Nowadays, the telephone has entered thousands of households. Do you know who invented the telephone?
Bell is the man who invented the telephone. He was born in England on 1847. When he was young, he and his father taught the deaf together. He once wanted to make a machine to let deaf people see sound with their eyes.
1873, Bell, who became a professor at Boston University in the United States, began to study the device of transmitting multiple telegrams on the same line-multiplex telegrams, and he sprouted the idea of using electricity to transmit people's voices to far places and let people thousands of miles away talk face to face. So bell began to study the telephone.
That was June 2nd, 1875. Bell and his assistant Watson are experimenting with multiple telegrams in two rooms respectively. An accidental accident inspired Bell. In Watson's room, there is a spring stuck to the magnet of the telegraph. When Watson pulled it away, it shook. At the same time, Bell was surprised to find that the spring on the telegraph in his room vibrated and made a sound. It is the current that transmits vibration from one room to another. Bell's mind suddenly broadened. He thought: If a person speaks to a piece of iron, the sound will cause the iron to vibrate; If an electromagnet is placed behind the iron sheet, the vibration of the iron sheet will inevitably produce large and small currents in the electromagnet coil. This fluctuating current travels far away along the wire, so won't the same vibration and sound appear on similar equipment in the distance? In this way, the sound travels far away along the wire. Isn't this the dream phone!
Bell and Watson made the telephone according to this new idea. In an experiment, a drop of sulfuric acid splashed on Bell's leg, causing him to shout, "Mr. Watson, I need you, please come to me!" " "This sentence is the phone through the wire to Watson's ear, the phone succeeded! 1On March 7th, 876, Bell became the patentee of telephone invention.
Bell obtained 18 patents in his life and 12 patents in cooperation with others. He envisions burying telephone lines in the ground or hanging them in the air, and connecting them to houses, villages and factories ... so that you can make phone calls directly from anywhere. Today, Bell's vision has become a reality.
Beethoven who didn't give in to ear disease.
Beethoven is a famous great musician. 65438-0770 was born in a musical family in Germany. He studied music with his father since childhood, held a solo concert at the age of 8, and engaged in teaching, performing and music creation in Vienna since the age of 22.
Beethoven has a very outstanding talent for music. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he came to Mozart for advice. Mozart asked him to play a piano piece. Beethoven devoted himself to playing a very difficult piece, hoping to get Mozart's appreciation. But Mozart didn't say anything, and further investigation was needed.
Mozart picked up a piece of paper, wrote a topic and handed it to Beethoven. He wants Beethoven to compose a piano piece based on this theme. Beethoven pondered for a while, and then began to play. The sound of the piano was like a spring, and the wonderful melody echoed in the air, which made Mozart applaud.
Beethoven lived up to Mozart's expectations and devoted himself to studying hard and practicing hard. Once, he went to a restaurant to eat, and just sat down and knocked on the table with his fingers like playing the piano. Everyone in the shop was surprised and gathered around to see. It was a long time before Beethoven realized that people were watching him, but he still didn't understand what was going on. He just said, "Let's settle the bill. How much should I pay? " Everyone around laughed, because he didn't eat at all, so he just knocked on himself.
After serious and solid study and hard practice, Beethoven gradually grew into an excellent musician and created hundreds of music works. However, since 18 16, Beethoven's health has been getting worse and worse. Later, his ear disease recurred and he was completely deaf soon. As a musician, losing hearing means leaving one's favorite music art, which is even more painful than being sentenced to death. But Beethoven was not intimidated. He said, "I will hold my destiny by the throat, and it will never make me yield."
Beethoven began his struggle with fate again. Besides composing music, he also wants to be a conductor. As a result, there was a lot of confusion in the first rehearsal. His performance was much slower than that of the singer on the stage, which made the band very confused and confused. When someone wrote him a note "Stop directing", Beethoven turned pale and hurried home. He was too sad to say a word.
