What is marine aquaculture?

mariculture is a new industry in marine fishery, and the development of this industry depends on the progress of mariculture technology. There is no clear definition of aquaculture and aquaculture technology at home and abroad, but generally speaking, it includes aquaculture and breeding resources. Breeding refers to the production activities carried out completely under the management of people from seedling raising, cultivation to harvest; Proliferation refers to the activity of increasing resources through artificial measures, such as releasing seedlings, establishing artificial reefs and transforming the fishery environment. Seawater proliferation and aquaculture technologies include seedling raising, bait, disease control, transformation of fishery environment, and other aquaculture engineering technologies. The technology of seawater aquaculture in China is developing continuously, and some fields are also advanced. For example, the success of kelp seedling raising and artificial breeding technology in the 195s made the kelp breeding industry develop rapidly from north to south, and the output per unit area increased continuously, and the theoretical and technical level of kelp breeding was in the leading position in the world. In 196s, the technique of raising laver seedlings made a breakthrough. In the 197s, mussel breeding technology made a breakthrough, forming a large-scale aquaculture industry. In the 198s, shrimp factory breeding and culture technology was successful, and shrimp culture fever rose in the coastal areas of China. After the success of artificial breeding and breeding technology of scallop and abalone, scallop fever and abalone fever have arisen in Liaoning, Shandong and other provinces. At present, there is a new upsurge in cage culture of fish in Guangdong and Fujian. However, its technology and methods lag behind those of Japan, the United States, the Soviet Union and other countries in the breeding and improvement of aquaculture varieties, the massive breeding and breeding of fish fry, the development of compound bait and the processing of shellfish and algae products, thus becoming a restrictive factor for the development of marine aquaculture in China.

mariculture can be divided into algae, shellfish, crustaceans, fish and mariculture. Among them, algae and shellfish culture has a long history, and there are many mature technologies, and shrimp and crab culture technologies in crustaceans have also developed rapidly. The progress of fish aquaculture technology is relatively slow, and only a few species have achieved large-scale aquaculture at present. The development of seawater aquaculture technology in China can be considered in three levels:

(1) Popularize mature and applicable technologies in various forms, improve the people's aquaculture technology level, expand the high-yield area, and improve the quality and yield of cultured varieties. These include: ① popularizing the scientific research achievements made by scientific research units in China; (2) introduce foreign excellent breeding varieties and advanced breeding technology; (3) Popularize the experience of large-scale high-yield breeding emerging among the masses.

(2) Organize scientific and technological forces to tackle key problems, break through the seedling stage of some rare treasures, seashells and economic fish, solve the problem of overwintering of prawn parents, solve the problems of serialization of compound feed, especially the formulation and processing technology of micro-particle feed, and study the basic biological feed and the prevention and control of fish and shrimp diseases. This is a scientific and technical problem that has been encountered in the practice of mariculture in China. If these problems are effectively solved, China's mariculture industry can climb to a new level. This is also the main battlefield of mariculture technology in China.

(3) developing new fields of great significance. Judging from the development trend of mariculture technology at home and abroad, some areas being studied and tested are of great significance, and China should organize forces to follow them appropriately. For example: ① Using bioengineering to improve and select varieties with fast growth, strong disease resistance and high feed conversion rate, which can be intensively cultivated, it is possible to make marine aquaculture develop by leaps and bounds. At present, Japan has cultivated rainbow trout varieties that spawn twice a year and excellent varieties such as laver and sea urchin by bioengineering. Chinese researchers are using bioengineering to study the all-female culture of some varieties, and hope to improve the quality and yield. ② Microalgae culture has the possibility of a major breakthrough. Scientists in West Germany have cultivated an algae with a growth period of only two days, and its protein content is as high as 55%. This algae growing on one hectare of water can produce 2 tons of crude protein, which is equal to the crude protein of soybeans produced on 4 hectares of land. The Soviet Union, the United States, Japan and other countries also attach great importance to seaweed culture. (3) There are also considerable prospects for the breeding of marine abundance insects. The harvest worm can be used as bait for aquaculture organisms, and can also produce high-protein food and extract drugs. It is predicted that the intensive breeding technology of marine Artemia will be mature in the 199s. At that time, the breeding cycle of Artemia will be two weeks, and the biomass of a cubic meter of pond will reach 25 kg.

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