxifying, moistening intestines and laxative.
3
5g of astragalus, 5g of dogwood, 1 to 2g of safflower, instead of tea.
Efficacy: Warm the stomach and strengthen the body.
4
5g of dendrobium and 2g of osmanthus can be used as tea.
Effects: Nourishing yin and lungs, nourishing the stomach and promoting body fluids.
5
Appropriate amount of brown sugar, 10g of ginger, 3 peppercorns (pulverized), substitute for tea.
Effects: Resolving phlegm and relieving cough, dispelling wind and cold.
6
Astragalus 10g, Codonopsis pilosula 10g, Silver Flower 10g, substitute for tea.
Efficacy: Enhance immunity, clear away heat and detoxify.
7
Licorice 5g, Uncaria 5g, Astragalus 5g, substitute for tea.
Effects: Promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling, clearing away heat and detoxifying.
8
1 Luo Han Guo, 2 Pang Dahai capsules, 5g Astragalus, instead of tea.
Effects: Clear away heat and sore throat, resolve phlegm and relieve cough.
9
30g each of Imperata cogongrass root and reed root, 15g kudzu root, substitute for tea.
Efficacy: Produces body fluids and quenches thirst, clears away heat and relieves troubles.
10
Add appropriate amounts of Sydney pears and honey. Boil the pears first, then add the honey, instead of tea.
Efficacy: Nourishes yin and lungs, nourishes the stomach and promotes body fluids.
11
Frontline medical staff: 5g honeysuckle, 5g chrysanthemum, 5g Shegan, 3g licorice, 1/3 Luo Han Guo, boil water instead of tea.
Effects: Clearing away heat and cooling blood, promoting fluid production and relieving cough, eliminating phlegm and soothing throat.
Warm reminder: The above dietary prescriptions cannot be used as treatments for COVID-19, but can only be used as auxiliary applications to relieve symptoms and promote recovery. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment also requires syndrome differentiation and treatment. For details, see "The Municipal Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Launches the 2020 Edition of "Fanggan Tang" Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Prescription".
(Click on the blue text to view the content)
Carrot and Corn Pork Ribs Soup 1 (strengthens the spleen and stomach, strengthens the body)
Enoki Mushroom Lean Meat Soup 2 (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and strengthens the body )
Asparagus broth 3 (nourishes yin, moisturizes dryness, resolves phlegm and relieves cough)
Cordyceps flower chicken soup 4 (relieves cough, resolves phlegm, improves immunity)
Codonopsis and shiitake mushrooms Chicken soup 5 (nourishes blood, promotes body fluids, strengthens the spleen and lungs)
6
Chicken soup with yam and Codonopsis pilosula (raw materials: 15g yam, 6 red dates, 10g Codonopsis pilosula, 250g chicken. Efficacy: Supplementing Qi Replenish qi, improve immunity)
7
Shenqi Rehmannia Decoction (raw materials: 10g Adenophora adenophora, 20g Astragalus, 15g Rehmannia glutinosa, 250g pork ribs. Efficacy: Replenishing the stomach, promoting fluid production, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough )
8
Rehmannia glutinosa and Codonopsis Codonopsis Soup (raw materials: 10g of Rehmannia glutinosa, 10g of Polygonatum, 10g of Codonopsis pilosula, 250g of lean meat. Efficacy: nourishing qi and blood, strengthening the spleen and moistening the lungs)
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9
Codonopsis pilosula and lily pork ribs soup (raw materials: 15g Codonopsis pilosula, 20g lily, 250g pork ribs. Efficacy: nourishing qi and strengthening the spleen, nourishing yin and moistening the lungs)
10
Pueraria lobata and Astragalus lean meat soup (raw materials: 20g each of Pueraria lobata and Astragalus membranaceus, 250g lean meat. Efficacy: Promoting body fluids and quenching thirst, replenishing Qi and promoting blood circulation)
The above soups can be used according to personal preference. Pork ribs, chicken, and lean meat are all acceptable, and the principle is to use local materials.
Smoking increases the nicotine content in the human blood, which can easily cause vasospasm and temporary hypoxia of local organs, especially the reduction of oxygen content in the respiratory tract and internal organs, which can easily lead to the weakening of the body's disease resistance. Alcohol also in this way. In response to the epidemic, we advocate quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption. How to save immunity, click on the blue text to see more.
