With the continuous development of urban construction, high-rise buildings have mushroomed. In recent years, fires in high-rise buildings have occurred frequently. Although the fire department often conducts actual combat drills for high-rise building fires, it still takes some time for firefighters and rescuers to reach the fire site when a fire really occurs ... So everyone should master the knowledge of emergency escape in case of high-rise building fires, so as to be prepared.
General principles of fire escape
First of all, we should observe the fire and environment calmly, quickly analyze and judge the fire trend and the possibility of disaster development, and make rational and decisive decisions. Never stay on the property in the fire for a long time, seize the favorable opportunity, choose reasonable escape routes and methods, and race against time to escape from the very dangerous fire scene.
In a fire, trapped people should have good psychological quality, keep calm, don't panic, don't act blindly, and choose the correct escape method. It must be noted that the temperature at the scene of the fire is amazing, and the smoke will block your view. When you are at the scene of a fire, the visibility is very low. Even in the room where you live for a long time, you can't figure out the location of the windows and doors. In this case, we should keep calm, don't panic, make use of all available favorable conditions and choose the correct fire escape method.
Touch the door lock with your hand before opening the door. If the temperature of the door lock is very high, or there is smoke coming through the door, it means that fire or smoke has blocked the exit of the door. Don't open the door rashly at this time. If the temperature of the door lock is normal or there is no smoke coming out of the door, it means that the fire is still some distance away from you. At this time, you can open a door and observe the situation of the outside passage. When opening the door, put one foot against the lower frame of the door to prevent the heat wave from rushing the door open and encouraging the fire to spread. If you are sure that the fire does not pose a threat to yourself, you should leave the room and escape from the fire as soon as possible.
The cry for help from the higher floors is inaudible to people on the ground, because the fire is very strong. In this case, you should use mobile phones, telephones and other communication tools to call for help; You can also send distress signals from balconies or windows facing the street, such as throwing sofa cushions, pillows and clothes downstairs. At night, you can send distress signals by turning on flashlights and emergency lights to help rescuers find accurate targets.
If clothes catch fire when passing through a fire area, you can roll on the spot to put out the fire. It is not advisable to run with the fire, so as not to speed up the relative flow of air and increase the fire of clothes burning. If the fire is located on the upper floor of your location, you should flee downstairs at this time until you reach a safe place; If the fire point is located on the lower floor where you are, and the fire and smoke have blocked the downward escape passage, you should escape upstairs as soon as possible, and the roof platform is a safer place; When you find yourself being chased by fire and smoke and blocking the upward road, you should resolutely choose the horizontal escape route, escape from the corridor on another floor, or retreat to the room that is conducive to escape on this floor, and seek other self-help escape methods.
Remember never to get under the bed, in the closet or in the attic to avoid the flame or smoke in the fire of high-rise buildings. Because these places are the most dangerous places in the fire scene, they are not easy to be found by firefighters, and it is difficult to get timely rescue.
First, use the corridor to escape. At the beginning of the fire, when the corridor and corridor are not completely sealed by fire, wrap the quilt, blanket or mattress with water, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, and rush out of the trapped area with low body.
Second, use the window to escape. When trapped in a fire, most people can use this method. The prerequisite for using the window to escape is that the fire is not serious and has not spread to the whole apartment. At the same time, the trapped person should be familiar with the room. The specific method is: tie one end of the rope (without rope, it can be replaced by a sheet or a torn curtain) to the window transverse frame (or other indoor fixed components), and tie the other end to the armpit and abdomen of children or the elderly, put it on the ground or under the window along the window, and then break the window and enter the room to evacuate from the passage. Others can follow suit.
Third, use professional equipment such as descent control device, life-saving bag and safety rope set on balcony, outer corridor and refuge floor to escape. In a fire, when the corridor is full of smoke, you can use the balcony to escape. Close the doors and windows connected to the balcony, take refuge in the balcony and wait for the arrival of firefighters. In some high-rise residential buildings, the balconies of adjacent units on each floor are connected with each other from the seventh floor. If you are trapped on such a floor, you can break the partition between balconies, enter another unit from the balcony, and then enter the evacuation passage to escape.
Fourth, use space to escape. This method can be used when the indoor space is large and the fire is not serious. The specific method is: clean up the combustible materials in the room (both the bathroom and the kitchen can be used, and it is best to have water in the room), and at the same time clean up the combustible materials in the room connected with it, so as to eliminate the threat of open flames to doors and windows. Then, close the doors and windows communicating with the burning area, cover them with wet quilts and blankets to prevent smoke and toxic gases from entering, and wait for the fire to go out or the rescue of firefighters.
5. Use pipes to escape. When there is a water pipe or water supply pipe on the wall outside the room, people who have the ability can use the pipe to escape. This method is generally not suitable for women, the elderly and children.
Sixth, we should make full use of all kinds of articles around us that are conducive to escape, such as sheets, curtains, carpets, etc. Turn into a strong rope, slide the rope to save yourself, and go down to a safe lower level. If you have to, you can also use the metal rainwater pipe on the facade of the external wall to meet certain load-bearing requirements to escape.
Five misunderstandings to avoid should be known.
Escape in the same way: in case of fire, people are always used to escape along the entrance and corridor. When they find that the road is blocked, they will look for other entrances and exits. As everyone knows, the best chance of escape may have been lost at this time.
Towards the light: In an emergency, people always run towards the light. But at this time, in the fire, most of the power supply has been cut off or short-circuited and tripped, and the bright place is where the fire demon is raging.
Blind obedience: Common blind obedience behaviors include jumping out of windows, jumping off buildings, hiding in toilets, bathrooms, door corners and so on.
Inertia thinking: People always habitually think that the fire starts from below, and the higher it is, the more dangerous it is. Only by escaping to the first floor and running outside as soon as possible can there be hope of living. As everyone knows, at this time, there may be a sea of fire underneath.
In fact, every 15 floor of the super high-rise building will be provided with a refuge floor, so that you can reach the refuge floor as soon as possible when you escape.
Risk jumping off a building: In the face of increasing fire and smog, people are prone to lose their minds, but don't jump off a building or a window at this time.
If you have any questions, ask them.