As early as in ancient Egypt, people have invented a knife that can make wood rotate around its central axis.
Have the skill of turning.
At first, people used two stumps as supports to stand up the wood to be turned over, making use of the elasticity of the branches.
Force the rope to roll on the wood,
Pull the rope to turn the wood, and use tools to turn it.
This ancient method gradually evolved into two or three turns of rope on the pulley.
The rope is supported on an elastic rod bent into an arch, and the bow is pushed back and forth to rotate the processed object.
Turning, this is the "bow lathe".
In the Middle Ages, someone designed a pedal to turn the crankshaft and drive the flywheel, and then drive it forward.
A "bicycle bed" with a rotating spindle.
/kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, a French designer named Besson designed a tool with a screw.
Lathe for sliding turning screws
Unfortunately, this kind of lathe is not popular.
In the18th century, someone designed a crankshaft that could be rotated by pedals and connecting rods.
The rotational kinetic energy is stored in the lathe on the flywheel,
Moreover, the workpiece rotates directly to the rotating headstock, which is used to clamp the workpiece.
Chuck.
In the story of inventing the lathe, the most striking thing is an Englishman named Modsley.
He invented the epoch-making tool rest lathe in 1797.
This lathe has an accurate lead screw and interchangeable gears.
Mosley was born in 177 1. 18 years old, is the right-hand man of the inventor Brammer. according to
Brammer used to do farm work,
/kloc-when he was 0/6 years old, he had to switch to a job with limited mobility because of the disability of his right ankle.
Woodworking.
His first invention was the toilet of 1778, and Maudslay began to help Brammer.
Design hydraulic presses and other machinery,
He didn't leave Brammer until he was 26, because Brammer rudely rejected Moritz's proposal.
A request to increase the capital to more than 30 shillings a week.
In the year when Maudslay left Brammer, he made the first thread lathe. This is one.
An all-metal lathe,
Tool rest and tailstock that can move along two parallel guide rails. The guide surface of the guide rail is triangular.
When the spindle rotates, it drives the lead screw to make the cutter rotate.
The frame moves laterally. This is the main mechanism of modern lathe, which can be used for turning.
Precision metal screws with arbitrary pitch.
Three years later, Maudslay built a more perfect lathe in his workshop.
Gears can be replaced with each other.
Soon, a larger lathe came out, which made a sweat for the invention of steam engines and other machinery.
Thanks to the horse.
/kloc-in the 0/9th century, lathes were continuously improved due to the invention of high-speed tool steel and the application of electric motors.
It has reached the level of modern high speed and precision.
Planer and milling machine
In the process of invention, many things are often complementary and interlocking: in order to make steam.
Turbine needs the help of boring machine; After the invention of the steam engine, dragons began to be called from the technical requirements.
Gantry planer
It can be said that it was the invention of the steam engine that led to the development of "working machine" from boring machine and lathe to dragon.
Design and development of gantry planer. In fact, the planer is a kind of "planer" for planing metal.
Due to the need of plane machining of steam engine valve seat, many technicians have been working since the beginning of 19 century.
Started research in this field, including Richard Robert, Richard Pratt and Zhan Mu.
Fox and Joseph Clement, they started with 18 14.
Within 25 years, the planer was independently manufactured. This kind of planer is a kind of planer.
The workpiece is fixed on the reciprocating platform, and the planer cuts one side of the workpiece. However, this kind of plane
The lathe bed has no feed device and is in the process of transforming from "tool" to "machine"
In the process. 1839, an Englishman named Bodmer finally designed a pattern.
Tap planer for feed device.
Another Englishman, nasmyth, invented and manufactured a machine for processing small planes from 183 1 in 40 years.
Shaper can fix the processed object on the bed and move the cutter back and forth.
Since then, the planer has been cutting at high speed due to the improvement of tools and the appearance of motors.
Cutting, high precision in the opposite direction, large-scale direction.
/kloc-in the 9th century, the British invented boring machines and planers to meet the needs of industrial revolutions such as steam engines.
In order to mass-produce weapons, Americans devoted themselves to the invention of milling machines. Milling machine is a kind of
Machines with milling cutters of different shapes can cut special shapes.
Workpieces, such as spiral grooves, gear shapes, etc.
As early as 1664, someone made a machine for cutting by rotating a circular cutter.
This is the original milling machine. Of course, truly establish the position of milling machine in mechanical manufacturing.
Yes, it's Whitney from America.
18 18, Whitney made the world's first ordinary milling machine, but the patent of milling machine is
It was Bodmer of Britain who beat us to it in 1839.
1862, Brown of the United States made the world's earliest universal milling machine, which is being prepared.
Universal indexing disc and comprehensive milling cutter are epoch-making innovations. The worktable of universal milling machine can
Rotate a certain angle in the horizontal direction, with accessories such as vertical milling head.
. At the same time, Brown also designed a form milling cutter that will not deform after grinding, and then also
A grinder for grinding milling cutter was made, which made the milling machine reach the present level.
grinding machine
Grinding is an ancient technology that human beings have known since ancient times. In the Paleolithic Age, stone tools were ground.
This is the technology used. Later, with the use of metal appliances, grinding technology was popularized.
Development. However, it is still very modern to design a veritable grinder.
Things, even in the early19th century, people still touch it by rotating the natural millstone.
Grinding the processed object.
1864, the United States made the world's first grinder and installed it on the carriage of lathe.
A device for loading a grinding wheel and automatically changing its speed. 12 years later, the United States
Brown invented the universal grinder close to the modern grinder.