Nutrition outpatient clinic visiting hours:
Clinics are available from Monday to Sunday (for details, please refer to the service number of Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine or the 160 appointment registration platform)
Address:
Northeast side of the first floor of the inpatient department of Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Fuhua Road, Shenzhen
Nutrition Department Office Tel:
0755-23987176 Extension: 2340
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Nutrition Clinic Telephone:
0755-88607543, ext.: 2429
Nutrition Department of Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
The mid- to long-term positioning of the Nutrition Department is : A comprehensive medical technology department based on clinical services, focusing on teaching and training, and supplemented by scientific research. The Department of Nutrition regularly holds on-site and online lectures, and implements live broadcasts on public accounts. Join the China Medical Self-Media Alliance. Participate in multiple clinical MDT teams and discuss difficult cases. Since 2009, he has published 4 papers in SCI journals and 18 papers in CSCD core journals. He has presided over 1 project of the Provincial Department of Science and Technology, 2 projects of the Provincial Department of Health, and 2 projects of the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission. He participated in the compilation of "Food Nutrition and Food Safety". Textbooks such as "Overweight and Obesity Treatment".
Outpatient services:
Non-drug intervention weight management (applicable population: simple obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia caused by obesity, Patients with hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea syndrome, high uric acid, fatty liver, polycystic ovary syndrome, postpartum obesity and other people who need to lose fat, gain muscle and shape their body).
Perioperative nutritional therapy for various surgical diseases
Nutritional intervention for high homocysteine
Nutritional intervention for hyperuricemia
Nutritional intervention for osteoporosis
Nutritional intervention for sleep disorders
Nutritional intervention for food allergies and food intolerance
Nutritional intervention for adolescents and children
Nutritional intervention clinic in the perinatal period (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, formulation of confinement meal recipes for nine types of constitutions, breastfeeding in the puerperium, stimulation of lactation, restoration of lactation, etc.).
Home nutritional intervention for various chronic diseases (chronic kidney disease, diabetes, tumors, cerebral infarction, hepatobiliary diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.).
Inpatient services:
Conduct nutritional risk screening, nutritional evaluation, nutritional treatment, and nutrition education for inpatients; carry out "clinical nutrition quality services" to provide inpatients with dietary therapy, intestinal Integrated nutrition therapy of internal nutrition and parenteral nutrition. Carry out nutritional management for perioperative accelerated recovery surgery patients.
Expert introduction
Zeng Yaochi
Deputy chief physician of the Department of Nutrition
Clinic hours:
Every Monday, Friday 14:30-17:30
Every Wednesday and Saturday 8:00-12:00
Kuang Manhua
Nutritionist
Clinic hours:
Every Sunday morning 8:00-12:00
Li Cuiyu
Nutritionist
Clinic hours:
Every Thursday 8:00-12:00 am
References:
l Chinese Medical Association Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Branch (CSPEN) "Expert Recommendations on Dietary Nutrition to Prevent and Treat Novel Coronavirus Infection", 2020, 1.
l Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention Manual. Hubei Science and Technology Press, 2020, 1.Vitamin A deficiency among under-five Nigerian children with diarrhoea. Afr Health Sci, 2018, 18(3): 737-742.
l β-apo-10-carotenoids support normal embryonic development during vitamin A deficiency. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 8834.
l Is there an optimal vitamin D status for immunity in athletes and military personnel? Exerc Immunol Rev. 2016, 22: 42–64.
l Vitamin D status has a linear association with seasonal infections and lung function in British adults. Br J Nutr. 2011, 106: 1433-1440.
l Efficacy of vitamin C for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. A meta-analysis in children. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2019, 75(3): 303-311.
l Lactobacillus rhamnosus and bifidobacterium animalis subsp. vention or treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. Patent number: WO/2013104783 A1.
l The clinical and economic impact of probiotics consumption on respiratory tract infections: Projections for Canada.PLoS One, 2016, 11 (11): e0166232.
l Prebiotic p
rophylaxis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010, 182: 1058-1064.
l Lactobacillus GG in prevention of Nosocomial Gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections. Pediatrics, 2010 , 125: e1171-e1177.
l Specific probiotics in reducing the risk of acute infections in infancy--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. British Journal of Nutrition.2009, 101: 1722 –1726.
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