In great pain, Beethoven did not become depressed. He overcame the difficulties caused by deafness with great perseverance. When he can't hear, he takes a stick, bites it in his mouth and puts it in the piano box to feel the sound in this way. In this way, he not only created more musical works than in the past, but also took the stage as a conductor. /kloc-one day in 0/824, Beethoven conducted his ninth symphony again and won unanimous applause from the audience. There were five warm applause, but he didn't hear it at all. It was not until a female singer pulled him to the front desk that he saw the audience stand up, some waving their hats and some applauding warmly. This frenzied scene excited Beethoven.
1827 On March 26th, Beethoven died in Vienna. He wrote nine symphonies in his life, the most famous of which are the Hero Symphony, the Destiny Symphony, the Pastoral Symphony and the Chorus Symphony. In addition, there are 32 piano sonatas and a large number of piano concertos and violin concertos. He made great contributions to the prosperity and development of music all his life.
Da Vinci studied painting.
When Leonardo da Vinci was fourteen, he went to Florence to learn from the famous artist Froggio. Frege is a very strict teacher. The first lesson he gave Leonardo da Vinci was to draw eggs. At first, Leonardo was very interested in painting, but in the second and third classes, the teacher still asked him to draw eggs, which puzzled Leonardo. What's the little egg to draw? Once, Leonardo da Vinci asked his teacher, "Why do you always let me draw eggs?" ? The teacher told him: "Although an egg is common, there is nothing absolutely the same in the world. Even the same egg, with different angles and different light, is drawn differently. So drawing an egg is a basic skill. The basic skills should be practiced until the brush can skillfully obey the command of the brain, so as to be considered as a kung fu master. 」
Da Vinci was inspired by the teacher's words. He holds an egg every day and meticulously follows the picture. One year, two years, three years ... the toilet paper used by Leonardo da Vinci to draw eggs has been piled high. His artistic level soon surpassed that of his teacher, and he finally became a great artist.
While studying painting, Leonardo da Vinci sketched with his teacher, Lake Ansimoni, and drew an oil painting called "The Baptism of Christ" for a church. When I arrived at Shimoni Lake, my teacher suddenly fell ill. I had no choice but to let Da Vinci finish the rest of the oil painting. After the oil painting was finished, people in the church saw the painting and couldn't help admiring it: "Great! This painting is really good, especially this part. People in the church pointed to the lower left corner of the painting, which was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
Two or three things about Hemingway's works
Hemingway stood at 6: 30 every morning, absorbed in writing until noon 12: 30. Usually, a writing time does not exceed 6 hours, and occasionally it will be extended by two hours. He likes to write with a pencil, which is easy to modify. Some people say that he used 20 pencils a day when he wrote. He said he didn't have that much, and he only used seven pencils a day when he wrote best.
Learn from painters and composers. Hemingway should read Shakespeare's plays and other famous writers' masterpieces every year while burying his head in writing. In addition, the works of Austrian composer Mozart, Spanish oil painter Goya and French modernist painter Xie Zanle have all been carefully studied. He said that he learned as much from the painter as from the writer. He pays special attention to the harmony of timbre and melody in his music works. No wonder his novels are mixed in scenes, with proper shades, concise language, freshness and originality.
Hemingway changed his writing attitude at the last minute before publication and attached great importance to the revision of his works. When he starts writing every day, he first reads what he wrote the day before and changes it wherever he writes. After writing, change it from beginning to end; Please type out the draft and revise it again; Finally, prove it and change it. He believes that these three major revisions are the necessary conditions for writing a good book. The first draft of his novel A Farewell to Arms took six months to write and another five months to revise. After the proof came out, it was still being revised, and the last page was changed 39 times before it was satisfactory. It took 17 months to write for whom the bell tolls, and the manuscript was revised every day after it was issued. After it was proved, he revised it for 96 hours without leaving home. He advocated "nonsense" and deleted all flashy words.
"Galileo"
/kloc-At the age of 0/7, Galileo was admitted to the University of Pisa as a medical major. He likes asking questions and won't stop until he gets to the bottom of it.
Once in class, Professor Biro gave a lecture on embryology. He said: "Whether a mother gives birth to a boy or a girl is determined by her father's strength. When the father is strong, the mother gives birth to a boy; If the father is weak, the mother will have a daughter. "
As soon as Professor Biro's voice dropped, Galileo raised his hand and said, "Teacher, I have a question."
Professor Biro said unhappily, "You ask too many questions! You are a student. Listen carefully to the teacher in class, take more notes, don't think about it, it's easy to ask questions, which will affect students' study! " "This is not thinking, and it is not easy to ask questions. My neighbor, the man is very strong, but his wife has given birth to five daughters in a row. This is just the opposite of what the teacher said. How do you explain this? "Galileo was not intimidated by Professor Biro and continued to ask questions.
"I said it according to Aristotle, a famous ancient Greek scholar, and it can't be wrong!" Professor Biro moved out the theoretical basis and tried to convince him.
Galileo went on to say, "Is it necessary for Aristotle to insist that what he said is true? Science must conform to the facts, otherwise it is not real science. " Professor Biro was stumped and got off the stage.
Later Galileo was criticized by the school, but his spirit of persistence, curiosity and pursuit of truth has not changed at all. Because of this, he finally became a generation of science masters.
[Celebrity Comment]
Truth has such power. The more you want to attack it, the richer your attack will be and prove it. Galileo
Roosevelt's Last Day
Time: 1945 April 12 am 1 1 am
Venue: President Roosevelt is resting in a six-room house called Little White House in Hot Springs, Georgia, USA, 3 kilometers from the Hot Springs Foundation. Because of the bad weather, the messenger in Washington was grounded, and the morning mail didn't arrive until noon. Roosevelt had nothing to do but lie in bed and read the constitution of Atlanta.
He told Mike Du Fei, the old black maid, "I don't feel well this morning." With that, he put the Constitution newspaper on the paperback detective novel Murder of Puppet, which he opened to read.
An hour later, he and three ladies were sitting in a leather armchair. Two are his cousins Shackley and Miss Delano, and the other is his old friend Mrs. Rutherfurd. Roosevelt wore a dark gray suit with a vest and a red slipknot tie. He doesn't like wearing a vest, but he likes a bow tie, but he has to make do in order to have his portrait painted. His secretary Hassett brought some special letters, which Roosevelt signed one by one. He found a letter written by a person in the State Council very interesting and told Hassett, "A typical letter from the State Council cannot be expressed in words."
A tall and dignified woman set up an easel at the window. She is Ms Xiao Matof, who once painted a watercolor painting for the President. At this moment, she was drawing another picture, which Roosevelt intended to give to Mrs. Rutherford's daughter.
She put a navy cloak on President Roosevelt and began to draw. In the afternoon 1, Roosevelt said, "We still have 15 minutes."
Miss Shackley is knitting a sweater and Miss Delano is arranging flowers. Roosevelt lit a cigarette, suddenly his left hand pressed against his temple, and then his hand hung heavily.
"Did you drop something?" Miss Shackerley asked.
Roosevelt closed his eyes and his voice was so low that only Miss Shackley heard him. He said, "I have a terrible headache." Then the servant fell down and lost consciousness. It was 15 in the afternoon 1. He said 15 minutes.
Soon, Lieutenant Colonel Bruen, a naval doctor who had treated Roosevelt, arrived and ordered Roosevelt to be carried into the bedroom.
His breathing is heavy, his pulse is 104 per minute, and his blood pressure exceeds the highest mark on the instrument. Bruen knew it was a cerebral hemorrhage.
At 2: 05 pm, Bruen called MacIntyre, the president's personal doctor, and told him that Roosevelt seemed to have had a stroke and had been in a coma. McIntyre called Atlanta to call Dr. Pauline, the former president of the American Medical Association, and asked him to go to the hot spring immediately.
Dr Pauline ran to the White House along his familiar route and arrived at 3: 29 pm.
I saw the president "cold sweat, pale face, breathing difficulties", and his pulse was extremely weak. At 3: 32 pm, his heartbeat completely disappeared. Pauline injected a dose of adrenaline into the heart, and the president's heart jumped two or three times, and then stopped beating. 3: 35 pm Central Standard Time.
At 4: 35 pm, Mrs. Roosevelt was still listening to Tana, a female pianist, at the Shagrave Club.
At 4: 50 pm, someone came to her ear and said there was a phone call for her. It's early, the president's press secretary. He said excitedly, "Please go home at once."
Mrs. Roosevelt didn't ask why, knowing in her heart that "something terrible must have happened", but she felt that she had to abide by social etiquette, so she returned to the dinner table. After Tanner finished playing, Mrs. Roosevelt applauded and announced that she had to leave because of something important at home. She drove back to the White House, clenching her fists all the way.
When she entered the room, Dr. Early and Dr. McIntyre told her that the president had died in a coma. Without thinking, she immediately asked Vice President Truman to come to the White House and arranged to fly to Hot Springs that night.
Truman arrived at the White House at about 5: 25 and was immediately taken to Mrs. Roosevelt's study on the second floor. He later wrote that he didn't realize "something unusual happened" until he met the president's daughters, Mrs Anna Boettiger and Early.
Mrs. Roosevelt came over calmly and majestically, put her arm on his shoulder and whispered, "Harry, the president has passed away."
Truman was speechless for a moment and then asked, "What can I do for you?" Mrs. Roosevelt asked, "What can we do for you? Because you are in trouble. " She told Truman that she felt sorry for him and the American people.
Then Mrs. Roosevelt sent a telegram to her son: Father is at peace. He hopes that you will continue to work hard and abide by your duties.
Truman walked into the president's office at the west end of the White House, called his wife and daughter to the White House, and called Chief Justice Si Tong to ask him to be sworn in immediately.
A few minutes after 6 o'clock, Truman presided over the cabinet meeting and told everyone that he would inform everyone that the president had passed away and felt very sad. He said, "Mrs. Roosevelt told me," and said, "He died like a soldier. I must try my best to do what I think he wants me and everyone to follow. I hope you will all stay in the cabinet and continue to hold your current positions. I need your help. I believe this must be in line with the wishes of the president. "
When the American people heard the news that afternoon, they were shocked and couldn't believe it at once. The playwright Sherwood, an adviser to the President, listened to the news of Roosevelt's death and stayed by the radio all day "waiting for President Roosevelt to announce that all this was a big misunderstanding, the banking crisis and the war were over, and everything was' very good, first-class, couldn't be better'." "Mrs. Roosevelt took her husband's coffin to Washington by train. It was "a long and heartbreaking day". She lay in the sleeping car all night, looking out the window at the countryside. "Look at the faces of people who have stood at the railway station or even at the crossroads all night. They came to pay their last respects. "
As Judge and Mrs. rosenman walked through the lobby of the White House, his wife whispered, "An era in our lives is over." He remembered Roosevelt's speech on Jefferson Memorial Day the day before, especially the last sentence, which was written by Roosevelt himself: "Let's move forward with strong and positive confidence."
A few minutes to 4 o'clock, the Truman couple and their daughter entered the East Room of the White House to attend the funeral. The coffin was placed in front of the French window, with flowers on both sides. When Truman went in, none of the more than 200 people who attended the funeral stood up. Sherwood was there, and he thought that "the humble Truman didn't notice this impolite behavior at all. Even if he did, he knew that the people present at that time could not connect him with his new position." At that time, everyone thought that the president had died. "Roosevelt's body was buried in Hyde Park. According to Roosevelt's wishes, the United States established the Roosevelt Library to keep Roosevelt's public and private documents for future generations to study. The famous American journalist Johnson wrote in Roosevelt's biography: "He overthrew more precedents and smashed more ancient buildings than anyone else. He changed the whole face of America more quickly and violently than anyone else. However, he deeply believes that American architecture is quite beautiful as a whole. "